Doctoring 1 - Block 2 - Mechanism and Disease: Section 1

Frameworks of Cellular Pathology	12:54
Mechanisms of Cell Injury	07:06
Subcellular Organization	04:57
Basic Cell Housekeeping Functions	04:24
Phospholipids in Cell Membranes	08:18
Membrane Proteins	04:09
Resulting Condition: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria	04:09
Membrane Proteins Provide Cellular Structure	01:54
Resulting Condition: Hereditary Spherocytosis	03:27
Resulting Condition: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	04:24
Plasma Membrane Proteins Create Unique Domains	02:05
Cell Polarity	02:43
Movement of Ions and Small Molecules Across Membranes	03:31
Gibbs-Donnan Effect with Example of RBCs in Hyper- or Hypotonic Solutions	03:55
Resulting Condition: Cystic Fibrosis	06:12
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Potocytosis	03:17
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Pinocytosis	05:57
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Phagocytosis	01:34
Movement of Large Molecules Across Membranes: Exocytosis	02:49
Movement of Large Molecules Across Membranes: Transcytosis	02:18
Gap Junctions	02:21
Signaling Pathways	06:15
Wnt/beta-catenin Signaling Pathway with Resulting Condition: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli	03:25
Cytoskeleton: Actin Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubule	04:59
Cell-cell Junctions and Cell-matrix Junctions	03:56
Motor Proteins: Kinesin and Dynein	02:05
Cilia and Flagella Movement	02:30
Resulting Condition: Kartagener’s Syndrome	01:53
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response	05:46
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesis of Lipids and Hormones and Solubilization	02:59
Targeted Protein Degradation	06:21
Responding to Hypoxia	03:08
Resulting Condition: von-Hippel-Lindau Disease	02:22
Phagocytosis	01:13
Resulting Condition: Tay-Sachs Disease	04:05
Autophagy	02:06
Resulting Condition: Huntington's Disease	02:45
Mitochondria: ATP Production and Apoptosis	07:47
Cell Nucleus	03:09
Resulting Condition: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria	03:05
Basic Cell Housekeeping Functions: Summary	02:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Housekeeping Functions“

Overview of Cellular Injury	10:27
Etiologies of Cellular Injury: Introduction	03:25
Hypoxia – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	02:25
Chemical Agents – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	04:13
Infectious Agents – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	03:21
Mechanisms of Cellular Injury: Introduction	03:23
ATP Depletion – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	04:22
Loss of Calcium Homeostasis	03:11
Oxygen Free Radicals – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	06:02
Generation of Free Radicals – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	02:51
Free Radicals Effect on Cellular Activities	03:07
Free Radical Protection – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	01:59
Mitochondria in Cellular Injury	01:11
Ischemia-reperfusion Injury	02:52
Cell Injury and Adaptation: Introduction	03:09
Atrophy and Autophagy	11:26
Hypertrophy	02:43
Hyperplasia	01:44
Metaplasia	03:47
Subcellular Responses to Injury: Heat Shock Proteins	06:58
Reversible Cellular Injury	05:12
Irreversible Cellular Injury	04:39
Function vs. Morphology of Cellular Injury	03:05
Necrosis: Cellular Homicide	11:07
Apoptosis: Physiology and Pathology	06:38
Apoptosis: Mechanism	09:54
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis	03:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Injury“

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation	07:59
Innate Inflammation	02:53
Inflammation: Cardinal Signs and Components	04:50
Vascular Response to Acute Inflammation	08:45
Vascular Changes during Acute Inflammation	06:28
Cellular Response: Introduction	05:50
Acute Inflammation Triggers	02:28
Neutrophil Rolling	05:04
Neutrophil Activation and Adhesion	04:41
Inflammatory Chemokines	03:38
Neutrophil Transmigration	03:23
Neutrophil Chemotaxis	05:57
Sterile Necrosis	04:00
Phagocytosis: Leukocyte Killing	05:58
Leukocyte Mediators: Arachidonic Acid Metabolites	07:35
Complement System – Protein Effector Cascades	06:54
Kinin and Coagulation Factors – Protein Effector Cascades	04:44
Summary of Acute Inflammation: Cardinal Signs	01:05
Defects in Acute Inflammation	04:57
Overview of Chronic Inflammation and Repair	08:40
Beginning of Chronic Inflammation and Repair	02:21
Resolution of Acute Inflammation	03:09
Going from Acute to Chronic Inflammation	03:11
Outcomes of Injury and Chronic Inflammation	06:06
Important Cells in Chronic Inflammation	01:53
Role of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in Chronic Inflammation	07:38
Different Macrophage Populations	05:27
Accumulating Macrophages in the Tissue	03:06
Granulomatous Inflammation: Causes	04:19
Role of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in Lymphocyte-macrophage Activation	07:48
Inflammation and Parenchymal Regeneration	03:00
Cell Growth and Differentiation – Parenchymal Regeneration	05:21
Cell Proliferation and Healing-injury in Regenerating Tissue – Parenchymal Regeneration	02:59
Inflammation and Repair by Scarring – Parenchymal Regeneration	05:37
Angiogenesis in Wound Healing	07:53
Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Wound Healing	02:08
Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in Extracellular Matrix Remodelling	08:03
Injury in Non-regenerating Tissue	02:48
Primary vs. Secondary Healing	06:32
Complications of Healing: Overview	05:44
Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology	04:10
Complications of Wound Healing	03:42
Outcomes of Injury	01:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Acute and Chronic Inflammation“

Hemostasis: Introduction and Examples	09:02
Normal Hemostasis	07:03
Role of Platelets in Hemostasis	09:01
Coagulation Cascade	09:29
Coagulation Process and Regulation	05:58
Endothelium Promotes and Inhibits Thrombosis	08:43
Thromboregulation	05:33
Thrombolysis	05:23
Normal Hemostasis: Summary	01:32
Coagulation Screening and Platelet Disorders	04:57
Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)	07:22
Bleeding Disorders: Platelet Count, Defects, and Factor Deficiencies	05:49
Virchow's Triad – Thrombotic Disorders	05:56
Septic Shock and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) – Thrombotic Disorders	05:53
Hereditary and Acquired Hypercoagulable States	07:46
Anticoagulation Therapy	08:28
Therapeutic Clot Lysis or Stabilization	03:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Hemostasis“

Introduction to Atherosclerosis	08:32
Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors	09:15
Plaque Distribution and Athero-​protective and Athero-prone Waveforms	06:49
Response-to-Injury Hypothesis	06:25
Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis	05:12
Atherosclerosis and Wound Healing	03:50
Vascular Remodeling: Glagov Phenomenon	08:01
Plaque: Structure and Rupture	09:22
Vascular Pathologies and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms	04:44
Atherosclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	06:58
Introduction to Ischemia and Infarct	04:38
Myocardial Infarct: Timing and Biomarkers	07:56
Myocardial Infarct: Tissue Patterns and Cellular Injuries	08:51
Myocardial Infarct: Healing and Granulation of Tissue	06:18
Myocardial Infarct: Complications	05:28
Cerebral Infarct: Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)	03:56
General Concepts for Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarct	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Atherosclerosis“

Basic Concepts of the Immune System	05:26
Innate and Adaptive Immunity	05:55
Innate Immunity: The Mast Cells	04:35
Innate Immunity: The Natural Killer Cells	02:24
Innate Immunity: Complement	04:48
Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Antibodies	07:24
Adaptive Immunity: T Cells	07:10
Cytokines in Adaptive Immunity	03:24
Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction	08:19
Type I Hypersensitivity: Manifestations	04:06
Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction	06:13
Type II Hypersensitivity: Examples	07:31
Introduction to Type III Hypersensitivity	03:56
Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions	05:08
Type III Hypersensitivity: Manifestations in Different Diseases	10:49
Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction: CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cells	10:04
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Role of CD4+ T Cells in Delayed Hypersensitivity	09:08
Autoimmunity	05:23
Tissue Reaction to Foreign Bodies	04:48
Cell-mediated Injury: Polyclonal Activation by Superantigens	02:45
Summary of How Immune Responses Can Be Harmful	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Immune-mediated Diseases“

Fundamental Concepts of Microorganisms	10:57
Classes of Infectious Agents	01:22
Viral Infections	03:53
Infections by Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae	03:43
Other Types of Bacterial Infections: Classification, Morphology, and Gram Stain	03:44
Infections by Bacteria in Different Groups: Eubacteria, Actinomycetales and Spirochaetes	06:01
Fungal Infections	03:25
Infections by Protozoa and Helminths	05:34
Prions – Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy	04:48
Microbial Transmission and Microbial Virulence	06:19
Host Susceptibility and Host Barriers	03:23
Host Barriers – Skin and Respiratory Tract	05:42
Host Barriers – Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tracts	05:21
Host Barriers: Immune System	06:09
Pathology Directly Related to Infection	05:11
Infections Resulting in Neoplastic Growth	02:12
Exotoxins and Endotoxins	05:18
Septic Shock: Excess of Inflammatory Mediators	04:03
Infection-induced Immune Injury	06:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Host–pathogen Interaction“

Neoplasia: Definitions	05:04
Molecular Basis of Cancer	07:25
Hallmarks of Cancer	04:34
Normal Cell Division: Gene Transcription and Mitosis Induction	02:11
Normal Cell Cycle	04:55
Cyclins and Cyclin-dependent Kinases	03:42
Cell Cycle Regulation	04:34
P53: Guardian of the Genome	02:29
Cell Cycle: RB Locks the Cycle	04:42
P53 in DNA Damage Responses: Repair vs. Apoptosis	04:08
Classes of Genes Relevant to Cancer	03:50
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes	09:24
DNA Repair Genes	03:53
Apoptosis-related Genes	04:18
Telomerase and MicroRNAs	10:16
Etiology of Genetic Alterations in Cancer	08:32
How Human Papilloma Virus Causes Cancer	03:06
The APC Gene in Colorectal Cancer	03:57
Heterogeneity Within a Malignant Tumor	03:52
Cancer Stem Cells	04:57
Summary of the Molecular Basis of Cancer	03:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplasia“

Origin and Evolution of Neoplastic Cells: Overview	04:35
Stromal Matrix and Angiogenesis in Healing Wounds	13:22
Tumor Angiogenesis	05:41
Tumors: Wounds that Do Not Heal	08:26
Tumor Invasion and Metastasis: Overview	04:38
Tumor Invasion into Stroma and Lymphovascular Spaces	04:10
Anti-tumor Immunity and Immune Evasion by Tumor	05:45
Tumor Cell Egress from Lymphovascular Spaces, and Metastatic Spread	05:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumor-host Interactions“

Paraneoplastic Syndromes (PNS): Overview	05:16
Hypercoagulability as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:57
Hypercalcemia as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:01
Cachexia as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:11
Pituitary Adenoma as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:26
Carcinoid Syndrome – A Paraneoplastic Syndrome	03:58
Amyloidosis and Pheochromocytoma as Paraneoplastic Syndromes	04:21
Local Cancer Growth and Invasion	06:21
Metastases from Prostate Cancer: Autopsy Findings	07:08
Side Effects of Chemotherapy: Overview	06:37
Tumor Lysis Syndrome	02:56
Chemotherapy Effects on Bone Marrow and Testes	01:56
Lymphedema and Radiation Heart Disease	02:47
Cancer Immunotherapy	01:47
Infectious Complications of Chemotherapy	01:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Cancer Morbidity and Mortality“

Tumor Nomenclature	06:52
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors	07:08
Cytologic and Histologic Features of Malignant Tumors	05:56
Dysplasia, Carcinoma in Situ, and Invasive Carcinoma	10:14
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:08
Tumor Grading	05:19
Tumor Staging	04:49
Role of the Pathologist in Diagnosing Malignancy	07:30
Types of Neoplasms and Making a Diagnosis	10:11
Characterization of a Malignancy by Histotype, Cytogenetics, and Molecular Features	02:51
Predictive/Therapeutic Markers	08:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Surgical Pathology of Tumors“

Review of Anatomy of the Eye	05:33
Lacrimal Apparatus and Extraocular Muscles – Anatomy Review	05:18
Innervation of the Ocular Muscles – Anatomy Review	03:12
Emmetropia and Ametropia – Anatomy and Physiology Review	06:14
Saggital Section of the Eye – Anatomy Review	05:18
Anterior Segment of the Eye – Anatomy Review	10:47
Posterior Segment of the Eye and Fundoscopic Exam – Anatomy Review	08:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Ophthalmology“

Blepharitis – Diseases of the Eyelids	09:13
Chalazion – Diseases of the Eyelids	02:31
Hordeolum (Stye) – Diseases of the Eyelids	03:53
Conjunctivitis: Introduction and Etiologies	06:57
Conjunctivitis: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment	05:34
Dacryocystitis	07:46
Amblyopia and Strabismus	07:06
Cranial Nerve Palsies	04:37
Quiz zum Kurs „External Eye Diseases“

Corneal Diseases	06:48
Pupillary Control – Physiology Review	04:29
Marcus Gunn Pupil and Argyll Robertson Pupil – Pupillary Disorders	05:09
Intraocular Pressure – Physiology Review	06:25
Glaucoma: Types	09:07
Glaucoma: Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis	05:34
Uveitis: Types	03:39
Uveitis: Etiologies	04:05
Uveitis: Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment	03:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Anterior Chamber and Uvea“

Optic Disorders and Visual Field	11:18
Diabetic Retinopathy: Classification and Pathophysiology	07:26
Diabetic Retinopathy: Signs and Diagnosis	05:09
Retinopathy of Prematurity	05:44
Hypertensive Retinopathy	04:55
Retinal Vessel Occlusion	05:23
Age-Related Macular Degeneration	02:19
Macular Degeneration	07:51
Retinal Detachment	09:28
Retinitis Pigmentosa and Optic Neuritis	07:50
Cataracts	08:45
Endophthalmitis	03:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Posterior Segment Eye Diseases“

Corneal Abrasion and Ulcer – Traumatic Injuries	05:46
Fracture of the Orbit – Traumatic Injuries	03:26
Retinoblastoma: Epidemiology, Mortality Rate and Etiology	03:10
Retinoblastoma: Proliferation and Types	07:34
Retinoblastoma: Signs, Symptoms and Diagnosis	03:25
Ocular Melanomas	06:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma and Neoplasms of the Eye“

Arteries and Veins: Structure and Characteristics	11:36
Resistance and Capacitance Vessels	09:53
Collateral Circulations	04:49
Portal and Dual Circulations	07:25
Functions of the Endothelium	06:48
Types of Endothelium	04:02
Introduction to the Anatomy of the Heart	03:52
Elements of the Heart: Chambers and Vessels	04:32
Elements of the Heart: Collateral Circulation, Valves and Conduction System	09:33
Myocardium	03:53
Sarcomere	05:25
Valves of the Heart	03:56
Coronary Vasculature and Conduction System of the Heart	04:49
Basic Response to Vascular Injury	06:49
Quiz zum Kurs „Structure-Function Relationships in the Cardiovascular System“

Blood Pressure Regulation	06:43
Pathophysiology of Hypertension	08:58
Hypertension: Epidemiology, Classification and White Coat Hypertension	05:01
Hypertension: Pathology, Clinical Features and Complications	06:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Hypertension“

Introduction to Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection	06:43
Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Medial Architecture	08:30
Aneurysm: Definition and Classification, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm	02:07
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm	10:28
Aortic Dissection: Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathology	06:47
Aortic Dissection: Stanford Classification, Signs and Symptoms, Consequences and Diagnostics	09:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Aortic Disease“

Antiendothelial Cell Antibodies and Circulating Immune Complexes – Vasculitis	07:55
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies and Cell-mediated Vasculitis – Vasculitis	04:52
Giant Cell Aortitis and Takayasu Arteritis	06:07
Giant Cell Arteritis	04:23
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) and Kawasaki Disease	05:16
Polyarteritis Nodosa, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) and Microscopic Polyangiitis	06:32
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome and Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease	05:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis“

Varicose Veins: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	08:56
Deep Venous Thrombosis	07:55
Trousseau Syndrome	01:11
Portal Venous Hypertension, Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes	06:21
Lymphangitis, Lymphedema and Other Disorders of Lymphatic Vessels	06:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Vein and Lymphatic Pathology“

Cardiac Pathology: Overview	06:52
Heart Failure: Introduction	09:43
Heart Failure: Pathophysiology	08:07
Heart Failure: Epidemiology and Patterns of Hypertrophy	03:47
Left-sided and Right-sided Heart Failure	10:33
Heart Failure: Diagnostics and Treatment	04:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Failure“

Ischemic Heart Disease: Etiology and Epidemiology	04:44
Factors that Contribute to Coronary Atherosclerosis	06:54
Cardiac Syndromes	04:00
Stable, Prinzmetal and Unstable Angina	05:57
Ischemic Heart Disease: Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology	04:08
Ischemic Heart Disease: Plaque Changes and Adaptive Mechanisms	04:38
Pathology of Intervention	12:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Ischemic Heart Disease“

Conducting System of the Heart	06:32
Arrhythmia: Definition, General Categories and Clinical Manifestations	05:56
Acquired Arrhythmia	10:37
Inherited Arrhythmia	06:20
Sudden Cardiac Death	08:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Arrhythmia“

Regurgitation and Clinical Consequences – Valvular Heart Disease	08:33
Etiology – Valvular Heart Disease	07:10
Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations – Calcific Aortic Stenosis	09:31
Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Mitral Annular Calcification	02:46
Mitral Valve Prolapse	04:47
Etiology and Diagnostics – Rheumatic Heart Disease	03:56
Pathogenesis and Clinical Features – Rheumatic Heart Disease	08:18
Definition and Etiology – Infective Endocarditis	04:14
Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Clinical Manifestations – Infective Endocarditis	08:53
Marantic and SLE-associated Endocarditis and Carcinoid Heart Disease	06:54
Prosthetic Valves	03:47
Definition and Pathogenesis – Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:40
Systemic (Left-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	05:15
Pulmonary (Right-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Valvular and Hypertensive Heart Disease“

Cardiomyopathy: Definition and Types	06:30
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis	07:02
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology	08:34
Peripartum and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy	08:08
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Morphology, Clinical Manifestations, and Complications	04:38
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Etiology and Variants	06:05
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	06:49
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Complications, Morphology, and Histology	03:32
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy	05:57
Cardiac Amyloidosis, Endomyocardial Fibrosis, and Loeffler Endomyocarditis	08:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiomyopathy“

Myocarditis: Definition and Etiology	06:17
Myocarditis: Pathophysiology and Pathology	03:52
Myocarditis: Manifestations, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostics, and Management	04:32
Definition and Etiology – Pericarditis	06:56
Classification of Acute Pericarditis	05:29
Clinical Manifestations and Management – Pericarditis	03:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Myocarditis and Pericarditis“

S1 and S2	05:09
S3 and S4	06:21
Dynamic Auscultation	11:51
Respiratory Variation	08:30
Auscultation Areas	14:14
Rapid Squatting	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Sounds“

Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	04:45
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Upper Portion	07:48
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Middle Portion	03:32
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Respiratory Zone	07:50
Dyspnea: Definition	05:21
Dyspnea: Causes	04:54
Dyspnea: History	02:36
Cough: Definition and History	03:14
Cough: Pearls	03:17
Wheezing	02:33
Hemoptysis	02:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Pulmonary Pathology“

Chest X-ray – Diagnostic Imaging	02:19
Chest CT Scan – Diagnostic Imaging	03:35
Alveolar Infiltrate – Diagnostic Imaging	05:27
Nodules – Diagnostic Imaging	02:44
Arterial Blood Gases – Laboratory Diagnostics	02:48
Acidosis and Alkalosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	14:40
Metabolic Acidosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:41
Davenport Diagram – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:45
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 1 and 2 – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:49
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 – Laboratory Diagnostics	09:52
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 (cont'd) – Laboratory Diagnostics	10:48
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3a – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:40
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 4 – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:02
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 5 – Laboratory Diagnostics	05:49
Assessing Lung Function – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:53
Alveolar Gas Equation – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:05
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) – Laboratory Diagnostics	07:43
Spirometry – Laboratory Diagnostics	06:35
Loop Spirometries – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:15
Other Spirometry Patterns – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:05
Diffusion Capacity – Laboratory Diagnostics	03:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Diagnostics“

Respiratory Failures: Introduction	02:59
Acute Hypoxemic	04:54
Acute Hypercapnic	11:22
Respiratory Failures: Treatment	05:57
Mechanical Ventilation	06:19
Assisted Control – Modes of Ventilation	05:07
Modes of Ventilation: Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation	01:58
Modes of Ventilation: Pressure Support	06:27
Modes of Ventilation: Mechanical Ventilation Goals	05:13
Modes of Ventilation: Ventilator Airway Pressure	03:27
Modes of Ventilation: Auto-PEEP	05:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Failures“

Obstructive Lung Disease: Pathogenesis	01:32
Obstructive Lung Disease: Signs and Symptoms	05:07
Obstructive Lung Disease: Areas	05:58
GOLD Algorithm	01:54
Emphysema: Introduction	02:52
Emphysema: Pathogenesis A	10:33
Emphysema: Pathogenesis B	09:35
Emphysema: Signs and Symptoms	08:23
Emphysema: Diagnosis	05:20
Chronic Bronchitis: Introduction	01:32
Chronic Bronchitis: Pathogenesis	09:17
Chronic Bronchitis: Differential Diagnosis	07:21
Chronic Bronchitis: Multistep Approach	05:34
Asthma: Introduction	02:20
Asthma: Signs and Symptoms	03:06
Asthma: Differential Diagnosis	04:15
Asthma: Risk Factors & Prevention	03:39
Asthma: Diagnosis	04:38
Asthma: Treatment	08:24
Bronchiectasis: Pathogenesis	05:57
Bronchiectasis: Differential Diagnosis	04:46
Bronchiectasis: Cystic Fibrosis	06:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Obstructive Lung Disease“

Restrictive Lung Disease: Introduction	11:33
Flow Volume Spirometry	05:40
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (IIP)	01:44
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Pathogenesis	03:04
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Signs and Symptoms	05:23
Sarcoidosis: Introduction	01:07
Sarcoidosis: Pathogenesis	06:25
Sarcoidosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:02
Connective Tissue Disease: Overview	03:26
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP)	02:55
Lung Pathology in Lupus and in Rheumatoid Arthritis	03:10
Scleroderma	03:27
Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis	01:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Restrictive Lung Disease“

Occupational Lung Disease: Overview	05:58
Asbestosis: Introduction	08:03
Asbestosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:54
Berylliosis	06:18
Silicosis	04:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Occupational Lung Diseases“

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis): Overview and DIagnosis	12:23
Eosinophilic Lung Disease (ELD)	12:43
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Pathogenesis	07:18
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Differential Diagnosis	02:36
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: TTN, RDS and PPHN	15:05
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Signs, Symptoms, Definition, Treatment	04:30
Pulmonary Embolism: Pathogenesis	04:16
Pulmonary Embolism: Clinical Findings	04:31
Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Factors	04:28
Pulmonary Embolism: Prevention	01:51
Pulmonary Embolism: Signs & Symptoms	02:23
Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnosis	07:32
Pulmonary Embolism: Treatment	03:19
Pulmonary Hypertension	02:43
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 1 & 2	06:15
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 3 & 4	04:14
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pneumothorax	09:47
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pleural Effusion	04:54
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Physical Findings of the Lung	07:39
Sleep Apnea: Definition	03:28
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathogenesis	03:06
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Differential Diagnosis	03:33
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Treatment	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation and the Respiratory Regulation“

Lung Cancer: Definition	01:12
Small Lung Cancer	08:11
Adenocarcinoma	05:59
Squamous Cell Carcinoma	03:00
Large Cell Carcinoma	01:12
Bronchial Carcinoid	04:06
Mesothelioma	05:20
Lung Nodules and Cancer	03:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Lung Cancer “

Hypovolemic Shock	08:06
Cardiogenic and Obstructive Shock	06:29
Distributive Shock	05:31
Approach to Shock	00:48
Poisoning and Overdose	05:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Critical Care“

Renal Patho-Embryology	06:46
Horseshoe Kidney	03:36
Unilateral Renal Agenesis	02:15
Potter's Syndrome	06:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Renal Pathology“

Tubulointerstitial Pathology	08:58
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)	03:30
Chronic Kidney Disease	05:30
Algorithm of Acute Renal Injury	13:40
Urinalysis, Acute Renal Failure & Atheroembolism	03:48
Chronic Renal Failure	05:30
Pathophysiology of Renal Failure	07:31
Acute Interstitial Nephritis	01:30
Acute Tubular Necrosis	05:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Tubulointerstitial Diseases“

Glomerular Disorders	05:59
Electron Microscopy	04:27
Pathogenesis of Glomerular Disease	06:35
Mechanisms Producing Glomerular Disease	02:08
Types of Glomerular Diseases	00:51
Nephritic Syndrome	04:44
IgA Nephopathy	05:24
IgA Nephropathy	04:44
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis	04:36
Non-Streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis	02:21
Alport Syndrome	01:40
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis	03:41
Subendothelial IC Deposition Viewed With EM	01:22
Rapidly Progressive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis	04:37
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (rpgn) & Subtypes	05:59
Goodpasture's Syndrome	03:21
SLE Related Kidney Disease	04:13
ANCA Associated Vasculitis	02:40
Nephrotic Syndrome	05:16
Minimal Change Disease	06:15
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis	05:28
Membranous Nephropathy	06:01
Overview of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	01:54
Classification of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:53
Type I Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	04:27
Type II Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:22
Summary of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	02:51
Diabetic Glomerulopathy esp. Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease	10:40
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis and Renal Amyloidosis	03:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Glomerulonephritis“

Renal Dysplasia	02:40
Autosomal Recessive Disease (Juvenile)	04:54
Autosomal Dominant Disease	05:57
Additional Cystic Diseases of the Kidney	03:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Cystic Diseases (Renal Cystic Pathology)“

Renal Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	01:26
Filtration Barrier	06:52
Structure of the Glomerulus	10:59
Clinical Anatomy of the Glomerular Apparatus	05:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Clinical Anatomy“

Urinalysis: Introduction	17:23
Chemical Dipsticks: pH & Protein	03:35
Chemical Dipsticks: Glucose & Ketones	07:20
Chemical Dipsticks: Bilirubin & Urobilirubin	08:22
Chemical Dipsticks: Diseases and Steps in Metabolism	05:13
Chemical Dipsticks: Blood & Nitrates	08:48
Cells in Urine Sediment	04:10
Casts in Urine Sediment	07:35
Crystals in Urine Sediment	02:25
Various Morphology on Urinalysis	07:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinalysis“

Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Overview	05:11
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Etiology	10:02
Actions of ADH: Diabetes Insipidus (DI)	06:38
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Management	12:29
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Differentials	04:55
Quiz zum Kurs „(Nephrogenic) Diabetes Insipidus (DI)“

Regulation of ADH: Response to Water Deprivation	06:45
Regulation of ADH: ADH Secretion	06:08
Regulation of ADH: Volume vs. Osmolarity	04:38
Regulation of ADH: Significance of Clearance of Water	05:16
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)	07:32
Quiz zum Kurs „SIADH“

Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Water & Sodium Pathophysiology	04:10
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Changes in ECF Volume	05:51
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Plasma Osmolality (POsm)	12:45
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Clinical Volume Dynamics	23:16
Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic Disorders	08:12
Dehydration: Isotonic Fluid Disorders	06:02
Hypotonic Fluid Disorders	12:00
Dehydration: Summary of Isotonic and Hypotonic	04:33
Hypertonic Fluid Disorders	11:51
Review	04:13
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation of Water and Sodium Balance	01:26
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Key Points	03:11
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation Wheels	06:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Overview	00:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Crystalloids	03:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Colloids	04:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Saline: Clinical Terminology	08:09
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Distribution of IVFs	06:23
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IV Fluid: 'd5w'	03:22
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IVFs Summary	09:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Fluid and Electrolyte Balance“

Overview: Proximal vs. Distal Nephron	03:27
Tubular Transport by Nephron Segment	28:01
Tubular Secretion	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Nephron	11:50
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Convoluted Tubular Mechanics	12:49
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Correlations	16:31
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Clinical Effects	09:14
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Pathology	07:05
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Fanconi Syndrome	06:26
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Hartnup Disease	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Type 2 (Proximal) RTA	03:52
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Tubular Transport	07:07
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Bartter and Gitelman Syndrome	07:54
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Antenatal Bartter Syndrome	11:01
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Gitelman Syndrome	06:10
Collecting Duct (CD): Transport Mechanism	03:16
Collecting Duct (CD): Different Channels in Different Ducts	03:51
Collecting Duct (CD): Role of Aldosterone	03:54
Collecting Duct (CD): Atpase Pump	02:55
Collecting Duct (CD): Other Renal Tubular Acidoses	09:39
Collecting Duct (CD): Conn's Syndrome	10:15
Collecting Duct (CD): Summary of Clinical Findings	07:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Nephron“

Introduction to Renal Blood Flow	08:40
Renal Functional Anatomy	07:39
Renal Corpuscle – Juxta-glomerular Apparatus	06:50
Tubuloglomerular Feedback	02:58
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 1	12:09
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 2	08:59
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System	11:54
Basics of Creatinine	07:13
Clinical Application of Creatinine: Overview	08:00
Creatinine Clearance – Clinical Application of Creatinine	05:25
Causes of Increased and Decreased Ccr	07:41
Experimental Calculations of Renal Function (Part 1)	13:45
Overview and Calculations – Renal Glucose Transport and Reabsorption	21:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Diagnostics“

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Role of Calcium	05:00
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphate	03:07
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Uric Acid	03:09
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Clinical Correlation	02:23
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Shock Wave Lithotripsy	02:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephrolithiasis“

Gastroschisis	10:01
Omphalocele	04:35
Congenital Umbilical Hernia	03:06
Intestinal Malrotation	10:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Congenital Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders“

Sialolithiasis	06:24
Sialoadenitis	05:55
Salivary Gland Tumors	06:23

Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia	11:05
Dysphagia	10:01
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)	11:01
Esophagitis	06:53
Esophageal Tears and Perforations	05:28
Esophageal Motility Disorders	16:49
Esophageal Diverticula	06:37
Esophageal Carcinoma	11:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Esophagus“

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis	05:55
Gastritis	16:47
Peptic Ulcer Disease	17:48
Gastric Cancer	15:54
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)	06:41
Gastric Lymphoma (MALToma)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Stomach“

Jejunal and Ileal Atresia	03:02
Hirschsprung Disease	11:26
Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology	07:41
Celiac Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:31
Tropical Sprue	07:36
Lactose Intolerance	07:17
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	07:43
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:29
Short Bowel Syndrome and Bile Acid Malabsorption	10:54
Whipple Disease	07:35
Diarrhea: Etiology	10:07
Diarrhea: Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation	09:51
Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:54
Crohn Disease	11:33
Ulcerative Colitis	10:17
Differentiation of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease	09:19
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	08:30
Volvulus	07:15
Intussusception	06:05
Bowel Obstruction	10:46
Appendicitis	07:26
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis	09:22
Meckel Diverticulum	06:32
Angiodysplasia	05:20
Mesenteric Ischemia	10:37
Necrotizing Enterocolitis	07:36
Colonic Polyps: Types and Polyposis Syndromes	11:39
Colonic Polyps: Diagnosis and Management	12:27
Colorectal Cancer	09:30
Anal Fissure	05:24
Perianal and Perirectal Abscess	05:52
Rectal Prolapse	05:24
Hemorrhoids	07:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Small and Large Intestines Disorders“

Acute Liver Disease	04:46
Cirrhosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	11:04
Cirrhosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	08:18
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency	10:02
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	10:46
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:46
Wilson Disease	08:43
Introduction to Viral Hepatitis	02:07
Hepatitis A	02:42
Hepatitis B	04:55
Hepatitis C	03:35
Hepatitis D	02:31
Hepatitis E	01:48
Autoimmune Hepatitis	05:05
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	12:47
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	10:14
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	11:47
Reye Syndrome	05:17
Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Veno-occlusive Disease (VOD)	12:03
Benign Liver Tumors	11:46
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Liver Metastases	14:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Hepatobiliary System“

Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)	10:55
Hyperbilirubinemia of the Newborn	10:04
Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia Syndromes	08:53
Biliary Atresia	06:12
Choledochal Cysts	05:22
Cholelithiasis	10:19
Cholecystitis	11:17
Cholangitis	08:13
Cholangiocarcinoma	06:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Biliary Tract“

Annular Pancreas	03:04
Acute Pancreatitis	10:25
Chronic Pancreatitis	06:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pancreas“

Pituitary Hormones	15:34
Cell Surface Receptors	17:19
Steroid Hormone Receptors	06:41
Hormone Binding Proteins	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to the Endocrine System“

Actions of ADH	05:24
Dysregulation of ADH	04:02
Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus)	09:03
SIADH: Clinical Presentation	05:55
SIADH: Diagnosis and Treatment	05:09
Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) Differential Diagnoses	09:43
Cell Types	03:46
Types of Peptide Hormones	11:25
Hypothalamic Hormones	10:13
Hypopituitarism	12:35
Pituitary Apoplexy and Sheehan’s Syndrome	04:08
Pituitary Sellar Masses	09:24
Hyperprolactinemia	20:04
Control of Growth Hormone Release	11:26
Acromegaly (Growth Hormone Excess)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Pituitary Gland Disorders“

Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis (HPT-Axis)	07:19
Thyroid Hormone Function	18:51
Thyroid Function Tests	02:58
Euthyroid Hyperthyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	08:48
Euthyroid Hypothyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	07:08
Differential Diagnoses & T3-Resin Uptake – Euthyroid Conditions	06:43
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst	03:59
Introduction & Graves' Disease – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	09:51
Graves' Disease: Treatment – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	06:58
Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	13:10
Amiodarone-induced Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	04:30
Thyroid Storm & Subclinical Hyperthyroidism – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	11:41
Introduction – Hypothyroidism	10:01
Hashimoto’s Disease – Hypothyroidism	03:12
Hypothyroidism	07:04
Diagnostic Tests – Hypothyroidism	05:18
Goiter and Thyroid Nodules	06:22
Thyroid Adenomas and Thyroid Carcinomas	07:06
Types of Thyroid Carcinoma	09:12
Maternal-Fetal Thyroid Pathology	11:36
Differential Diagnoses – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	05:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Thyroid Gland Disorders“

Introduction & Hypothalamus – Adrenal Cortex	17:58
Overview of the Adrenal Gland – Adrenal Cortex	04:09
Cortisol and Aldosterone Synthesis – Adrenal Cortex	05:15
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) – Adrenal Cortex	09:35
Adrenal Incidentalomas – Adrenal Cortex	03:14
Hyperaldosteronism	09:51
Hypoaldosteronism	06:40
Introduction to Cortisol and Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	07:29
Introduction to Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	17:50
Screening Tests for Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	05:22
Management of Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	03:39
Adrenal Insufficiency: Definition & Etiology	07:40
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome & Addison´s Disease – Adrenal Insufficiency	07:28
Diagnosis – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:26
Glucocorticoids in Pharmacology – Adrenal Insufficiency	01:31
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:05
Sympathoadrenal System and Catecholamine – Adrenal Medulla	04:41
Pheochromocytoma – Adrenal Medulla	09:12
Hereditary Disorders: Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome, Sturge-Weber-Syndrome, Neuroblastoma, MEN2A & MEN2B – Andrenal Medulla	05:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Adrenal Gland Disorders“

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	06:55
Gastrinoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	03:08
Glucagonoma (Alpha Cell Tumor) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	00:59
VIPoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	02:02
Endocrine Pancreas and Control of Insulin – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	08:04
Glucose Homeostasis – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:44
Mechanism of Insulin Action & Types of Metabolism – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	05:56
Glucagon: Actions and Effects from α-Cells – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:13
Overview of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:02
Types of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	10:00
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	04:30
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:49
Secondary Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	06:14
Metabolic Syndrome – Hyperglycemia	01:18
Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	07:34
Acute and Chronic Diabetes Complications	04:22
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) – Diabetes Complications	13:18
Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic State – Diabetes Complications	02:38
Diabetic Retinopathy (Diabetic Eye Disease) – Diabetes Complications	06:32
Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease) – Diabetes Complications	04:11
Diabetic Neuropathy: Autonomic Neuropathy – Diabetes Complications	10:59
Diabetes Skin Manifestations: Acanthosis Nigricans and Necrobiosis Lipoidica – Diabetes Complications	02:06
Insulin: Therapy and Types – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	09:16
Dawn Phenomenon	01:41
Treatment of Insulin Overdose – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	04:54
Retired - Oral Agents for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	00:13
Glucose Monitoring: Glucometer and Hemoglobin A1C – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	01:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Pancreatic Disease and Diabetes“

Overview of Calcium Metabolism Disorders	08:36
Hypercalcemia: Definition & Clinical Manifestation	03:49
Hypercalcemia: Types & Causes	05:35
Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Effects of Hyperparathyroidism	05:07
Clinical Features of Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica	03:20
Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism	03:08
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (THPT)	05:50
Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia and Knowledge Check	04:31
Treatment of Severe Hypercalcemia	01:48
Hypocalcemia: Differential Analysis of Causes	04:16
Hypoparathyroidism	04:21
Pseudohypoparathyroidism	02:47
Acute Hypocalcemia	03:29
Vitamin D Deficiency: Vitamin D Production and Effects	02:04
Rickets	02:28
Differential Analysis of Vitamin D Dysfunction and Deficiency	04:35
Interpretation of Serum Calcium and Serum Phosphate Levels	01:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Parathyroid Gland Disorders“

Osteoporosis: Introduction & Causes	03:31
Osteoporosis: Risk Factors	01:09
Osteoporosis: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis	05:21
Osteoporosis: Treatment and Management	04:40
Paget's Disease of Bone	10:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Bone Disease“

Introduction to Female Reproductive Pathology esp. the Vulva	01:01
Vestibular Glands: Bartholin Cyst & Vestibular Adenitis	01:25
Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Simplex Chronicus	04:16
Condyloma Acuminatum	02:44
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia & Extramammary Paget´s Disease	04:49
Vaginal Cancer	02:43
Normal Cervix	01:50
Cervical Histology	03:15
Cervical Cancer: Pathogenesis	06:52
Cervical Cancer: Risk Factors	05:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of Vulva, Vagina and Cervix“

Candidiasis	02:08
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)	01:54
Trichomonas Vaginalis	01:39
Gardnerella Vaginalis	02:39
Treponema Pallidum and Primary Syphilis	02:27
Secondary, Tertiary and Congenital Syphilis	05:31
Haemophilus Ducreyi – Morphology	01:07
Chlamydia Trachomatis	01:54
Gonorrhea	02:50
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	02:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)“

Anatomy of the Normal Uterus	01:39
Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding	04:40
Anovulatory Cycle	03:19
Endometrial Polyp	00:31
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:22
Endometrial Hyperplasia	04:16
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma	05:27
Endometriosis	10:07
Inflammation of the Fallopian Tube	01:35
Tumors and Cysts in the Fallopian Tube	01:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Uterine and Fallopian Tube Disease“

Benign Cysts	01:34
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOS)	07:28
Ovarian Tumors	02:09
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Epithelial Tumors	07:40
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Endometrioid Tumors	00:53
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Germ Cell Tumors	02:35
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Mature Teratoma	03:42
Yolk Sac Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumor)	01:00
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Choriocarcinoma	01:24
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors & Granulosa-Theca Tumor	05:32
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Metastatic Ovarian Tumors	01:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Ovarian Diseases“

Miscarriage/Spontaneous Abortion	01:17
Ectopic Pregnancy	04:13
Placental Abnormalities	06:55
Abruptio Placentae	00:55
Preeclampsia	02:59
Hydatidiform Mole	07:10
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)	01:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Pregnancy Complications“

Nipple Discharge	03:36
Breast Imaging: Mammography	04:50
Mastitis: Inflammatory Disorder of the Breast	07:31
Fibroadenoma	03:30
Fibrocystic Breast Changes	06:31
Carcinoma of the Breast: Epidemiology	08:52
Carcinoma of the Breast: Pathophysiology	09:50
Carcinoma of the Breast: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:09
Gynecomastia	05:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Breast Pathology“

Introduction to Male Reproductive Pathology	03:58
Penis Disorders: Types and Clinical Representation	13:25
Cryptorchidism	03:58
Varicocele	09:21
Testicular Torsion	03:54
Scrotal Mass, Congenital- & Acquired Hydrocele and Spermatocele	03:26
Testicular Cancer	02:38
Types of Germ Cell Tumors (GCT)	06:42
Types of Non Germ Cell Tumors	02:46
Prostatitis and Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology	05:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Male Reproductive System Diseases“

Control of Adult Male Hormonal Secretion	06:53
Leydig and Sertoli Cells	03:30
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis	07:43
Hypogonadism	03:13
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis Differentials	05:06
Male Hypogonadism	05:55
Gynecomastia	04:57
Erectile Dysfunction & Peyronie's Disease	08:23
Diagnoses of Reproductive Syndromes & Deficiencies	17:11
Hermaphroditism	03:01
Diagnoses of Reproductive Hormone Disorders– Reproductive Pathology	10:45
5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency	02:43
Androgen Receptor Antagonists	02:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Hormone Disorders“

Anemia: Definition	03:55
Anemia: Overview	08:31
Anemia: Iron Studies	03:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Red Blood Cell Disorders“

Iron Deficiency Anemia: Introduction	02:46
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Etiology	05:14
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Signs and Symptoms	02:54
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Iron Studies	07:08
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Pathogenesis	02:59
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Clinical Pathology	03:57
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Iron Studies	07:09
Sideroblastic Anemia: Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Bone Marrow	17:47
Sideroblastic Anemia: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Iron Studies	05:30
Alpha Thalassemia: Etiology	11:59
Alpha Thalassemia: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	04:03
Alpha Thalassemia: Pathogenesis	02:55
Alpha Thalassemia: Clinical Pathology	05:07
Beta Thalassemia: Etiology and Pathogenesis	08:05
Beta Thalassemia: Morphology and Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	04:15
Beta Thalassemia: Clinical Pathology	01:07
Microcytic Anemia: Summary	01:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Microcytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Macrocytic Anemia: Introduction and Etiology	02:56
Megaloblastic Anemias	03:33
Biochemistry of Megaloblastic Anemia	16:04
Classification and Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies	08:07
Vitamin B12 Metabolism	03:49
Folate Deficiency	02:54
Macrocytic Anemia: Clinical Pathology	07:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Macrocytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Normocytic Anemia: Overview	09:37
Normocytic Anemia: Classification	02:06
Non-hemolytic Anemias	01:39
Hypocellular Bone Marrow	00:39
Acute Blood Loss	03:59
Bone Marrow Failure (BMF)	05:11
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia	01:47
Normal vs. Hypocellular Bone Marrow	01:34
Causes of Bone Marrow Failure (BMF)	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Normocytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Hemolytic Anemia: Overview	04:02
Hemolytic Anemia: Classification	03:22
Extravascular Hemolysis	03:33
Intravascular Hemolysis	01:56
Hemolytic Anemia: Clinical Features	01:17
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Etiology	02:39
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Pathogenesis	04:50
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Clinical Pathology	01:27
G6PD Deficiency: Etiology	02:39
G6PD Deficiency: Pathophysiology	08:15
G6PD Deficiency: Biochemistry of G6PD	03:20
G6PD Deficiency: Clinical Pathology	00:59
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Etiology	03:57
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Pathophysiology	03:53
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Clinical Pathology	01:46
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Pnh Lab Tests	04:34
Sickle Cell Anemia: Etiology	02:18
Sickle Cell Anemia: Pathogenesis	06:10
Sickle Cell Anemia: Vaso-occlusive Crisis	02:01
Sickle Cell Anemia: Clinical Pathology and Diagnosis	03:58
Sickle Cell Anemia: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	01:25
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Etiology	02:28
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Pathogenesis	05:07
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Morphology and Clinical Pathology	01:32
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia: Etiology	03:33
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia: Pathogenesis and Morphology	01:35
Micro- and Macroangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia esp. schistocytes	02:40
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Overview of Immune Hemolytic Anemias	01:57
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Direct and Indirect Coombs' Test	06:11
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Comparison of Direct and Indirect Coombs' Test	05:02
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Etiology	01:27
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Pathogenesis	03:25
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Clinical Features	01:00
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (CAIHA): Etiology, Pathogenesis and Clinical Pathology	05:20
Drugs That Cause Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia	05:05
Malaria	02:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Hemolytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Lymphadenopathy: Introduction – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:02
Lymphadenopathy: Lymphoid Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:31
Lymphadenopathy: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:13
Lymphadenopathy: Follicular Lymphoma and Lymphoid Hyperplasia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:57
Lymphadenopathy: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:48
Lymphadenopathy: Burkitt Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:50
Lymphadenopathy: Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin's Disease) – White Blood Cell Pathology	09:18
Lymphadenopathy: Reed-Sternberg Cells – White Blood Cell Pathology	08:03
Lymphadenopathy: Plasma Cell Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:52
Lymphadenopathy: Multiple Myeloma (Introduction)	03:03
Lymphadenopathy: Serum Protein Electrophoresis – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:16
Lymphadenopathy: Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:13
Lymphadenopathy: Plasmacytoma, MGUS and Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	07:58
Lymphadenopathy: Splenomegaly – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:12
Lymphadenopathy: Thymus Disorders – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:30
Lymphadenopathy: Thymoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Lymphadenopathy – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Leukocytosis and Leukopenia – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:44
Neutrophilic Leukocytosis – White Blood Cell Pathology	12:05
Lymphocytosis – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:52
Neutropenia and Lymphopenia – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Quantitative White Blood Cell Disorders – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Leukemia: Acute Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:03
Leukemia: Hematopoiesis – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:49
Leukemia: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:22
Leukemia: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:37
Leukemia: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:17
Leukemia: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:30
Leukemia: Polycythemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	12:55
Leukemia: Types of Leukemia incl. Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) and Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:38
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: MTX, 5-FU, 6-MP, 6TG & Ara-C – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:11
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin etc. – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Stroke: Introduction	02:40
Ischemic Stroke	03:28
Ischemic Stroke: Characteristics	03:50
Embolism	09:45
Ischemic Stroke Syndromes	03:55
Acute Stroke: Evaluation and Workup	06:53
Ischemic Stroke: Treatment	11:18
Hemorrhagic Stroke	08:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)“

Cerebral Aneurysm: Introduction	06:39
Cerebral Aneurysm: Diagnostic Workup	03:06
Cerebral Aneurysm: Treatment	04:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Cerebral Aneurysm (Intracranial Aneurysm)“

Increased Intracranial Pressure: Introduction	05:24
Brain Herniation	04:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)“

Trauma: Introduction	10:48
Trauma: Epidural and Subdural Hematoma	05:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma“

Spinal Cord Pathology: Introduction	06:34
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Spinal Cord Pathology“

Headache: Introduction	03:36
Acute Headache: Meningitis and Temporal Arteritis	06:55
Acute Headache: Hypertensive Urgency and Cluster Headache (Horton's Syndrome)	05:29
Acute Headaches: Venous Sinus Thrombosis	03:12
Sub-Acute Headache, Chronic Headache and Migraine	06:09
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension	04:29
Brain Tumor and Tension Headaches	04:21
Other Types of Headache	03:19
Indications of Brain Imaging in Headache	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Headache – Pathophysiology“

Seizures: Introduction	02:32
Seizures: Types	05:33
Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures	04:16
Evaluation of the First Non-Febrile Seizure and Childhood Epilepsy	02:40
Epilepsy Syndromes	04:09
Adult Epilepsy	01:49
Antiepileptic Drugs	10:51
Special Considerations, Status Epilepticus, and Summary	04:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Seizures“

CNS Infections: Introduction	02:13
Acute Meningitis	10:23
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Age	03:07
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Head Trauma	03:57
Acute Viral Meningitis	03:17
Tuberculous Meningitis	05:39
Chemical Meningitis, Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis, Neurosyphilis, Lyme Disease	10:21
Fungal and Cryptococcus	04:36
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, Neurocysticercosis and Parasitic Meningoencephalitis	08:39
Brain Abscess	02:21
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: HSV-1 and HSV-2	09:04
HIV-associated Meningoencephalitis	04:33
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (Prion Disease) and Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infections - Clinical Neurology“

Multiple Sclerosis: Introduction	03:29
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Pathology, Location of Lesions	05:57
Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	04:32
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Transverse Myelitis and Central Pontine Myelinolysis	05:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Multiple Sclerosis“

Dementia: Introduction	06:44
Alzheimer's Disease	07:36
Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology and Treatment	10:55
Other Causes of Dementia	12:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Dementia“

Radial Nerve Injury	05:48
Median Nerve Injury	03:19
Ulnar Nerve Injury	03:13
Femoral Nerve Injury	04:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Mononeuropathy“

Polyneuropathy: Introduction	06:11
Metabolic Neuropathies and Diabetic Neuropathy	04:57
Hereditary, Toxic and Infectious Neuropathy	04:17
Entrapment, Compressive and Peripheral Neuropathy	05:03
Neuromuscular Junction and Myasthenia Gravis	06:54
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and Botulinum Toxin	05:42
Myopathy Junction and Dystrophinopathies	05:35
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies and Channelopathies	06:05
Mitochondrial, Inflammatory, Endocrine and Drug Induced Myopathies	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Polyneuropathy“

Tumors of the CNS: Introduction	06:41
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Astrocytoma	05:48
Neuroepithelial Tumors	07:43
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Oligodendroglioma	07:59
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Medulloblastoma	04:00
Meningeal Tumors: Meningioma	05:51
Other Primary CNS Tumors	08:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of the CNS“

Movement Disorders: Introduction	08:45
Parkinson's Disease	06:39
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Degeneration and Multiple System Atrophy	05:25
Huntington's Disease (Huntington's Chorea)	04:10
Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Movement Disorders“

Altered Mental Status and Coma: Introduction	06:48
Coma and Brainstem Reflexes	04:12
Brain Death, Decorticate Posturing, Persistent Vegetative State and Locked-In Syndrome	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Altered Mental Status and Coma“

Vertigo: Introduction	02:17
Dix-Hallpike & Epley Maneuver Test	04:43
Syncope	02:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vertigo and Dizziness“

Sleep Stages	02:13
Sleep Disorders (Dyssomnias)	06:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Sleep“

Embryogenesis	03:33
Cerebral Palsy, Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder	03:19
Development Regression, Neurocutaneous Disorders and Tuberous Sclerosis	05:12
Neurofibromatosis, Hypotonia and Childhood Neurodegenerative Disorders	05:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Neuropathology“

Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain)	06:58
Neuromuscular Disease	08:58
Plexopathy	03:02
Mononeuropathy	02:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Diseases: Hydrocephalus, Neuromuscular Disease, Plexopathy, and Mononeuritis“

Skin: Functions	05:13
Skin: Epidermis	09:45
Skin: Dermis	03:57
Skin: Appendages	06:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Review: Physiology and Structure of the Skin“

Photoaging: Pathophysiology	05:56
Photoaging: Diagnosis and Management	04:54
Androgenetic Alopecia: Pathophysiology	06:11
Androgenetic Alopecia: Diagnosis and Management	04:56
Hair Whitening	05:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Degenerative Changes of Skin and Hair“

Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Pathophysiology	06:08
Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Diagnosis and Management	04:42
Freckles	04:41
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi	05:30
Acquired Melanocytic Nevi	08:45
Vitiligo: Pathophysiology	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of Maturation and Pigmentation of the Skin“

Eczema: Pathophysiology	07:11
Eczema: Diagnosis and Management	05:57
Erythema Multiforme: Pathophysiology	08:23
Psoriasis: Pathophysiology	07:16
Psoriasis: Diagnosis and Management	04:37
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Pathophysiology	07:30
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Management	05:24
Lichen Planus: Pathophysiology	03:41
Lichen Planus: Diagnosis and Management	08:31
Acne: Pathophysiology	08:01
Acne: Diagnosis and Management	07:00
Rosacea: Pathophysiology	05:35
Rosacea: Diagnosis and Management	05:54
Panniculitis: Pathophysiology	07:25
Panniculitis: Diagnosis and Management	03:29
Erythema Nodosum: Pathophysiology	08:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammatory Lesions of the Skin“

Warts (Verrucae): Definition and Pathophysiology	06:40
Warts (Verrucae): Diagnosis and Management	05:46
Molluscum Contagiosum: Pathophysiology	05:52
Impetigo: Pathophysiology	08:21
Fungal Skin Infections: Pathophysiology	07:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Infection Conditions of the Skin“

Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid: Pathophysiology	08:51
Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid: Diagnosis and Management	10:33
Dermatitis Herpetitiformis: Pathophysiology	10:49
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Pathophysiology	06:55
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Diagnosis and Management	03:41
Porphyria: Pathophysiology	09:17
Porphyria: Diagnosis and Management	02:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Blistering Skin Disorders“

Seborrheic Keratosis: Pathophysiology	09:28
Acanthosis Nigricans: Pathophysiology	05:49
Acrochordon: Pathophysiology	05:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Benign Epithelial Tumors of the Skin“

Sebaceous Gland Tumors: Pathophysiology	09:11
Trichoepithelioma: Pathophysiology	06:22
Eccrine Gland Tumors: Pathophysiology	11:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Adnexal Tumors of the Skin“

Actinic Keratosis: Pathophysiology	10:36
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Pathophysiology	07:29
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Management	06:13
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Pathophysiology	07:52
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Management	07:40
Melanoma: Pathophysiology	07:30
Melanoma: Clinical Manifestation	07:53
Melanoma: Diagnosis and Management	09:51
Dermatofibroma: Pathophysiology	04:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Premalignant and Malignant Epidermal and Dermal Tumors“

Mastocytosis: Pathophysiology	10:31
Leukemia Cutis: Pathophysiology	04:41
T-Cell Lymphomas: Pathophysiology	05:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of Cutaneous Lymphoid Cells“

Rheumatology: Introduction and Overview	05:41
Osteoarthritis (OA)	03:35
Osteoarthritis (OA): Pathogenesis	07:42
Crystalline Arthropathies: Gout / Pseudogout	07:03
Tophaceous Gout	08:48
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease	06:00
Septic Arthritis	10:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction and Non-Autoimmune Arthritis“

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies & Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)	11:03
Reactive vs. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)	11:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Seronegative Spondylarthropathies“

Approach to Rheum Labs: Anti-nuclear Antibody Speciation	10:25
Further Rheum Labs	03:59
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis	08:38
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Signs and Symptoms	10:50
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	06:17
Systemic Sclerosis: Limited vs. Diffuse	09:13
Sjögren Syndrome	06:22
Inflammatory Myopathies, Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis	06:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Connective Tissue Diseases“

Vasculitis: Introduction	06:05
Large Vessel Vasculitides: Takayasu	04:58
Medium Vessel Vasculitides: Polyarteritis Nodosa	07:18
ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	13:24
Non-ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	07:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis: Basic Principles with Carlo Raj“

Dystrophin-associated Protein Complex	09:45
Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy	11:36
Myotonic Dystrophy and Ion Channel Myopathy	09:18
The Neuromuscular Junction	05:29
Myasthenia Gravis: Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome	07:08
Introduction to Soft Tissue Pathology: Tumors in Lipid Tissue	07:14
Fibroblast, Muscle Tissue & Synovial Cell Sarcoma	10:12
Primary vs. Specific Amyloidosis	08:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Muscle and Soft Tissue: Pathology“

Energy Considerations in Nutrition	06:00
Use of Calories	06:45
Body Mass Index (BMI)	10:15
Introduction to Vitamins	07:36
Vitamin B1 and B2	05:21
Vitamin B3, B5, B6 and B7	06:14
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)	07:22
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)	09:21
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)	01:41
Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinoic Acid, Retinal)	03:27
Vitamin K (Quinone) and Vitamin E (Tocopherols)	04:52
Vitamin D (Calciferol, Calcitriol)	03:26
Pregnancy Nutrition	08:25
Newborn Feeding	03:25
Considerations for Older Adults	02:47
Malnutrition	02:56
Quiz zum Kurs „Nutrition“

Development of Tongue and Thyroid Gland	07:30
Pharyngeal Grooves and Pouches	09:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Embryology“

Thyroid Gland – Neck	09:29
Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands: Introduction	06:17
Kidneys: Renal Capsule – Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	06:01
Kidneys: Segments and Blood Supply – Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	05:00
Ureters – Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	02:05
Suprarenal Glands – Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	04:21
Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands: Conclusion	00:38
Hypothalamus: Components and Functions	10:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Gross Anatomy“

Pituitary Gland: Introduction	02:04
Pituitary Gland: Hormones	05:00
Pituitary Gland: Structure	12:33
Pituitary Gland: Anterior and Posterior Lobe	03:39
Pituitary Gland: Target Organs	05:20
Introduction to the Endocrine System	01:35
Thyroid Gland	09:22
Parathyroid Gland and Adrenal Gland	03:15
Adrenal Cortex	07:45
Adrenal Medulla	05:36
Endocrine Pancreas	05:09
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Histology“

Endocrine System and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis (HPA)	02:11
Feedback Loops and Pituitary Gland	04:11
HPA Hormones & Targets and Posterior Pituitary Hormones	03:43
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis	04:30
Thyroid Hormones	05:23
Thyroid Hormone Transportation	03:04
Thyroid Hormones: Symptomatology Associated	03:44
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Cortex Axis	07:31
Adrenal Hormone Synthesis	05:36
Adrenal Functions	03:23
Endocrine Pancreas Hormones	02:08
Glucagon Basics and Regulation of Glucagon Secretion	02:29
Glucagon: Functions	03:37
Insulin Basics	03:45
Insulin Secretion and Regulation	06:32
Insulin: Functions	03:00
Insulin: Metabolic Effects and Counterregulatory Hormones	03:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Physiology“

Introduction to Insulin	04:13
Insulin Types and Glycemic Excursions – Diabetes Medications	08:37
Secretagogues and Biguanides – Diabetes Medications	04:47
Metformin, Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors and Thiazolidinediones — Diabetes Medications	05:40
DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Analogues — Diabetes Medications	04:30
SGLT2 Inhibitors – Diabetes Medications	12:20
Case Studies – Diabetes Medications	01:59
Diabetes Medications – Summary	02:18
Overview – Adrenal Pharmacology	00:44
Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids – Adrenal Pharmacology	07:51
Catecholamines – Adrenal Pharmacology	02:40
Questions and Case Studies – Adrenal Pharmacology	05:11
Drugs for Hypothyroidism – Thyroid Medications	07:43
Drugs for Hyperthyroidism – Thyroid Medications	11:43
Hormonal Regulators: PTH and Vitamin D – Bone and Calcium Medications	06:44
Hormonal Regulators: Calcitonin, Estrogen and Glucocorticoids – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:20
Non-hormonal Regulators: Bisphosphonates, Fluoride and Calcimimetics – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:41
Biological Agents: RANKL Inhibitors – Bone and Calcium Medications	10:37
Case Studies – Bone and Calcium Medications	03:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Pharmacology“

Pituitary Hormones	15:34
Cell Surface Receptors	17:19
Steroid Hormone Receptors	06:41
Hormone Binding Proteins	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to the Endocrine System“

Actions of ADH	05:24
Dysregulation of ADH	04:02
Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus)	09:03
SIADH: Clinical Presentation	05:55
SIADH: Diagnosis and Treatment	05:09
Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) Differential Diagnoses	09:43
Cell Types	03:46
Types of Peptide Hormones	11:25
Hypothalamic Hormones	10:13
Hypopituitarism	12:35
Pituitary Apoplexy and Sheehan’s Syndrome	04:08
Pituitary Sellar Masses	09:24
Hyperprolactinemia	20:04
Control of Growth Hormone Release	11:26
Acromegaly (Growth Hormone Excess)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Pituitary Gland Disorders“

Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis (HPT-Axis)	07:19
Thyroid Hormone Function	18:51
Thyroid Function Tests	02:58
Euthyroid Hyperthyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	08:48
Euthyroid Hypothyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	07:08
Differential Diagnoses & T3-Resin Uptake – Euthyroid Conditions	06:43
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst	03:59
Introduction & Graves' Disease – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	09:51
Graves' Disease: Treatment – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	06:58
Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	13:10
Amiodarone-induced Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	04:30
Thyroid Storm & Subclinical Hyperthyroidism – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	11:41
Introduction – Hypothyroidism	10:01
Hashimoto’s Disease – Hypothyroidism	03:12
Hypothyroidism	07:04
Diagnostic Tests – Hypothyroidism	05:18
Goiter and Thyroid Nodules	06:22
Thyroid Adenomas and Thyroid Carcinomas	07:06
Types of Thyroid Carcinoma	09:12
Maternal-Fetal Thyroid Pathology	11:36
Differential Diagnoses – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	05:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Thyroid Gland Disorders“

Introduction & Hypothalamus – Adrenal Cortex	17:58
Overview of the Adrenal Gland – Adrenal Cortex	04:09
Cortisol and Aldosterone Synthesis – Adrenal Cortex	05:15
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) – Adrenal Cortex	09:35
Adrenal Incidentalomas – Adrenal Cortex	03:14
Hyperaldosteronism	09:51
Hypoaldosteronism	06:40
Introduction to Cortisol and Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	07:29
Introduction to Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	17:50
Screening Tests for Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	05:22
Management of Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	03:39
Adrenal Insufficiency: Definition & Etiology	07:40
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome & Addison´s Disease – Adrenal Insufficiency	07:28
Diagnosis – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:26
Glucocorticoids in Pharmacology – Adrenal Insufficiency	01:31
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:05
Sympathoadrenal System and Catecholamine – Adrenal Medulla	04:41
Pheochromocytoma – Adrenal Medulla	09:12
Hereditary Disorders: Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome, Sturge-Weber-Syndrome, Neuroblastoma, MEN2A & MEN2B – Andrenal Medulla	05:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Adrenal Gland Disorders“

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	06:55
Gastrinoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	03:08
Glucagonoma (Alpha Cell Tumor) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	00:59
VIPoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	02:02
Endocrine Pancreas and Control of Insulin – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	08:04
Glucose Homeostasis – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:44
Mechanism of Insulin Action & Types of Metabolism – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	05:56
Glucagon: Actions and Effects from α-Cells – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:13
Overview of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:02
Types of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	10:00
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	04:30
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:49
Secondary Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	06:14
Metabolic Syndrome – Hyperglycemia	01:18
Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	07:34
Acute and Chronic Diabetes Complications	04:22
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) – Diabetes Complications	13:18
Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic State – Diabetes Complications	02:38
Diabetic Retinopathy (Diabetic Eye Disease) – Diabetes Complications	06:32
Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease) – Diabetes Complications	04:11
Diabetic Neuropathy: Autonomic Neuropathy – Diabetes Complications	10:59
Diabetes Skin Manifestations: Acanthosis Nigricans and Necrobiosis Lipoidica – Diabetes Complications	02:06
Insulin: Therapy and Types – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	09:16
Dawn Phenomenon	01:41
Treatment of Insulin Overdose – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	04:54
Retired - Oral Agents for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	00:13
Glucose Monitoring: Glucometer and Hemoglobin A1C – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	01:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Pancreatic Disease and Diabetes“

Overview of Calcium Metabolism Disorders	08:36
Hypercalcemia: Definition & Clinical Manifestation	03:49
Hypercalcemia: Types & Causes	05:35
Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Effects of Hyperparathyroidism	05:07
Clinical Features of Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica	03:20
Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism	03:08
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (THPT)	05:50
Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia and Knowledge Check	04:31
Treatment of Severe Hypercalcemia	01:48
Hypocalcemia: Differential Analysis of Causes	04:16
Hypoparathyroidism	04:21
Pseudohypoparathyroidism	02:47
Acute Hypocalcemia	03:29
Vitamin D Deficiency: Vitamin D Production and Effects	02:04
Rickets	02:28
Differential Analysis of Vitamin D Dysfunction and Deficiency	04:35
Interpretation of Serum Calcium and Serum Phosphate Levels	01:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Parathyroid Gland Disorders“

Osteoporosis: Introduction & Causes	03:31
Osteoporosis: Risk Factors	01:09
Osteoporosis: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis	05:21
Osteoporosis: Treatment and Management	04:40
Paget's Disease of Bone	10:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Bone Disease“

Review of Thyroid Physiology	02:36
Thyroid Case: 38-year-old Woman with Insomnia, Anxiety and Hair Loss	01:40
Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis	02:20
Thyroid Storm with Case	02:36
Graves Disease	05:05
Types of Thyroiditis with Case	03:37
Toxic Adenoma and Multinodular Goiter with Case	03:31
Hyperthyroidism – Summary	02:11
Thyroid Nodules	03:19
Thyroid Cancer with Case	04:51
Thyroid Case: 52-year-old Woman with Weight Gain, Fatigue and Poor Concentration	01:52
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Subclinical Hypothyroidism	04:00
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome with Case	01:53
Myxedema Coma with Case	03:13
Hypothyroidism – Summary	01:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Thyroid Disorders“

Review of Hypothalamic and Pituitary Physiology	03:38
Pituitary Case: 54-year-old Man with Fatigue and Joint Pain	03:07
Acromegaly	03:14
Pituitary Case: 28-year-old Woman with Amenorrhea and Nipple Discharge	01:58
Hyperprolactinemia	04:25
Pituitary Case: 53-year-old Man after Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma	02:06
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)	02:05
Pituitary Case: 48-year-old Woman with Weight Gain, Easy Bruising, and Hypertension	01:28
Cushing Syndrome and Cushing Disease	08:31
Summary: Pituitary Hormone Excess	01:35
Pituitary Case: 51-year-old Man with Severe Headache	03:35
Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormone Deficiency	05:48
Pituitary Case: 28-year-old Woman with Excessive Thirst and Urination	02:08
Diabetes Insipidus and Pituitary Tumors	06:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Pituitary and Hypothalamic Disorders“

Review of Adrenal Excess and Adrenal Deficiency	03:20
Adrenal Case: 25-year-old Man with Severe Pulsatile Headache	02:08
Pheochromocytoma	05:03
Adrenal Case: 38-year-old Man with Hypertension	02:58
Primary Hyperaldosteronism	02:15
Adrenal Case: 68-year-old Man with Nausea, Lightheadedness, Back and Abdominal Pain	04:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Adrenal Gland Disorders“

Types of Diabetes	04:53
Diabetic Case: 9-year-old Girl with Thirst, Weight Loss, and Frequent Urination	04:08
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	03:54
Honeymoon Phase with Case	03:49
Diabetic Case: 47-year-old Woman with Pain on Urination, Frequent Urination, and Urine Urgency	02:43
Diabetic Case: 61-year-old Man with Weight Gain	01:31
Prediabetes	02:41
Diabetic Case: 36-year-old Primigravid Woman for Antenatal Care	01:17
Gestational Diabetes	02:08
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Patient Education and Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose	03:07
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Monitoring and Non-pharmacologic Approaches	02:54
Bariatric Surgery with Case	03:17
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Rational Management	01:19
Type 1 Diabetes Management with Case	09:46
Diabetic Case: 19-year-old Man with Type 1 DM	02:01
Diabetic Case: 75-year-old Man on Insulin Therapy	02:20
Diabetic Case: 49-year-old Man with Elevated HbA1c	02:19
Non-insulin Diabetes Mellitus Medications with Case	18:17
Basal-bolus Insulin Therapy with Case	02:27
Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Cases	04:58
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS) with Case	03:26
Comparing Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS) and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)	10:11
Diabetes Mellitus: Chronic Complications	06:08
Diabetic Neuropathy with Case	04:57
Diabetic Foot Ulcers with Case	03:26
Hypoglycemia with Case	04:14
Insulinoma (Whipple's Triad) with Case	03:44
Quiz zum Kurs „Diabetes Mellitus“

Hypercalcemia and Review of Calcium Homeostasis	07:32
Bone Metabolism Case: 68-year-old Woman with High Serum Calcium Level	02:27
Primary Hyperparathyroidism	06:14
Bone Metabolism Case: 71-year-old Man with Shortness of Breath	02:21
Hypercalcemia: Types and Management	07:24
Hypocalcemia: Causes and Clinical Features	02:35
Iatrogenic Hypoparathyroidism with Case	04:03
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) with Case	01:53
Hypocalcemia: Management	03:54
Osteoporosis with Case	04:47
Osteomalacia with Case	02:55
Paget's Disease with Case	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Metabolic Bone Disorders“

Reproductive Endocrinology: Course Overview	00:39
Reproductive Case: 17-year-old Woman with Absence of Menarche	02:04
Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea	05:04
Reproductive Case: 34-year-old Woman with Hirsutism	01:51
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Clinical Presentation and Management	05:50
Female Infertility	04:34
Male Hypogonadism with Case	06:02
Male Infertility	02:17
Gynecomastia with Case	02:49
Reproductive Case: 6-day-old Girl with Vomiting and Poor Feeding	01:45
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Endocrine Disorders“

Medical Genetics History	03:52
Genetic Diseases: Categories	05:15
Review: Cell and Molecular Biology Course	05:31
Review: Genome Mapping	03:49
Review: Epigenetic Regulation, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, and Cytogenetics	03:26
Review: Point Mutations, Triplet Repeats, Chromosomal Mutations	05:47
Goldilocks Principle	05:55
Monoallelic Expression	06:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Medical Genetics“

Nondisjunction	08:23
Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21	07:35
Down Syndrome: Variations	05:16
Autosomes: Structural Abnormalities	04:26
Translocation	03:58
Segregation of Chromosomes with Inversions	03:51
Autosomal Disorders and Genomic Imprinting	06:27
Prader-Willi Syndrome	03:15
Angelman Syndrome	06:55
Sex Chromosomes	08:29
Chromosomal and Gonadal Sex: Inconsistencies	04:08
46,XY Karyotype: Disorders	05:29
46,XX Karyotype: Disorders	04:40
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies	04:44
Sex Chromosome Abnormalities	06:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Chromosomal Disorders“

Terminology & Concept Recap	04:54
The Pedigree	04:01
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance	08:49
Autosomal Recessive Disorders	04:04
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance	09:01
Autosomal Dominant Disorders	04:15
X-linked Inheritance	07:15
X-linked Recessive Inheritance	05:43
X-linked Recessive Disorders	04:03
X-linked Dominant Inheritance	05:07
X-linked Dominant Disorders	05:38
Expansions and Huntington's Disease	07:49
Fragile X Syndrome: CGG Expanding Repeat	03:33
Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance	04:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Single-Gene Disorders“

Multifactorial Inheritance: Introduction	03:29
Qualitative Traits: Risk Assessment	04:06
Quantitative Traits: Risk assessment	05:35
Multifactorial Gene Disorders: Examples	05:31
Bipolar Disorder and Coronary Artery Disease	03:23
Thrombosis and Hirschsprung Disease	09:56
Type 1 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease	05:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Multifactorial Inheritance“

Population Genetics: Introduction	05:15
Allelic Frequencies	05:33
Hardy-Weinberg Principle	04:40
Hardy-Weinberg Assumptions	04:39
Phenylketonuria (PKU)	07:34
Hardy-Weinberg in X-Linked Disease	02:50
Genetic Variation: Responsible Factors	09:18
Cancer Genetics	07:47
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes: Review	04:46
Heredity and Cancer	05:56
Expression Profiling in Prognosis	03:02
Genetic Counseling	06:44
Prenatal Screening	07:40
Prenatal Diagnosis	05:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Population Genetics“

Development of the Indifferent Gonad and Ducts	06:06
Ovaries and Paramesonephric Ducts	07:44
Testes and Mesonephric Ducts	04:46
Development of External Genitalia	05:57
Hormonal Effects on External Genitalia	06:12
Germ Cells, Mitosis and Meiosis	08:26
Chromosomal Abnormalities: Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13	05:01
Chromosomal Abnormalities: Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, Trisomy X and XYY, Mosaics, Chimeras and Structural Defects	07:49
Spermatogenesis	03:33
Oogenesis	05:20
Ovarian Cycle, Ovulation and Uterine Changes	04:07
Fertilization and Implantation	05:56
Infertility Treatments	04:27
Implantation and Trophoblast	10:10
Placenta and Fetal Membranes	07:58
Abnormalities of the Amnion, Placenta, and Umbilical Cord Part 1	04:17
Abnormalities of the Amnion, Placenta, and Umbilical Cord Part 2	04:09
Twinning and Fetal Membranes	06:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Embryology“

Overview – Bony Pelvis	02:51
Superior View – Pelvic Floor	06:12
Inferior and Medial View – Bony Pelvis	03:05
Male and Female Differences – Bony Pelvis	03:02
Pelvic Walls – Pelvic Floor	04:56
Structure and Components – Pelvic Floor	03:40
Conclusions – Bony Pelvis and Pelvic Floor	00:42
Male Reproductive Organs: Introduction	07:23
Bladder and Urethra – Male Reproductive Organs	05:13
Sectioned Pelvis: Bladder – Male Reproductive Organs	04:43
Testes – Male Reproductive Organs	05:14
Sperm Route and Seminal Vesicle – Male Reproductive Organs	03:57
Prostate – Male Reproductive Organs	01:37
Rectum – Male Reproductive Organs	03:30
Male Reproductive Organs: Conclusion	00:59
Female Reproductive Organs: Introduction	07:21
Vaginal Fornix – Female Reproductive Organs	02:15
Uterus: Uterine Tubes – Female Reproductive Organs	05:18
Uterus: Broad Ligament – Female Reproductive Organs	05:52
Ovaries – Female Reproductive Organs	01:35
Female Reproductive Organs: Conclusion	00:55
Branches of Internal Iliac Artery: Introduction	04:15
Anterior Branches – Branches of Internal Iliac Artery	07:07
Posterior Branches – Branches of Internal Iliac Artery	02:08
Pelvis: Paired and Unpaired Arteries – Branches of Internal Iliac Artery	02:09
Differences Between Male and Female – Branches of Internal Iliac Artery	04:49
Blood Supply of the Rectum – Branches of Internal Iliac Artery	03:05
Branches of Internal Iliac Artery: Conclusions	00:46
Perineum	03:59
Perineum: Boundaries and the Perineal Membrane	07:07
Ischioanal Fossa – Perineum and External Genitalia	04:54
The Lateral Wall of the Ischioanal Fossa – Perineum and External Genitalia	04:06
Perineal Pouches – Perineum and External Genitalia	01:50
Male Perineum	04:33
Male Perineum: Superficial Pouch	04:09
Female Perineum	06:18
Anal Canal – Perineum and External Genitalia	04:29
Analsphincters and Puborectalis – Perineum and External Genitalia	04:04
Perineum: Neurovasculature	04:43
Perineum and External Genitalia: Conclusion	00:51
Lymphatic System – Lymphatic Drainage of Abdominopelvic Organs	03:34
Lymphatic Drainage of Abdominopelvic Organs: Summary	06:38
Abdominopelvic Viscera – Lymphatic Drainage of Abdominopelvic Organs	04:17
Lymphatic Drainage – Lymphatic Drainage of Abdominopelvic Organs	08:38
Lymphatic Drainage of Abdominopelvic Organs: Conclusion	01:01
Autonomic Nerves of Abdominopelvic Organs: Introduction	08:30
Autonomic Nervous System – Autonomic Nerves of Abdominopelvic Organs	05:25
Foregut and Midgut – Autonomic Nerves of Abdominopelvic Organs	04:57
Hindgut – Autonomic Nerves of Abdominopelvic Organs	07:01
Rectum and Anal Canal – Autonomic Nerves of Abdominopelvic Organs	04:12
Erection, Emission and Ejaculation – Autonomic Nerves of Abdominopelvic Organs	04:06
Referred Pain – Autonomic Nerves of Abdominopelvic Organs	05:34
Autonomic Innervation: Summary	02:05
Autonomic Nerves of Abdominopelvic Organs: Conclusions	00:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Gross Anatomy“

Testis: Introduction – Male Reproductive System	04:54
Testis: Structure – Male Reproductive System	05:11
Testis: Seminiferous Tubule – Male Reproductive System	02:08
Testis: Spermatogenesis – Male Reproductive System	08:49
Testis: Sertoli Cell – Male Reproductive System	05:34
Testis: Mature Spermatozoon – Male Reproductive System	01:49
Testis: Leydig Cell – Male Reproductive System	02:32
Testis: Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis – Male Reproductive System	03:38
Other Structures – Male Reproductive System	04:01
Duct System – Male Reproductive System	07:11
Epididymis – Male Reproductive System	04:54
Ductus Deferens and Spermatic Cord – Male Reproductive System	04:24
Accessory Sex Glands – Male Reproductive System	02:26
Prostate Gland – Male Reproductive System	05:47
Penis – Male Reproductive System	05:18
Ovary: Introduction – Female Reproductive System	03:42
Ovary: Structure – Female Reproductive System	02:40
Ovary: Stages of Follicular Development – Female Reproductive System	06:35
Ovary: Primordial Follicle – Female Reproductive System	10:12
Ovary: Secondary and Mature Follicle – Female Reproductive System	08:11
Ovary: Corpus Luteum – Female Reproductive System	07:57
Ovary: Summary – Female Reproductive System	01:33
Other Structures – Female Reproductive System	03:08
Uterine Tube – Female Reproductive System	08:35
Uterus – Female Reproductive System	08:23
Proliferative Phase – Female Reproductive System	07:55
Cervix – Female Reproductive System	04:02
Vagina – Female Reproductive System	04:05
Mammary Gland – Female Reproductive System	05:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Histology“

Introduction to Male Reproductive Endocrinology	02:33
Testosterone Effects	04:41
Testis, Spermatogenesis and Sperm Maturation: Sertoli Cell Secretions	04:18
Introduction to Female Reproductive Endocrinology	03:56
Estrogen and Progesterone Synthesis	04:00
Estradiol and Progestin Effects	02:06
Menstrual Cycle: 28 Days Female Cycle	02:36
Endometrial Cycle	05:11
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis: Control & Regulation	02:59
Sperm and Capacitation	03:13
Fertilization	04:33
Location of Fertilization & Early Divisions: Implantation	03:30
Placenta: Blood Flow, Barriers & Exchange	04:04
Maternal Changes	06:09
Fetal & Adult Circulation: Comparison & Distribution	05:37
Changes at Birth	04:10
Milk Secretion and Production	02:59
Regulation of Lactation	05:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Physiology“

Introduction to Female Reproductive Pathology esp. the Vulva	01:01
Vestibular Glands: Bartholin Cyst & Vestibular Adenitis	01:25
Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Simplex Chronicus	04:16
Condyloma Acuminatum	02:44
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia & Extramammary Paget´s Disease	04:49
Vaginal Cancer	02:43
Normal Cervix	01:50
Cervical Histology	03:15
Cervical Cancer: Pathogenesis	06:52
Cervical Cancer: Risk Factors	05:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of Vulva, Vagina and Cervix“

Candidiasis	02:08
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)	01:54
Trichomonas Vaginalis	01:39
Gardnerella Vaginalis	02:39
Treponema Pallidum and Primary Syphilis	02:27
Secondary, Tertiary and Congenital Syphilis	05:31
Haemophilus Ducreyi – Morphology	01:07
Chlamydia Trachomatis	01:54
Gonorrhea	02:50
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	02:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)“

Anatomy of the Normal Uterus	01:39
Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding	04:40
Anovulatory Cycle	03:19
Endometrial Polyp	00:31
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:22
Endometrial Hyperplasia	04:16
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma	05:27
Endometriosis	10:07
Inflammation of the Fallopian Tube	01:35
Tumors and Cysts in the Fallopian Tube	01:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Uterine and Fallopian Tube Disease“

Benign Cysts	01:34
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOS)	07:28
Ovarian Tumors	02:09
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Epithelial Tumors	07:40
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Endometrioid Tumors	00:53
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Germ Cell Tumors	02:35
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Mature Teratoma	03:42
Yolk Sac Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumor)	01:00
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Choriocarcinoma	01:24
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors & Granulosa-Theca Tumor	05:32
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Metastatic Ovarian Tumors	01:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Ovarian Diseases“

Miscarriage/Spontaneous Abortion	01:17
Ectopic Pregnancy	04:13
Placental Abnormalities	06:55
Abruptio Placentae	00:55
Preeclampsia	02:59
Hydatidiform Mole	07:10
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)	01:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Pregnancy Complications“

Nipple Discharge	03:36
Breast Imaging: Mammography	04:50
Mastitis: Inflammatory Disorder of the Breast	07:31
Fibroadenoma	03:30
Fibrocystic Breast Changes	06:31
Carcinoma of the Breast: Epidemiology	08:52
Carcinoma of the Breast: Pathophysiology	09:50
Carcinoma of the Breast: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:09
Gynecomastia	05:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Breast Pathology“

Introduction to Male Reproductive Pathology	03:58
Penis Disorders: Types and Clinical Representation	13:25
Cryptorchidism	03:58
Varicocele	09:21
Testicular Torsion	03:54
Scrotal Mass, Congenital- & Acquired Hydrocele and Spermatocele	03:26
Testicular Cancer	02:38
Types of Germ Cell Tumors (GCT)	06:42
Types of Non Germ Cell Tumors	02:46
Prostatitis and Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology	05:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Male Reproductive System Diseases“

Control of Adult Male Hormonal Secretion	06:53
Leydig and Sertoli Cells	03:30
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis	07:43
Hypogonadism	03:13
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis Differentials	05:06
Male Hypogonadism	05:55
Gynecomastia	04:57
Erectile Dysfunction & Peyronie's Disease	08:23
Diagnoses of Reproductive Syndromes & Deficiencies	17:11
Hermaphroditism	03:01
Diagnoses of Reproductive Hormone Disorders– Reproductive Pathology	10:45
5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency	02:43
Androgen Receptor Antagonists	02:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Hormone Disorders“

Overview – Reproductive Pharmacology	02:03
Estrogens and Progestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	11:49
Anti-Estrogens and Antiprogestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	09:38
Androgens and Antiandrogens	06:53
Questions and Case Studies – Reproductive Pharmacology	05:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Pharmacology“

Introduction – Psychological Disorders (PSY)	02:31
Understanding Psychological Disorders: Biomedical vs. Biopsychosocial Approaches – Psychological Disorders (PSY)	05:09
Understanding Psychological Disorders: Classifying – Psychological Disorders (PSY)	02:58
Types of Psychological Disorders – Psychological Disorders (PSY)	00:53
Anxiety – Psychological Disorders (PSY)	04:50
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder – Psychological Disorders (PSY)	05:32
Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders – Psychological Disorders (PSY)	06:26
Mood, Dissociative and Personality Disorders – Psychological Disorders (PSY)	16:10
Biological Bases of Nervous System Disorders – Psychological Disorders (PSY)	15:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Psychological Disorders“

Development Milestones: General Facts	01:29
Newborn: Apgar Score and Low-Birth Weight	07:35
Changes to the Body	12:30
Milestones of Various Ages: Comparison	09:23
Common Causes of Death (U.S.)	03:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Human Development“

Stages of Sleep – Consciousness (PSY)	10:30
Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Dreaming – Consciousness (PSY, BIO)	06:51
Sleep-Wake Disorders – Consciousness (PSY)	13:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Sleep and Sleep Disorders“

Drug Addiction and the Reward Pathway of the Brain – Consciousness (PSY)	04:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Drug Addiction“

Suicidal Patients (Emergency Medicine)	03:45
Methods of Suicide	03:46
Suicidal Patients: Diagnosis	02:32
Suicidal Patients: Management	02:38
Suicidal Patients: Documentation and Disposition	03:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Suicide“

Desire, Arousal and Orgasm	03:43
Female Sexual Dysfunction	04:30
Sexual Assault	07:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Human Sexuality“

Alcohols – Drugs of Abuse	06:10
Opioid Analgesics – Drugs of Abuse	05:49
Caffeine and Nicotine – Drugs of Abuse	02:41
Amphetamines – Drugs of Abuse	04:13
Cocaine – Drugs of Abuse	04:18
Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates and Ethanol – Drugs of Abuse	03:49
Hallucinogens: Psychodelics, Dissociatives and Deliriants – Drugs of Abuse	07:55
Inhalants: Anesthetics, Industrial Solvents and Organic Nitrites – Drugs of Abuse	05:33
Acetaminophen and Steroids – Drugs of Abuse	05:32
Drug Schedules and Controlled Substances – Drugs of Abuse	02:03
Cannabinoids: Introduction – Drugs of Abuse	09:04
Cannabinoids: Consumption and Hyperemesis Syndrome – Drugs of Abuse	07:19
Cannabinoids: Methods of Ingestion – Drugs of Abuse	30:34
Harm of Each Drug Type – Drugs of Abuse	06:24
Guidelines for Cannabinoid Use – Drugs of Abuse	03:51
Effects of Unrefined Marijuana – Drugs of Abuse	06:16
Cannabinoids: THC and CBD – Drugs of Abuse	09:58
Cannabinoids: Summary – Drugs of Abuse	02:19
Carbon Monoxide and Dioxins – Toxic Substances	02:41
Asbestos, PCB's, Herbicides & Pesticides – Toxic Substances	07:20
Toxicology Questions & Case Studies	09:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Toxicology“

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Pediatrics	03:25
ADHD in Pediatrics: Diagnosis	03:42
ADHD in Pediatrics: Management	03:25
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)	04:29
Vaccine-Autism-Connection and Clinical Diagnosis	06:01
Sleep Problems in Children	04:15
Baby Colic and Breath Holding Spells	06:39
Toilet Training	03:05
Enuresis	04:15
Encopresis	04:00
Quiz zum Kurs „Child Development and Behavior“

Habituation and Dishabituation	05:06
Classical Conditioning – Associative Learning (PSY, BIO)	09:44
Cognitive and Biological Processes That Affect Associative Learning – Associative Learning (PSY, BIO)	06:28
Operant Conditioning – Associative Learning (PSY, BIO)	13:53
Observational Learning (PSY)	06:44
Theories of Attitude and Behavior Change (PSY)	06:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Learning and Behavior Modification“

Behavioral Theories and Sigmund Freud	05:23
Mature Defenses	02:51
Neurotic Defenses	04:52
Immature Defenses	02:47
Other Defenses	03:48
Overview of Personality Disorders	07:22
Cluster A Personality Disorders	10:43
Cluster B Personality Disorders	12:23
Cluster C Personality Disorders	08:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Personality Disorders“

Overview of Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs – Sedative Hypnotics	08:02
Benzodiazepines – Sedative Hypnotics	04:59
Barbiturates – Sedative Hypnotics	02:03
Atypical Sedative Drugs	08:11
Questions – Sedative Hypnotics	02:44
Case Study – Sedative Hypnotics	02:43
Overview – Antidepressants	02:11
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Antidepressants	03:36
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) – Antidepressants	03:10
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs)	06:43
SNRIs, Serotonin Antagonists and SSRIs – Antidepressants	09:07
Review – Antidepressants	01:07
Antidepressants: Case Study	02:29
Overview – Antipsychotics	01:27
Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Dopamine – Antipsychotics	02:55
Bipolar Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	05:24
Psychotic Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	03:10
Clinical Uses of Antipsychotics and Drug Induced Dyskinesia	03:27
Questions – Antipsychotics	02:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Psychopharmacology“

Introduction to Kinetics | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:46
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	03:51
pKa and Drug Solubility – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	09:10
Drug Distribution – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	09:00
Phases of Drug Development – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:47
Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	06:46
Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	12:02
Introduction and Definitions of Pharmacodynamics – Pharmacodynamics	02:19
Drug Receptors and Effectors – Pharmacodynamics	03:00
Upregulation and Downregulation – Pharmacodynamics	00:53
Dose-Response, Binding, Quantal, Toxicity & Potency Curves – Pharmacodynamics	10:24
Introduction esp. Types of Eliminations – Elimination Kinetics	03:45
First Pass Metabolism – Elimination Kinetics	02:55
Bioavailability incl. Case Study – Elimination Kinetics	02:35
Dosage Calculation: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose – Elimination Kinetics	07:39
Intravenous vs. Oral Medications – Elimination Kinetics	01:16
Renal Clearance – Elimination Kinetics	05:18
Case Study: Correction for Renal Disease	10:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics“

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Overview	05:39
Dual Innervation	03:31
Alpha- and Beta-Blockers	04:19
Sympathetic Blockers	04:20
Sympathomimetic Activators	05:07
Sympathomimetic Effects	12:09
Global Effect of Sympathomimetic Drugs on the Vascular System	04:46
Cholinomimetic Activators and Effects	09:01
Cholinergic Toxicity, Myasthenic Crisis and Cholinergic Crisis	03:11
Anticholinergic Drugs	06:29
Quiz zum Kurs „ANS - Pharmacology“

Overview of Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs – Sedative Hypnotics	08:02
Benzodiazepines – Sedative Hypnotics	04:59
Barbiturates – Sedative Hypnotics	02:03
Atypical Sedative Drugs	08:11
Questions – Sedative Hypnotics	02:44
Case Study – Sedative Hypnotics	02:43
Overview – Antidepressants	02:11
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Antidepressants	03:36
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) – Antidepressants	03:10
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs)	06:43
SNRIs, Serotonin Antagonists and SSRIs – Antidepressants	09:07
Review – Antidepressants	01:07
Antidepressants: Case Study	02:29
Overview – Antipsychotics	01:27
Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Dopamine – Antipsychotics	02:55
Bipolar Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	05:24
Psychotic Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	03:10
Clinical Uses of Antipsychotics and Drug Induced Dyskinesia	03:27
Questions – Antipsychotics	02:39
Dopamine and Disease – Medication of Movement Disorders	03:53
Dopamine Precursors and Agonists – Treatment of Movement Disorders	06:36
MAO and COMT Inhibitors – Treatment of Movement Disorders	02:55
Amantadine and Anticholinergics – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:17
Medications for Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorders	09:29
Overview – Antiseizure Medications	05:19
Treatment Strategies – Antiseizure Medications	09:45
Levetiracetam (Keppra) – Antiseizure Medications	01:25
Questions – Antiseizure Medications	03:36
Overview – Anesthetic Drugs	00:55
Inhaled Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:52
General Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:07
Intravenous Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	03:29
Case Study – Anesthetic Drugs	02:02
Overview – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	01:48
Neuromuscular Blockers – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	07:05
Acute and Chronic Muscle Spasms – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	05:04
Questions – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	06:12
Overview – Local Anesthetics	05:39
Esters and Amides – Local Anesthetics	05:28
Overview – Opioid Analgesics	02:38
Opioid Agonists – Opioid Analgesics	05:38
Mixed Agonists/Antagonists and Antagonists – Opioid Analgesics	04:26
Questions – Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics	05:52
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS - Pharmacology“

Alcohols – Drugs of Abuse	06:10
Opioid Analgesics – Drugs of Abuse	05:49
Caffeine and Nicotine – Drugs of Abuse	02:41
Amphetamines – Drugs of Abuse	04:13
Cocaine – Drugs of Abuse	04:18
Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates and Ethanol – Drugs of Abuse	03:49
Hallucinogens: Psychodelics, Dissociatives and Deliriants – Drugs of Abuse	07:55
Inhalants: Anesthetics, Industrial Solvents and Organic Nitrites – Drugs of Abuse	05:33
Acetaminophen and Steroids – Drugs of Abuse	05:32
Drug Schedules and Controlled Substances – Drugs of Abuse	02:03
Cannabinoids: Introduction – Drugs of Abuse	09:04
Cannabinoids: Consumption and Hyperemesis Syndrome – Drugs of Abuse	07:19
Cannabinoids: Methods of Ingestion – Drugs of Abuse	30:34
Harm of Each Drug Type – Drugs of Abuse	06:24
Guidelines for Cannabinoid Use – Drugs of Abuse	03:51
Effects of Unrefined Marijuana – Drugs of Abuse	06:16
Cannabinoids: THC and CBD – Drugs of Abuse	09:58
Cannabinoids: Summary – Drugs of Abuse	02:19
Carbon Monoxide and Dioxins – Toxic Substances	02:41
Asbestos, PCB's, Herbicides & Pesticides – Toxic Substances	07:20
Toxicology Questions & Case Studies	09:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Toxicology“

Introduction to High Blood Pressure Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Diuretics – Drugs in Hypertension	08:44
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone – Drugs in Hypertension	08:59
Vasodilators – Drugs in Hypertension	06:35
Alpha Agonists – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Beta Blockers – Drugs in Hypertension	05:00
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors – Drugs in Hypertension	01:21
Lines of Therapy – Drugs in Hypertension	07:16
Pulmonary Hypertension Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	11:32
Questions and Case Studies – Drugs in Hypertension	05:27
Introduction – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:32
Nitrates – Heart Failure and Angina Management	05:25
Cardiac Depressants and Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:51
Metabolic Modifiers and Slow Sodium Channel Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:09
Inotropes – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:17
Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	03:05
Renin-Angiotensin Agents and Beta Blockers – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:12
Slow Sodium Channel and Neprilysin Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	08:58
Questions – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:36
Introduction – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	00:48
Group 1: Sodium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:59
Group 2: Beta Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:25
Group 3: Potassium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:25
Group 4: Calcium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	02:08
Group 5: Other Antiarrhythmics – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:39
Questions – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:51
Bile Acid Sequestrants, Niacin and Fibrates – Lipid Control	05:55
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors – Lipid Control	08:38
Fat Absorption and MTP Inhibitors – Lipid Control	02:28
PCSK9 Inhibitors – Lipid Control	07:46
Questions – Lipid Control	03:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Pharmacology“

Overview: Coagulant Drugs	00:55
Antiplatelets	07:38
Anticoagulants	10:02
Thrombolytics and Procoagulants	05:32
Questions: Coagulant Drugs	03:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacology of Blood Coagulation“

Introduction to Insulin	04:13
Insulin Types and Glycemic Excursions – Diabetes Medications	08:37
Secretagogues and Biguanides – Diabetes Medications	04:47
Metformin, Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors and Thiazolidinediones — Diabetes Medications	05:40
DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Analogues — Diabetes Medications	04:30
SGLT2 Inhibitors – Diabetes Medications	12:20
Case Studies – Diabetes Medications	01:59
Diabetes Medications – Summary	02:18
Overview – Adrenal Pharmacology	00:44
Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids – Adrenal Pharmacology	07:51
Catecholamines – Adrenal Pharmacology	02:40
Questions and Case Studies – Adrenal Pharmacology	05:11
Drugs for Hypothyroidism – Thyroid Medications	07:43
Drugs for Hyperthyroidism – Thyroid Medications	11:43
Hormonal Regulators: PTH and Vitamin D – Bone and Calcium Medications	06:44
Hormonal Regulators: Calcitonin, Estrogen and Glucocorticoids – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:20
Non-hormonal Regulators: Bisphosphonates, Fluoride and Calcimimetics – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:41
Biological Agents: RANKL Inhibitors – Bone and Calcium Medications	10:37
Case Studies – Bone and Calcium Medications	03:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Pharmacology“

Overview – Reproductive Pharmacology	02:03
Estrogens and Progestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	11:49
Anti-Estrogens and Antiprogestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	09:38
Androgens and Antiandrogens	06:53
Questions and Case Studies – Reproductive Pharmacology	05:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Pharmacology“

Pharmacology of Inflammation	07:26
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)	05:11
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)	03:12
COX-2 Inhibitors	02:14
Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Agents (DMARDS)	06:36
Immunosuppressive Drugs: Overview	06:19
Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 Inhibitor – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:39
T-Cell and B-Cell Inhibitors – Immunosuppressive Drugs	08:39
Case Study – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:57
Gout Medication: Colchicine, Uric Acid and More	06:16
Inflammation Pharmacology Questions	05:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammation Pharmacology“

Asthma Medications	02:01
Bronchodilators	03:13
Corticosteroids	02:03
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists	01:32
Release Inhibitors and IgE-Antibody-mediated Therapy	03:52
Biological Agents: Monoclonal Antibodies	02:05
Asthma Medication Questions	02:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Pharmacology“

Stomach Ulcer (Peptic Acid Disease) Medication	07:02
Motility Disorder Medication	07:38
Nausea Medication: Antiemetics – Gastrointestinal Drugs	05:40
Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) and Gallstone Prevention – Gastrointestinal Drugs	02:41
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Medication	02:25
Questions and Case Studies: GERD Medications	02:06
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Medication	11:03
Questions and Case Studies: Steroids, Cyclosporine and Crohn's Disease	07:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Pharmacology“

Overview – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	08:02
Penicillins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	10:00
Cephalosporins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:51
Penems – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Monobactams, Cyclic Lipopeptide and Polypeptide – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:13
Glycopeptide and Intracellular Agents – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:30
Overview – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:38
Linezolid, Streptogramins and Chloramphenicol – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:14
Macrolides and Ketolides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Tetracyclines – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:30
Aminoglycosides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:26
Quiz Questions and Case Studies – Antibacterial Agents (Antibiotics)	07:33
Overview – Antimetabolites	11:06
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim and Fluoroquinolones – Antimetabolites	07:37
Case Studies – Antimetabolites	03:39
Overview – Antimycobacterial Agents	02:24
First-line Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	14:51
Other Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	05:02
New Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	04:57
Treatment Regimens for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	06:29
Treatment Regimens for Leprosy and Other Infections – Antimycobacterial Agents	03:36
Case Studies – Antimycobacterial Agents	08:22
Overview – Antifungals	00:42
Azoles – Antifungals	04:14
Polyenes – Antifungals	04:25
Flucytosine (5-Fluorocytosine/5-FC) – Antifungals	06:37
Griseofulvin and Squalene Epoxidase Inhibitor (Terbinafine) – Antifungals	02:01
Echinocandins – Antifungals	06:09
Questions – Antifungals	02:56
Overview of Antiviral Activity – Antiviral Drugs	02:49
Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	07:27
CCR5 – Antiviral Drugs	02:00
Anti-HIV Agents: Entry Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	06:34
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NsRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	06:54
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	03:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	04:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:55
Anti-HIV Agents: Maturation Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:53
Anti-HIV Agents: Protease Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	06:30
Anti-HIV Agents: Other Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	02:05
Case Studies about Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	03:21
Anti-Herpes Agents: Thymidine Kinase Agents – Antiviral Drugs	08:04
Anti-Herpes Agents: Foscarnet – A pyrophosphate analog	04:19
Influenza Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	07:25
Hepatitis Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	06:45
Overview – Antiviral Agents and Treatment of CMV Retinitis – Antiviral Drugs	01:48
Case Studies – Antiviral Drugs	09:07
Antimalarial Drugs – Antiprotozoal Agents	13:04
Amebicides – Antiprotozoal Agents	08:20
Nematicides – Anthelmintic Drugs	05:28
Trematocides (Praziquantel) and Cestodicides (Niclosamide) – Anthelmintic Drugs	02:15
Questions – Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs	03:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Antimicrobial Pharmacology“

Types of Topical Medications	04:57
Stable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	06:59
Unstable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	03:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Topical Medications“

Quiz zum Kurs „Doctoring 1 - Block 2 - Mechanism and Disease: Section 1“