Phase I - Didactic: Year 1 - Spring Semester: Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology I

Frameworks of Cellular Pathology	12:54
Mechanisms of Cell Injury	07:06
Subcellular Organization	04:57
Basic Cell Housekeeping Functions	04:24
Phospholipids in Cell Membranes	08:18
Membrane Proteins	04:09
Resulting Condition: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria	04:09
Membrane Proteins Provide Cellular Structure	01:54
Resulting Condition: Hereditary Spherocytosis	03:27
Resulting Condition: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	04:24
Plasma Membrane Proteins Create Unique Domains	02:05
Cell Polarity	02:43
Movement of Ions and Small Molecules Across Membranes	03:31
Gibbs-Donnan Effect with Example of RBCs in Hyper- or Hypotonic Solutions	03:55
Resulting Condition: Cystic Fibrosis	06:12
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Potocytosis	03:17
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Pinocytosis	05:57
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Phagocytosis	01:34
Movement of Large Molecules Across Membranes: Exocytosis	02:49
Movement of Large Molecules Across Membranes: Transcytosis	02:18
Gap Junctions	02:21
Signaling Pathways	06:15
Wnt/beta-catenin Signaling Pathway with Resulting Condition: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli	03:25
Cytoskeleton: Actin Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubule	04:59
Cell-cell Junctions and Cell-matrix Junctions	03:56
Motor Proteins: Kinesin and Dynein	02:05
Cilia and Flagella Movement	02:30
Resulting Condition: Kartagener’s Syndrome	01:53
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response	05:46
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesis of Lipids and Hormones and Solubilization	02:59
Targeted Protein Degradation	06:21
Responding to Hypoxia	03:08
Resulting Condition: von-Hippel-Lindau Disease	02:22
Phagocytosis	01:13
Resulting Condition: Tay-Sachs Disease	04:05
Autophagy	02:06
Resulting Condition: Huntington's Disease	02:45
Mitochondria: ATP Production and Apoptosis	07:47
Cell Nucleus	03:09
Resulting Condition: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria	03:05
Basic Cell Housekeeping Functions: Summary	02:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Housekeeping Functions“

Overview of Cellular Injury	10:27
Etiologies of Cellular Injury: Introduction	03:25
Hypoxia – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	02:25
Chemical Agents – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	04:13
Infectious Agents – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	03:21
Mechanisms of Cellular Injury: Introduction	03:23
ATP Depletion – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	04:22
Loss of Calcium Homeostasis	03:11
Oxygen Free Radicals – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	06:02
Generation of Free Radicals – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	02:51
Free Radicals Effect on Cellular Activities	03:07
Free Radical Protection – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	01:59
Mitochondria in Cellular Injury	01:11
Ischemia-reperfusion Injury	02:52
Cell Injury and Adaptation: Introduction	03:09
Atrophy and Autophagy	11:26
Hypertrophy	02:43
Hyperplasia	01:44
Metaplasia	03:47
Subcellular Responses to Injury: Heat Shock Proteins	06:58
Reversible Cellular Injury	05:12
Irreversible Cellular Injury	04:39
Function vs. Morphology of Cellular Injury	03:05
Necrosis: Cellular Homicide	11:07
Apoptosis: Physiology and Pathology	06:38
Apoptosis: Mechanism	09:54
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis	03:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Injury“

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation	07:59
Innate Inflammation	02:53
Inflammation: Cardinal Signs and Components	04:50
Vascular Response to Acute Inflammation	08:45
Vascular Changes during Acute Inflammation	06:28
Cellular Response: Introduction	05:50
Acute Inflammation Triggers	02:28
Neutrophil Rolling	05:04
Neutrophil Activation and Adhesion	04:41
Inflammatory Chemokines	03:38
Neutrophil Transmigration	03:23
Neutrophil Chemotaxis	05:57
Sterile Necrosis	04:00
Phagocytosis: Leukocyte Killing	05:58
Leukocyte Mediators: Arachidonic Acid Metabolites	07:35
Complement System – Protein Effector Cascades	06:54
Kinin and Coagulation Factors – Protein Effector Cascades	04:44
Summary of Acute Inflammation: Cardinal Signs	01:05
Defects in Acute Inflammation	04:57
Overview of Chronic Inflammation and Repair	08:40
Beginning of Chronic Inflammation and Repair	02:21
Resolution of Acute Inflammation	03:09
Going from Acute to Chronic Inflammation	03:11
Outcomes of Injury and Chronic Inflammation	06:06
Important Cells in Chronic Inflammation	01:53
Role of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in Chronic Inflammation	07:38
Different Macrophage Populations	05:27
Accumulating Macrophages in the Tissue	03:06
Granulomatous Inflammation: Causes	04:19
Role of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in Lymphocyte-macrophage Activation	07:48
Inflammation and Parenchymal Regeneration	03:00
Cell Growth and Differentiation – Parenchymal Regeneration	05:21
Cell Proliferation and Healing-injury in Regenerating Tissue – Parenchymal Regeneration	02:59
Inflammation and Repair by Scarring – Parenchymal Regeneration	05:37
Angiogenesis in Wound Healing	07:53
Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Wound Healing	02:08
Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in Extracellular Matrix Remodelling	08:03
Injury in Non-regenerating Tissue	02:48
Primary vs. Secondary Healing	06:32
Complications of Healing: Overview	05:44
Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology	04:10
Complications of Wound Healing	03:42
Outcomes of Injury	01:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Acute and Chronic Inflammation“

Hemostasis: Introduction and Examples	09:02
Normal Hemostasis	07:03
Role of Platelets in Hemostasis	09:01
Coagulation Cascade	09:29
Coagulation Process and Regulation	05:58
Endothelium Promotes and Inhibits Thrombosis	08:43
Thromboregulation	05:33
Thrombolysis	05:23
Normal Hemostasis: Summary	01:32
Coagulation Screening and Platelet Disorders	04:57
Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)	07:22
Bleeding Disorders: Platelet Count, Defects, and Factor Deficiencies	05:49
Virchow's Triad – Thrombotic Disorders	05:56
Septic Shock and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) – Thrombotic Disorders	05:53
Hereditary and Acquired Hypercoagulable States	07:46
Anticoagulation Therapy	08:28
Therapeutic Clot Lysis or Stabilization	03:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Hemostasis“

Introduction to Atherosclerosis	08:32
Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors	09:15
Plaque Distribution and Athero-​protective and Athero-prone Waveforms	06:49
Response-to-Injury Hypothesis	06:25
Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis	05:12
Atherosclerosis and Wound Healing	03:50
Vascular Remodeling: Glagov Phenomenon	08:01
Plaque: Structure and Rupture	09:22
Vascular Pathologies and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms	04:44
Atherosclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	06:58
Introduction to Ischemia and Infarct	04:38
Myocardial Infarct: Timing and Biomarkers	07:56
Myocardial Infarct: Tissue Patterns and Cellular Injuries	08:51
Myocardial Infarct: Healing and Granulation of Tissue	06:18
Myocardial Infarct: Complications	05:28
Cerebral Infarct: Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)	03:56
General Concepts for Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarct	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Atherosclerosis“

Basic Concepts of the Immune System	05:26
Innate and Adaptive Immunity	05:55
Innate Immunity: The Mast Cells	04:35
Innate Immunity: The Natural Killer Cells	02:24
Innate Immunity: Complement	04:48
Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Antibodies	07:24
Adaptive Immunity: T Cells	07:10
Cytokines in Adaptive Immunity	03:24
Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction	08:19
Type I Hypersensitivity: Manifestations	04:06
Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction	06:13
Type II Hypersensitivity: Examples	07:31
Introduction to Type III Hypersensitivity	03:56
Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions	05:08
Type III Hypersensitivity: Manifestations in Different Diseases	10:49
Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction: CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cells	10:04
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Role of CD4+ T Cells in Delayed Hypersensitivity	09:08
Autoimmunity	05:23
Tissue Reaction to Foreign Bodies	04:48
Cell-mediated Injury: Polyclonal Activation by Superantigens	02:45
Summary of How Immune Responses Can Be Harmful	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Immune-mediated Diseases“

Fundamental Concepts of Microorganisms	10:57
Classes of Infectious Agents	01:22
Viral Infections	03:53
Infections by Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae	03:43
Other Types of Bacterial Infections: Classification, Morphology, and Gram Stain	03:44
Infections by Bacteria in Different Groups: Eubacteria, Actinomycetales and Spirochaetes	06:01
Fungal Infections	03:25
Infections by Protozoa and Helminths	05:34
Prions – Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy	04:48
Microbial Transmission and Microbial Virulence	06:19
Host Susceptibility and Host Barriers	03:23
Host Barriers – Skin and Respiratory Tract	05:42
Host Barriers – Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tracts	05:21
Host Barriers: Immune System	06:09
Pathology Directly Related to Infection	05:11
Infections Resulting in Neoplastic Growth	02:12
Exotoxins and Endotoxins	05:18
Septic Shock: Excess of Inflammatory Mediators	04:03
Infection-induced Immune Injury	06:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Host–pathogen Interaction“

Neoplasia: Definitions	05:04
Molecular Basis of Cancer	07:25
Hallmarks of Cancer	04:34
Normal Cell Division: Gene Transcription and Mitosis Induction	02:11
Normal Cell Cycle	04:55
Cyclins and Cyclin-dependent Kinases	03:42
Cell Cycle Regulation	04:34
P53: Guardian of the Genome	02:29
Cell Cycle: RB Locks the Cycle	04:42
P53 in DNA Damage Responses: Repair vs. Apoptosis	04:08
Classes of Genes Relevant to Cancer	03:50
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes	09:24
DNA Repair Genes	03:53
Apoptosis-related Genes	04:18
Telomerase and MicroRNAs	10:16
Etiology of Genetic Alterations in Cancer	08:32
How Human Papilloma Virus Causes Cancer	03:06
The APC Gene in Colorectal Cancer	03:57
Heterogeneity Within a Malignant Tumor	03:52
Cancer Stem Cells	04:57
Summary of the Molecular Basis of Cancer	03:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplasia“

Origin and Evolution of Neoplastic Cells: Overview	04:35
Stromal Matrix and Angiogenesis in Healing Wounds	13:22
Tumor Angiogenesis	05:41
Tumors: Wounds that Do Not Heal	08:26
Tumor Invasion and Metastasis: Overview	04:38
Tumor Invasion into Stroma and Lymphovascular Spaces	04:10
Anti-tumor Immunity and Immune Evasion by Tumor	05:45
Tumor Cell Egress from Lymphovascular Spaces, and Metastatic Spread	05:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumor-host Interactions“

Paraneoplastic Syndromes (PNS): Overview	05:16
Hypercoagulability as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:57
Hypercalcemia as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:01
Cachexia as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:11
Pituitary Adenoma as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:26
Carcinoid Syndrome – A Paraneoplastic Syndrome	03:58
Amyloidosis and Pheochromocytoma as Paraneoplastic Syndromes	04:21
Local Cancer Growth and Invasion	06:21
Metastases from Prostate Cancer: Autopsy Findings	07:08
Side Effects of Chemotherapy: Overview	06:37
Tumor Lysis Syndrome	02:56
Chemotherapy Effects on Bone Marrow and Testes	01:56
Lymphedema and Radiation Heart Disease	02:47
Cancer Immunotherapy	01:47
Infectious Complications of Chemotherapy	01:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Cancer Morbidity and Mortality“

Tumor Nomenclature	06:52
Differences Between Benign and Malignant Tumors	07:08
Cytologic and Histologic Features of Malignant Tumors	05:56
Dysplasia, Carcinoma in Situ, and Invasive Carcinoma	10:14
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:08
Tumor Grading	05:19
Tumor Staging	04:49
Role of the Pathologist in Diagnosing Malignancy	07:30
Types of Neoplasms, and Making a Diagnosis	10:11
Characterization of a Malignancy by Histotype, Cytogenetics, and Molecular Features	02:51
Predictive/Therapeutic Markers	08:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Surgical Pathology of Tumors“

Review of Anatomy of the Eye	05:33
Lacrimal Apparatus and Extraocular Muscles – Anatomy Review	05:18
Innervation of the Ocular Muscles – Anatomy Review	03:12
Emmetropia and Ametropia – Anatomy and Physiology Review	06:14
Saggital Section of the Eye – Anatomy Review	05:18
Anterior Segment of the Eye – Anatomy Review	10:47
Posterior Segment of the Eye and Fundoscopic Exam – Anatomy Review	08:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Ophthalmology“

Blepharitis – Diseases of the Eyelids	09:13
Chalazion – Diseases of the Eyelids	02:31
Hordeolum (Stye) – Diseases of the Eyelids	03:53
Conjunctivitis: Introduction and Etiologies	06:57
Conjunctivitis: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment	05:34
Dacryocystitis	07:46
Amblyopia and Strabismus	07:06
Cranial Nerve Palsies	04:37
Quiz zum Kurs „External Eye Diseases“

Corneal Diseases	06:48
Pupillary Control – Physiology Review	04:29
Marcus Gunn Pupil and Argyll Robertson Pupil – Pupillary Disorders	05:09
Intraocular Pressure – Physiology Review	06:25
Glaucoma: Types	09:10
Glaucoma: Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis	05:34
Uveitis: Types	03:39
Uveitis: Etiologies	04:05
Uveitis: Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment	03:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Anterior Chamber and Uvea“

Optic Disorders and Visual Field	11:21
Diabetic Retinopathy: Classification and Pathophysiology	07:26
Diabetic Retinopathy: Signs and Diagnosis	05:09
Retinopathy of Prematurity	05:44
Hypertensive Retinopathy	04:55
Retinal Vessel Occlusion	05:23
Age-Related Macular Degeneration	02:19
Macular Degeneration	07:51
Retinal Detachment	09:28
Retinitis Pigmentosa and Optic Neuritis	07:50
Cataracts	08:45
Endophthalmitis	03:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Posterior Segment Eye Diseases“

Corneal Abrasion and Ulcer – Traumatic Injuries	05:46
Fracture of the Orbit – Traumatic Injuries	03:25
Retinoblastoma: Epidemiology, Mortality Rate and Etiology	03:10
Retinoblastoma: Proliferation and Types	07:34
Retinoblastoma: Signs, Symptoms and Diagnosis	03:25
Ocular Melanomas	06:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma and Neoplasms of the Eye“

Arteries and Veins: Structure and Characteristics	11:36
Resistance and Capacitance Vessels	09:53
Collateral Circulations	04:49
Portal and Dual Circulations	07:25
Functions of the Endothelium	06:48
Types of Endothelium	04:02
Introduction to the Anatomy of the Heart	03:52
Elements of the Heart: Chambers and Vessels	04:32
Elements of the Heart: Collateral Circulation, Valves and Conduction System	09:33
Myocardium	03:53
Sarcomere	05:25
Valves of the Heart	03:56
Coronary Vasculature and Conduction System of the Heart	04:49
Basic Response to Vascular Injury	06:49
Quiz zum Kurs „Structure-Function Relationships in the Cardiovascular System“

Blood Pressure Regulation	06:43
Pathophysiology of Hypertension	08:58
Hypertension: Epidemiology, Classification and White Coat Hypertension	03:37
Hypertension: Pathology, Clinical Features and Complications	06:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Hypertension“

Introduction to Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection	06:43
Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Medial Architecture	08:30
Aneurysm: Definition and Classification, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm	02:07
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm	10:28
Aortic Dissection: Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathology	06:47
Aortic Dissection: Stanford Classification, Signs and Symptoms, Consequences and Diagnostics	09:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Aortic Disease“

Antiendothelial Cell Antibodies and Circulating Immune Complexes – Vasculitis	07:55
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies and Cell-mediated Vasculitis – Vasculitis	04:52
Giant Cell Aortitis and Takayasu Arteritis	06:07
Giant Cell Arteritis	04:23
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) and Kawasaki Disease	05:16
Polyarteritis Nodosa, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) and Microscopic Polyangiitis	06:32
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome and Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease	05:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis“

Varicose Veins: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	08:56
Deep Venous Thrombosis	07:55
Trousseau Syndrome	01:11
Portal Venous Hypertension, Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes	06:21
Lymphangitis, Lymphedema and Other Disorders of Lymphatic Vessels	06:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Vein and Lymphatic Pathology“

Cardiac Pathology: Overview	06:52
Heart Failure: Introduction	09:43
Heart Failure: Pathophysiology	08:07
Heart Failure: Epidemiology and Patterns of Hypertrophy	03:47
Left-sided and Right-sided Heart Failure	10:33
Heart Failure: Diagnostics and Treatment	04:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Failure“

Ischemic Heart Disease: Etiology and Epidemiology	04:44
Factors that Contribute to Coronary Atherosclerosis	06:54
Cardiac Syndromes	04:00
Stable, Prinzmetal and Unstable Angina	05:57
Ischemic Heart Disease: Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology	04:08
Ischemic Heart Disease: Plaque Changes and Adaptive Mechanisms	04:38
Pathology of Intervention	12:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Ischemic Heart Disease“

Conducting System of the Heart	06:32
Arrhythmia: Definition, General Categories and Clinical Manifestations	05:56
Acquired Arrhythmia	10:37
Inherited Arrhythmia	06:20
Sudden Cardiac Death	08:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Arrhythmia“

Regurgitation and Clinical Consequences – Valvular Heart Disease	08:33
Etiology – Valvular Heart Disease	07:10
Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations – Calcific Aortic Stenosis	09:31
Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Mitral Annular Calcification	02:46
Mitral Valve Prolapse	04:47
Etiology and Diagnostics – Rheumatic Heart Disease	03:56
Pathogenesis and Clinical Features – Rheumatic Heart Disease	08:18
Definition and Etiology – Infective Endocarditis	04:14
Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Clinical Manifestations – Infective Endocarditis	08:53
Marantic and SLE-associated Endocarditis and Carcinoid Heart Disease	06:54
Prosthetic Valves	03:47
Definition and Pathogenesis – Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:40
Systemic (Left-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	05:15
Pulmonary (Right-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Valvular and Hypertensive Heart Disease“

Cardiomyopathy: Definition and Types	06:30
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis	07:02
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology	08:34
Peripartum and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy	08:08
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Morphology, Clinical Manifestations, and Complications	04:38
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Etiology and Variants	06:05
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	06:49
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Complications, Morphology, and Histology	03:32
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy	05:57
Cardiac Amyloidosis, Endomyocardial Fibrosis, and Loeffler Endomyocarditis	08:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiomyopathy“

Myocarditis: Definition and Etiology	06:17
Myocarditis: Pathophysiology and Pathology	03:52
Myocarditis: Manifestations, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostics, and Management	04:32
Definition and Etiology – Pericarditis	06:56
Classification of Acute Pericarditis	05:29
Clinical Manifestations and Management – Pericarditis	03:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Myocarditis and Pericarditis“

S1 and S2	05:09
S3 and S4	06:21
Dynamic Auscultation	11:51
Respiratory Variation	08:30
Auscultation Areas	14:14
Rapid Squatting	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Sounds“

Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	04:45
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Upper Portion	07:48
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Middle Portion	03:32
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Respiratory Zone	07:50
Dyspnea: Definition	05:21
Dyspnea: Causes	04:54
Dyspnea: History	02:36
Cough: Definition and History	03:14
Cough: Pearls	03:17
Wheezing	02:33
Hemoptysis	02:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Pulmonary Pathology“

Chest X-ray – Diagnostic Imaging	02:19
Chest CT Scan – Diagnostic Imaging	03:35
Alveolar Infiltrate – Diagnostic Imaging	05:27
Nodules – Diagnostic Imaging	02:44
Arterial Blood Gases – Laboratory Diagnostics	02:48
Acidosis and Alkalosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	14:40
Metabolic Acidosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:41
Davenport Diagram – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:45
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 1 and 2 – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:49
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 – Laboratory Diagnostics	09:52
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 (cont'd) – Laboratory Diagnostics	10:48
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3a – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:40
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 4 – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:02
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 5 – Laboratory Diagnostics	05:49
Assessing Lung Function – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:53
Alveolar Gas Equation – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:05
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) – Laboratory Diagnostics	07:43
Spirometry – Laboratory Diagnostics	06:35
Loop Spirometries – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:15
Other Spirometry Patterns – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:05
Diffusion Capacity – Laboratory Diagnostics	03:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Diagnostics“

Respiratory Failures: Introduction	02:59
Acute Hypoxemic	04:54
Acute Hypercapnic	11:22
Respiratory Failures: Treatment	05:57
Mechanical Ventilation	06:19
Assisted Control – Modes of Ventilation	05:07
Modes of Ventilation: Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation	01:58
Modes of Ventilation: Pressure Support	06:27
Modes of Ventilation: Mechanical Ventilation Goals	05:13
Modes of Ventilation: Ventilator Airway Pressure	03:27
Modes of Ventilation: Auto-PEEP	05:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Failures“

Obstructive Lung Disease: Pathogenesis	01:32
Obstructive Lung Disease: Signs and Symptoms	05:07
Obstructive Lung Disease: Areas	05:58
GOLD Algorithm	01:54
Emphysema: Introduction	02:52
Emphysema: Pathogenesis A	10:33
Emphysema: Pathogenesis B	09:35
Emphysema: Signs and Symptoms	08:23
Emphysema: Diagnosis	05:20
Chronic Bronchitis: Introduction	01:32
Chronic Bronchitis: Pathogenesis	09:17
Chronic Bronchitis: Differential Diagnosis	07:21
Chronic Bronchitis: Multistep Approach	05:34
Asthma: Introduction	02:20
Asthma: Signs and Symptoms	03:06
Asthma: Differential Diagnosis	04:15
Asthma: Risk Factors & Prevention	03:39
Asthma: Diagnosis	04:38
Asthma: Treatment	08:24
Bronchiectasis: Pathogenesis	05:57
Bronchiectasis: Differential Diagnosis	04:46
Bronchiectasis: Cystic Fibrosis	06:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Obstructive Lung Disease“

Restrictive Lung Disease: Introduction	11:33
Flow Volume Spirometry	05:40
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (IIP)	01:44
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Pathogenesis	03:04
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Signs and Symptoms	05:23
Sarcoidosis: Introduction	01:07
Sarcoidosis: Pathogenesis	06:25
Sarcoidosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:02
Connective Tissue Disease: Overview	03:26
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP)	02:55
Lung Pathology in Lupus and in Rheumatoid Arthritis	03:10
Scleroderma	03:27
Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis	01:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Restrictive Lung Disease“

Occupational Lung Disease: Overview	05:58
Asbestosis: Introduction	08:03
Asbestosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:54
Berylliosis	06:18
Silicosis	04:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Occupational Lung Diseases“

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis): Overview and DIagnosis	12:23
Eosinophilic Lung Disease (ELD)	12:43
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Pathogenesis	07:18
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Differential Diagnosis	02:36
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: TTN, RDS and PPHN	15:05
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Signs, Symptoms, Definition, Treatment	04:30
Pulmonary Embolism: Pathogenesis	04:16
Pulmonary Embolism: Clinical Findings	04:31
Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Factors	04:28
Pulmonary Embolism: Prevention	01:51
Pulmonary Embolism: Signs & Symptoms	02:23
Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnosis	07:32
Pulmonary Embolism: Treatment	02:50
Pulmonary Hypertension	02:43
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 1 & 2	06:15
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 3 & 4	04:14
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pneumothorax	09:47
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pleural Effusion	04:54
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Physical Findings of the Lung	07:39
Sleep Apnea: Definition	03:28
Pneumothorax, Pleural Effusion & Obstructive Sleep Apnea	03:06
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Differential Diagnosis	03:33
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Treatment	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation and the Respiratory Regulation“

Lung Cancer: Definition	01:12
Small Lung Cancer	08:11
Adenocarcinoma	05:59
Squamous Cell Carcinoma	03:00
Large Cell Carcinoma	01:12
Bronchial Carcinoid	04:06
Mesothelioma	05:20
Lung Nodules and Cancer	03:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Lung Cancer “

Hypovolemic Shock	08:06
Cardiogenic and Obstructive Shock	06:29
Distributive Shock	05:31
Approach to Shock	00:48
Poisoning and Overdose	05:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Critical Care“

Renal Patho-Embryology	06:46
Horseshoe Kidney	03:36
Unilateral Renal Agenesis	02:15
Potter's Syndrome	06:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Renal Pathology“

Tubulointerstitial Pathology	08:58
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)	03:30
Chronic Kidney Disease	05:30
Algorithm of Acute Renal Injury	13:40
Urinalysis, Acute Renal Failure & Atheroembolism	03:48
Chronic Renal Failure	05:30
Pathophysiology of Renal Failure	07:31
Acute Interstitial Nephritis	01:30
Acute Tubular Necrosis	05:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Tubulointerstitial Diseases“

Glomerular Disorders	05:59
Electron Microscopy	04:27
Pathogenesis of Glomerular Disease	06:35
Mechanisms Producing Glomerular Disease	02:08
Types of Glomerular Diseases	00:51
Nephritic Syndrome	04:44
IgA Nephopathy	05:24
IgA Nephropathy	04:44
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis	04:36
Non-Streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis	02:21
Alport Syndrome	01:37
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis	03:41
Subendothelial IC Deposition Viewed With EM	01:22
Rapidly Progressive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis	04:37
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (rpgn) & Subtypes	05:59
Goodpasture's Syndrome	03:21
SLE Related Kidney Disease	04:13
ANCA Associated Vasculitis	02:40
Nephrotic Syndrome	05:16
Minimal Change Disease	06:15
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis	05:28
Membranous Nephropathy	06:01
Overview of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	01:54
Classification of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:53
Type I Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	04:27
Type II Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:22
Summary of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	02:51
Diabetic Glomerulopathy esp. Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease	10:40
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis and Renal Amyloidosis	03:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Glomerulonephritis“

Renal Dysplasia	02:40
Autosomal Recessive Disease (Juvenile)	04:54
Autosomal Dominant Disease	05:57
Additional Cystic Diseases of the Kidney	03:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Cystic Diseases (Renal Cystic Pathology)“

Renal Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	01:26
Filtration Barrier	06:52
Structure of the Glomerulus	10:59
Clinical Anatomy of the Glomerular Apparatus	05:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Clinical Anatomy“

Urinalysis: Introduction	17:23
Chemical Dipsticks: pH & Protein	03:35
Chemical Dipsticks: Glucose & Ketones	07:20
Chemical Dipsticks: Bilirubin & Urobilirubin	08:22
Chemical Dipsticks: Diseases and Steps in Metabolism	05:13
Chemical Dipsticks: Blood & Nitrates	08:48
Cells in Urine Sediment	04:10
Casts in Urine Sediment	07:35
Crystals in Urine Sediment	02:25
Various Morphology on Urinalysis	07:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinalysis“

Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Overview	05:11
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Etiology	10:02
Actions of ADH: Diabetes Insipidus (DI)	06:38
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Management	12:29
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Differentials	04:55
Quiz zum Kurs „(Nephrogenic) Diabetes Insipidus (DI)“

Regulation of ADH: Response to Water Deprivation	06:45
Regulation of ADH: ADH Secretion	06:08
Regulation of ADH: Volume vs. Osmolarity	04:38
Regulation of ADH: Significance of Clearance of Water	05:16
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)	07:32
Quiz zum Kurs „SIADH“

Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Water & Sodium Pathophysiology	04:10
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Changes in ECF Volume	05:51
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Plasma Osmolality (POsm)	12:45
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Clinical Volume Dynamics	23:16
Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic Disorders	08:12
Dehydration: Isotonic Fluid Disorders	06:02
Hypotonic Fluid Disorders	12:00
Dehydration: Summary of Isotonic and Hypotonic	04:33
Hypertonic Fluid Disorders	11:51
Review	04:13
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation of Water and Sodium Balance	01:26
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Key Points	03:11
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation Wheels	06:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Overview	00:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Crystalloids	03:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Colloids	04:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Saline: Clinical Terminology	08:09
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Distribution of IVFs	06:23
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IV Fluid: 'd5w'	03:22
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IVFs Summary	09:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Fluid and Electrolyte Balance“

Overview: Proximal vs. Distal Nephron	03:27
Tubular Transport by Nephron Segment	28:01
Tubular Secretion	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Nephron	11:50
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Convoluted Tubular Mechanics	12:49
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Correlations	16:31
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Clinical Effects	09:14
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Pathology	07:05
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Fanconi Syndrome	06:26
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Hartnup Disease	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Type 2 (Proximal) RTA	03:52
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Tubular Transport	07:07
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Bartter and Gitelman Syndrome	07:54
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Antenatal Bartter Syndrome	11:01
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Gitelman Syndrome	06:10
Collecting Duct (CD): Transport Mechanism	03:16
Collecting Duct (CD): Different Channels in Different Ducts	03:51
Collecting Duct (CD): Role of Aldosterone	03:54
Collecting Duct (CD): Atpase Pump	02:55
Collecting Duct (CD): Other Renal Tubular Acidoses	09:39
Collecting Duct (CD): Conn's Syndrome	10:15
Collecting Duct (CD): Summary of Clinical Findings	07:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Nephron“

Introduction to Renal Blood Flow	08:40
Renal Functional Anatomy	07:39
Renal Corpuscle – Juxta-glomerular Apparatus	06:50
Tubuloglomerular Feedback	02:58
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 1	12:09
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 2	08:59
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System	11:54
Basics of Creatinine	07:13
Clinical Application of Creatinine: Overview	08:00
Creatinine Clearance – Clinical Application of Creatinine	05:25
Causes of Increased and Decreased Ccr	07:41
Experimental Calculations of Renal Function (Part 1)	13:45
Overview and Calculations – Renal Glucose Transport and Reabsorption	21:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Diagnostics“

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Role of Calcium	05:00
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphate	03:07
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Uric Acid	03:09
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Clinical Correlation	02:23
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Shock Wave Lithotripsy	02:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephrolithiasis“

Gastroschisis	10:01
Omphalocele	04:35
Congenital Umbilical Hernia	03:06
Intestinal Malrotation	10:20

Sialolithiasis	06:24
Sialoadenitis	05:55
Salivary Gland Tumors	06:23

Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia	11:05
Dysphagia	10:01
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)	11:01
Esophagitis	06:53
Esophageal Tears and Perforations	05:28
Esophageal Motility Disorders	16:49
Esophageal Diverticula	06:37
Esophageal Carcinoma	11:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Esophagus“

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis	05:55
Gastritis	16:47
Peptic Ulcer Disease	17:48
Gastric Cancer	15:54
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)	06:41
Gastric Lymphoma (MALToma)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Stomach“

Jejunal and Ileal Atresia	03:02
Hirschsprung Disease	11:26
Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology	07:41
Celiac Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:31
Tropical Sprue	07:36
Lactose Intolerance	07:17
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	07:43
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:29
Short Bowel Syndrome and Bile Acid Malabsorption	10:54
Whipple Disease	07:35
Diarrhea: Etiology	10:07
Diarrhea: Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation	09:51
Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:54
Crohn Disease	11:33
Ulcerative Colitis	10:17
Differentiation of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease	09:19
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	08:30
Volvulus	07:15
Intussusception	06:05
Bowel Obstruction	10:46
Appendicitis	07:26
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis	09:22
Meckel Diverticulum	06:32
Angiodysplasia	05:20
Mesenteric Ischemia	10:37
Necrotizing Enterocolitis	07:36
Colonic Polyps: Types and Polyposis Syndromes	11:39
Colonic Polyps: Diagnosis and Management	12:27
Colorectal Cancer	09:30
Anal Fissure	05:24
Perianal and Perirectal Abscess	05:52
Rectal Prolapse	05:24
Hemorrhoids	07:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Small and Large Intestines Disorders“

Acute Liver Disease	04:46
Cirrhosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	11:04
Cirrhosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	08:18
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency	10:02
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	10:46
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:46
Wilson Disease	08:43
Introduction to Viral Hepatitis	02:07
Hepatitis A	02:42
Hepatitis B	04:55
Hepatitis C	03:35
Hepatitis D	02:31
Hepatitis E	01:48
Autoimmune Hepatitis	05:05
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	12:47
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	10:14
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	11:47
Reye Syndrome	05:17
Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Veno-occlusive Disease (VOD)	12:03
Benign Liver Tumors	11:46
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Liver Metastases	14:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Hepatobiliary System“

Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)	10:55
Hyperbilirubinemia of the Newborn	10:04
Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia Syndromes	08:53
Biliary Atresia	06:12
Choledochal Cysts	05:22
Cholelithiasis	10:19
Cholecystitis	11:17
Cholangitis	08:13
Cholangiocarcinoma	06:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Biliary Tract“

Annular Pancreas	03:04
Acute Pancreatitis	10:25
Chronic Pancreatitis	06:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pancreas“

Pituitary Hormones	15:34
Cell Surface Receptors	17:19
Steroid Hormone Receptors	06:41
Hormone Binding Proteins	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to the Endocrine System“

Actions of ADH	05:24
Dysregulation of ADH	04:02
Central Diabetes Insipidus	09:03
SIADH: Clinical Presentation	05:55
SIADH: Diagnosis and Treatment	05:09
Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) Differential Diagnoses	09:43
Cell Types	03:46
Types of Peptide Hormones	11:25
Hypothalamic Hormones	10:13
Hypopituitarism	12:35
Pituitary Apoplexy and Sheehan’s Syndrome	04:08
Pituitary Sellar Masses	09:24
Hyperprolactinemia	20:52
Control of Growth Hormone Release	11:26
Acromegaly (Growth Hormone Excess)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Pituitary Gland Disorders“

Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis (HPT-Axis)	07:19
Thyroid Hormone Function	18:51
Thyroid Function Tests	02:58
Euthyroid Hyperthyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	08:48
Euthyroid Hypothyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	07:08
Differential Diagnoses & T3-Resin Uptake – Euthyroid Conditions	06:43
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst	03:59
Introduction & Graves' Disease – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	09:51
Graves' Disease: Treatment – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	06:58
Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	13:10
Amiodarone-induced Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	04:30
Thyroid Storm & Subclinical Hyperthyroidism – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	11:42
Introduction – Hypothyroidism	09:31
Hashimoto’s Disease – Hypothyroidism	03:12
Hypothyroidism	05:25
Diagnostic Tests – Hypothyroidism	05:18
Goiter and Thyroid Nodules	06:22
Thyroid Adenomas and Thyroid Carcinomas	07:06
Types of Thyroid Carcinoma	09:12
Maternal-Fetal Thyroid Pathology	11:36
Differential Diagnoses – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	05:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Thyroid Gland Disorders“

Introduction & Hypothalamus – Adrenal Cortex	17:58
Overview of the Adrenal Gland – Adrenal Cortex	04:09
Cortisol and Aldosterone Synthesis – Adrenal Cortex	05:15
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) – Adrenal Cortex	09:35
Adrenal Incidentalomas – Adrenal Cortex	03:14
Hyperaldosteronism	09:51
Hypoaldosteronism	06:40
Introduction to Cortisol and Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	07:29
Introduction to Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	17:50
Screening Tests for Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	05:22
Management of Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	03:39
Adrenal Insufficiency: Definition & Etiology	07:40
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome & Addison´s Disease – Adrenal Insufficiency	07:28
Diagnosis – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:26
Glucocorticoids in Pharmacology – Adrenal Insufficiency	01:31
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:05
Sympathoadrenal System and Catecholamine – Adrenal Medulla	04:41
Pheochromocytoma – Adrenal Medulla	09:12
Hereditary Disorders: Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome, Sturge-Weber-Syndrome, Neuroblastoma, MEN2A & MEN2B – Andrenal Medulla	05:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Adrenal Gland Disorders“

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	06:55
Gastrinoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	03:08
Glucagonoma (Alpha Cell Tumor) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	00:59
VIPoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	02:02
Endocrine Pancreas and Control of Insulin – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	08:04
Glucose Homeostasis – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:44
Mechanism of Insulin Action & Types of Metabolism – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	05:56
Glucagon: Actions and Effects from α-Cells – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:13
Overview of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:02
Types of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	10:00
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	04:07
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:38
Secondary Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	06:14
Metabolic Syndrome – Hyperglycemia	01:18
Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	04:31
Acute and Chronic Diabetes Complications	04:22
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) – Diabetes Complications	13:18
Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic State – Diabetes Complications	02:38
Diabetic Retinopathy (Diabetic Eye Disease) – Diabetes Complications	06:32
Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease) – Diabetes Complications	04:11
Diabetic Neuropathy: Autonomic Neuropathy – Diabetes Complications	10:59
Diabetes Skin Manifestations: Acanthosis Nigricans and Necrobiosis Lipoidica – Diabetes Complications	02:06
Insulin: Therapy and Types – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	09:16
Dawn Phenomenon	01:41
Treatment of Insulin Overdose – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	04:54
Retired - Oral Agents for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	00:13
Glucose Monitoring: Glucometer and Hemoglobin A1C – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	01:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Pancreatic Disease and Diabetes“

Overview of Calcium Metabolism Disorders	08:36
Hypercalcemia: Definition & Clinical Manifestation	03:49
Hypercalcemia: Types & Causes	05:35
Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Effects of Hyperparathyroidism	05:07
Clinical Features of Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica	03:20
Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism	03:08
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (THPT)	05:50
Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia and Knowledge Check	04:31
Treatment of Severe Hypercalcemia	01:48
Hypocalcemia: Differential Analysis of Causes	04:16
Hypoparathyroidism	04:21
Pseudohypoparathyroidism	02:47
Acute Hypocalcemia	03:29
Vitamin D Deficiency: Vitamin D Production and Effects	02:04
Rickets	02:28
Differential Analysis of Vitamin D Dysfunction and Deficiency	04:35
Interpretation of Serum Calcium and Serum Phosphate Levels	01:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Parathyroid Gland Disorders“

Osteoporosis: Introduction & Causes	03:31
Osteoporosis: Risk Factors	01:09
Osteoporosis: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis	05:21
Osteoporosis: Treatment and Management	04:40
Paget's Disease of Bone	10:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Bone Disease“

Introduction to Female Reproductive Pathology esp. the Vulva	01:01
Vestibular Glands: Bartholin Cyst & Vestibular Adenitis	01:25
Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Simplex Chronicus	04:16
Condyloma Acuminatum	02:44
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia & Extramammary Paget´s Disease	04:49
Vaginal Cancer	02:43
Normal Cervix	01:50
Cervical Histology	03:15
Cervical Cancer: Pathogenesis	06:29
Cervical Cancer: Risk Factors	05:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of Vulva, Vagina and Cervix“

Candidiasis	02:08
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)	01:54
Trichomonas Vaginalis	01:39
Gardnerella Vaginalis	02:34
Treponema Pallidum and Primary Syphilis	02:27
Secondary, Tertiary and Congenital Syphilis	05:31
Haemophilus Ducreyi – Morphology	01:07
Chlamydia Trachomatis	01:54
Gonorrhea	02:50
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	01:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)“

Anatomy of the Normal Uterus	01:39
Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding	04:40
Anovulatory Cycle	03:19
Endometrial Polyp	00:31
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:22
Endometrial Hyperplasia	02:59
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma	02:40
Endometriosis	08:26
Inflammation of the Fallopian Tube	01:35
Tumors and Cysts in the Fallopian Tube	01:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Uterine and Fallopian Tube Disease“

Benign Cysts	01:34
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOS)	07:28
Ovarian Tumors	01:59
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Epithelial Tumors	07:40
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Endometrioid Tumors	00:53
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Germ Cell Tumors	02:35
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Mature Teratoma	03:42
Yolk Sac Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumor)	01:00
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Choriocarcinoma	01:24
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors & Granulosa-Theca Tumor	05:32
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Metastatic Ovarian Tumors	01:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Ovarian Diseases“

Miscarriage/Spontaneous Abortion	01:17
Ectopic Pregnancy	04:13
Placental Abnormalities	06:55
Abruptio Placentae	00:55
Preeclampsia	02:59
Hydatidiform Mole	07:10
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)	01:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Pregnancy Complications“

Nipple Discharge	03:36
Breast Imaging: Mammography	04:50
Mastitis: Inflammatory Disorder of the Breast	07:31
Fibroadenoma	03:30
Fibrocystic Breast Changes	06:31
Carcinoma of the Breast: Epidemiology	08:52
Carcinoma of the Breast: Pathophysiology	09:50
Carcinoma of the Breast: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:09
Gynecomastia	05:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Breast Pathology“

Introduction to Male Reproductive Pathology	03:58
Penis Disorders: Types and Clinical Representation	13:25
Cryptorchidism	03:58
Varicocele	06:10
Testicular Torsion	03:17
Scrotal Mass, Congenital- & Acquired Hydrocele and Spermatocele	03:30
Testicular Cancer	02:38
Types of Germ Cell Tumors (GCT)	06:42
Types of Non Germ Cell Tumors	02:46
Prostatitis and Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology	05:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Male Reproductive System Diseases“

Control of Adult Male Hormonal Secretion	06:53
Leydig and Sertoli Cells	03:30
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis	07:43
Hypogonadism	03:13
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis Differentials	05:06
Male Hypogonadism	05:55
Gynecomastia	04:56
Erectile Dysfunction & Peyronie's Disease	08:23
Diagnoses of Reproductive Syndromes & Deficiencies	17:11
Hermaphroditism	03:01
Diagnoses of Reproductive Hormone Disorders– Reproductive Pathology	10:45
5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency	02:43
Androgen Receptor Antagonists	02:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Hormone Disorders“

Anemia: Definition	03:55
Anemia: Overview	08:31
Anemia: Iron Studies	03:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Red Blood Cell Disorders“

Iron Deficiency Anemia: Introduction	02:46
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Etiology	05:14
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Signs and Symptoms	02:54
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Iron Studies	07:08
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Pathogenesis	02:59
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Clinical Pathology	03:57
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Iron Studies	07:09
Sideroblastic Anemia: Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Bone Marrow	17:47
Sideroblastic Anemia: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Iron Studies	05:30
Alpha Thalassemia: Etiology	11:59
Alpha Thalassemia: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	04:03
Alpha Thalassemia: Pathogenesis	02:55
Alpha Thalassemia: Clinical Pathology	05:07
Beta Thalassemia: Etiology and Pathogenesis	08:05
Beta Thalassemia: Morphology and Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	04:15
Beta Thalassemia: Clinical Pathology	01:07
Microcytic Anemia: Summary	01:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Microcytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Macrocytic Anemia: Introduction and Etiology	02:56
Megaloblastic Anemias	03:33
Biochemistry of Megaloblastic Anemia	16:04
Classification and Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies	08:07
Vitamin B12 Metabolism	03:49
Folate Deficiency	02:54
Macrocytic Anemia: Clinical Pathology	07:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Macrocytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Normocytic Anemia: Overview	09:37
Normocytic Anemia: Classification	02:06
Non-hemolytic Anemias	01:39
Hypocellular Bone Marrow	00:39
Acute Blood Loss	03:59
Bone Marrow Failure (BMF)	05:11
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia	01:47
Normal vs. Hypocellular Bone Marrow	01:34
Causes of Bone Marrow Failure (BMF)	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Normocytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Hemolytic Anemia: Overview	04:02
Hemolytic Anemia: Classification	03:22
Extravascular Hemolysis	03:33
Intravascular Hemolysis	01:56
Hemolytic Anemia: Clinical Features	01:17
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Etiology	02:39
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Pathogenesis	04:50
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Clinical Pathology	01:27
G6PD Deficiency: Etiology	02:39
G6PD Deficiency: Pathophysiology	08:15
G6PD Deficiency: Biochemistry of G6PD	03:20
G6PD Deficiency: Clinical Pathology	00:59
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Etiology	03:57
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Pathophysiology	03:53
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Clinical Pathology	01:46
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Pnh Lab Tests	04:34
Sickle Cell Anemia: Etiology	02:18
Sickle Cell Anemia: Pathogenesis	06:10
Sickle Cell Anemia: Vaso-occlusive Crisis	02:01
Sickle Cell Anemia: Clinical Pathology and Diagnosis	03:58
Sickle Cell Anemia: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	01:25
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Etiology	02:28
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Pathogenesis	05:07
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Morphology and Clinical Pathology	01:32
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia: Etiology	03:33
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia: Pathogenesis and Morphology	01:35
Micro- and Macroangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia esp. schistocytes	02:40
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Overview of Immune Hemolytic Anemias	01:57
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Direct and Indirect Coombs' Test	06:11
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Comparison of Direct and Indirect Coombs' Test	05:02
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Etiology	01:27
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Pathogenesis	03:25
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Clinical Features	01:00
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (CAIHA): Etiology, Pathogenesis and Clinical Pathology	05:20
Drugs That Cause Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia	05:05
Malaria	02:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Hemolytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Lymphadenopathy: Introduction – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:02
Lymphadenopathy: Lymphoid Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:31
Lymphadenopathy: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:13
Lymphadenopathy: Follicular Lymphoma and Lymphoid Hyperplasia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:57
Lymphadenopathy: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:48
Lymphadenopathy: Burkitt Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:50
Lymphadenopathy: Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin's Disease) – White Blood Cell Pathology	09:18
Lymphadenopathy: Reed-Sternberg Cells – White Blood Cell Pathology	08:03
Lymphadenopathy: Plasma Cell Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:52
Lymphadenopathy: Multiple Myeloma (Introduction)	03:03
Lymphadenopathy: Serum Protein Electrophoresis – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:16
Lymphadenopathy: Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:13
Lymphadenopathy: Plasmacytoma, MGUS and Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	07:58
Lymphadenopathy: Splenomegaly – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:12
Lymphadenopathy: Thymus Disorders – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:30
Lymphadenopathy: Thymoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Lymphadenopathy – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Leukocytosis and Leukopenia – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:44
Neutrophilic Leukocytosis – White Blood Cell Pathology	12:05
Lymphocytosis – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:52
Neutropenia and Lymphopenia – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Quantitative White Blood Cell Disorders – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Leukemia: Acute Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:03
Leukemia: Hematopoiesis – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:49
Leukemia: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:22
Leukemia: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:37
Leukemia: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:17
Leukemia: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:30
Leukemia: Polycythemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	12:55
Leukemia: Types of Leukemia incl. Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) and Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:38
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: MTX, 5-FU, 6-MP, 6TG & Ara-C – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:11
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin etc. – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Stroke: Introduction	02:40
Ischemic Stroke	03:28
Ischemic Stroke: Characteristics	03:50
Embolism	09:45
Ischemic Stroke Syndromes	03:55
Acute Stroke: Evaluation and Workup	06:53
Ischemic Stroke: Treatment	11:18
Hemorrhagic Stroke	08:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)“

Cerebral Aneurysm: Introduction	06:39
Cerebral Aneurysm: Diagnostic Workup	03:06
Cerebral Aneurysm: Treatment	04:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Cerebral Aneurysm (Intracranial Aneurysm)“

Increased Intracranial Pressure: Introduction	05:24
Brain Herniation	04:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)“

Trauma: Introduction	10:48
Trauma: Epidural and Subdural Hematoma	05:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma“

Spinal Cord Pathology: Introduction	06:34
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Spinal Cord Pathology“

Headache: Introduction	03:36
Acute Headache: Meningitis and Temporal Arteritis	06:55
Acute Headache: Hypertensive Urgency and Cluster Headache (Horton's Syndrome)	05:29
Acute Headaches: Venous Sinus Thrombosis	03:12
Sub-Acute Headache, Chronic Headache and Migraine	06:09
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension	04:29
Brain Tumor and Tension Headaches	04:21
Other Types of Headache	03:19
Indications of Brain Imaging in Headache	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Headache – Pathophysiology“

Seizures: Introduction	02:32
Seizures: Types	05:33
Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures	04:16
Evaluation of the First Non-Febrile Seizure and Childhood Epilepsy	02:40
Epilepsy Syndromes	04:09
Adult Epilepsy	01:49
Antiepileptic Drugs	10:51
Special Considerations, Status Epilepticus, and Summary	04:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Seizures“

CNS Infections: Introduction	02:13
Acute Meningitis	10:23
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Age	03:07
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Head Trauma	03:57
Acute Viral Meningitis	03:17
Tuberculous Meningitis	05:39
Chemical Meningitis, Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis, Neurosyphilis, Lyme Disease	10:21
Fungal and Cryptococcus	04:36
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, Neurocysticercosis and Parasitic Meningoencephalitis	08:39
Brain Abscess	02:21
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: HSV-1 and HSV-2	09:04
HIV-associated Meningoencephalitis	04:33
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (Prion Disease) and Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infections - Clinical Neurology“

Multiple Sclerosis: Introduction	03:29
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Pathology, Location of Lesions	05:57
Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	04:32
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Transverse Myelitis and Central Pontine Myelinolysis	05:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Multiple Sclerosis“

Dementia: Introduction	06:44
Alzheimer's Disease	07:36
Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology and Treatment	10:55
Other Causes of Dementia	12:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Dementia“

Radial Nerve Injury	05:48
Median Nerve Injury	03:19
Ulnar Nerve Injury	03:13
Femoral Nerve Injury	04:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Mononeuropathy“

Polyneuropathy: Introduction	06:11
Metabolic Neuropathies and Diabetic Neuropathy	04:57
Hereditary, Toxic and Infectious Neuropathy	04:17
Entrapment, Compressive and Peripheral Neuropathy	05:03
Neuromuscular Junction and Myasthenia Gravis	06:54
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and Botulinum Toxin	05:42
Myopathy Junction and Dystrophinopathies	05:35
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies and Channelopathies	06:05
Mitochondrial, Inflammatory, Endocrine and Drug Induced Myopathies	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Polyneuropathy“

Tumors of the CNS: Introduction	06:41
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Astrocytoma	05:48
Neuroepithelial Tumors	07:43
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Oligodendroglioma	07:59
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Medulloblastoma	04:00
Meningeal Tumors: Meningioma	05:51
Other Primary CNS Tumors	08:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of the CNS“

Movement Disorders: Introduction	08:45
Parkinson's Disease	06:39
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Degeneration and Multiple System Atrophy	05:25
Huntington's Disease (Huntington's Chorea)	04:10
Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Movement Disorders“

Altered Mental Status and Coma: Introduction	06:48
Coma and Brainstem Reflexes	04:12
Brain Death, Decorticate Posturing, Persistent Vegetative State and Locked-In Syndrome	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Altered Mental Status and Coma“

Vertigo: Introduction	02:17
Dix-Hallpike & Epley Maneuver Test	04:43
Syncope	02:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vertigo and Dizziness“

Sleep Stages	02:13
Sleep Disorders (Dyssomnias)	06:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Sleep“

Embryogenesis	03:33
Cerebral Palsy, Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder	03:19
Development Regression, Neurocutaneous Disorders and Tuberous Sclerosis	05:12
Neurofibromatosis, Hypotonia and Childhood Neurodegenerative Disorders	05:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Neuropathology“

Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain)	06:58
Neuromuscular Disease	08:58
Plexopathy	03:02
Mononeuropathy	02:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Diseases: Hydrocephalus, Neuromuscular Disease, Plexopathy, and Mononeuritis“

General Terminology	03:21
Other General Dermatologic Terminologies	02:05
Acne Vulgaris	10:33
Rosacea	06:40
Seborrheic Dermatitis	06:11
Atopic Dermatitis	08:32
Ichthyosis Vulgaris	01:01
Allergic Contact Dermatitis	03:27
Lichen Simplex Chronicus (LSC)	03:37
Lichen Planus	02:32
Hives (Urticaria)	03:35
Angioedema	04:43
Alopecia Areata (AA)	04:17
Psoriasis	09:38
Pityriasis Rosea	03:27
Morphea	03:19
Erythema Nodosum	02:38
Erythema Multiforme	05:44
Pemphigus Vulgaris	06:52
Bullous Pemphigoid	02:43
Immunofluorescence Diagnosis in Vesiculobullous Dermatitis	03:33
Nikolsky's Sign	01:02
Lupus Erythematosus	04:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammatory Skin Diseases“

Folliculitis	03:54
Verruca (Plantar Wart)	05:34
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)	02:54
Primary Varicella (Chickenpox) and Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)	03:26
Erysipelas and Molluscum Contagiosum	03:43
Herpes Simplex (HSV)	03:05
Impetigo (School Sores) and Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)	02:27
Tinea Infections (Ringworm): Tinea Corporis and Tinea Capitis	04:52
Onychomycosis (Nail fungus) and Scabies (Sarcoptic Mange)	04:03
Syphilis	04:47
Erythema Migrans (Lyme Disease) and Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)	02:57
Toxic Shock Syndrome and Necrotizing Fasciitis (Flesh-Eating Disease)	02:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Infectious Skin Diseases“

Melasma (Chloasma)	02:22
Vitiligo	01:06
Albinism (Achromasia)	02:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Skin Diseases“

Dermatofibroma (Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma)	01:40
Seborrheic Keratosis (Seborrheic Eczema) and Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis)	03:30
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC, Basal Cell Cancer)	04:23
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC, Squamous Cell Cancer)	05:10
Actinic Cheilitis	00:34
Mycosis Fungoides	03:55
Benign Nevus and Dysplastic Nevus	08:16
Malignant Melanoma	07:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplastic Skin Diseases“

Rheumatology: Introduction and Overview	05:41
Osteoarthritis (OA)	03:35
Osteoarthritis (OA): Pathogenesis	07:42
Crystalline Arthropathies: Gout / Pseudogout	07:03
Tophaceous Gout	08:48
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease	06:00
Septic Arthritis	10:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction and Non-Autoimmune Arthritis“

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies & Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)	11:03
Reactive vs. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)	11:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Seronegative Spondylarthropathies“

Approach to Rheum Labs: Anti-nuclear Antibody Speciation	10:25
Further Rheum Labs	03:59
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis	08:38
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Signs and Symptoms	10:50
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	06:17
Systemic Sclerosis: Limited vs. Diffuse	09:13
Sjögren Syndrome	06:22
Inflammatory Myopathies, Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis	06:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Connective Tissue Diseases“

Vasculitis: Introduction	06:05
Large Vessel Vasculitides: Takayasu	04:58
Medium Vessel Vasculitides: Polyarteritis Nodosa	07:18
ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	13:24
Non-ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	07:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis: Basic Principles with Carlo Raj“

Dystrophin-associated Protein Complex	09:45
Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy	11:36
Myotonic Dystrophy and Ion Channel Myopathy	09:18
The Neuromuscular Junction	05:29
Myasthenia Gravis: Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome	07:08
Introduction to Soft Tissue Pathology: Tumors in Lipid Tissue	07:14
Fibroblast, Muscle Tissue & Synovial Cell Sarcoma	10:12
Primary vs. Specific Amyloidosis	08:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Muscle and Soft Tissue: Pathology“

Introduction to Physiology	05:25
Homeostasis: Definition & Level of Organization	09:15
Control and Regulation	07:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Physiology – Introduction & Central Principles“

Cell Membranes & Organelle Membranes	05:03
Lipid Bilayer: Structure & Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid	07:49
Aquaporin (AQP): Definition, Structure & Function	03:57
Ion Channels: Definition, Types & Function	04:43
ATPases	06:35
Solute Carriers (SLC Transporters)	06:38
Cell Signaling	04:11
Cell Signaling: Signal Reception	09:37
Extracellular & Intracellular Signaling: Receptor Modifications	03:30
Signal Amplification & Dissemination	07:23
Membrane Potential: Ion Concentration	03:57
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) & Intracellular Fluid (ICF)	07:36
Ion Manipulation	04:51
Action Potential	05:33
Surface Modifications of Epithelial Cells	07:18
Membrane and Transepithelial Potential	03:50
Fenestration & Endothelial Transport	05:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Membrane Physiology“

Introduction to Body Temperature Regulation	04:39
Body Temperature Evaluation	04:06
Circumventricular Organs (CVOs) & Blood-Brain Barrier	05:44
Hypothalamus: Body Temperature Regulation	03:15
Hyperthermia (Heat Stroke): Causes & Symptoms	02:52
Temperature Measurement	05:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Body Temperature Regulation“

Review of [H⁺] and pH	05:20
Blood pH: Acidosis & Alkalosis – Acid Base Balance	03:20
Acids, Bases and Buffers	04:27
Buffer: Definition & Titration Curves	03:40
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: Examples	01:53
ph Adjustment: Acid Handling	05:28
Renal reabsorption of HCO3 – Acid Base Balance	03:39
Titratable Acids	04:14
Ammonia: NH₃ & NH₄	03:25
Acid-Base Box	04:36
Respiratory Acidosis & Alkalosis	12:05
Metabolic Acidosis & Alkalosis	06:35
Anion Gap & Osmolar Gap	04:57
Renal Tubular Acidosis: Types & Acid-Base Summary	07:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Acid-Base Balance“

Nerves and Neurotransmission	05:06
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP) and Binding	05:03
Action Potential: Propagation and Myelin	06:06
Glial Cells and Astrocyte Assisted Activities	04:36
Vision: Structure and Function of the Eye	03:52
Vision: Lens, Pupil and Humors	07:11
Vision: Photoreception	04:36
Vision: Signal Termination and Convergence	08:05
Hearing: Hearing Structure and Function	08:43
Hearing: Hair Cells and Semicircular Channels	05:35
Balance: Vestibular Structure and Function	04:12
Balance: Otolith Organs	04:02
Taste-Receptors: Types, Structure, Function & Taste Transduction	07:15
Smell: Transduction and Integration	03:34
Muscle Nerve Fiber Properties	07:42
Renshaw Cells and Muscle Reflexes	03:32
Cutaneous Sensory Afferents	01:57
Mechanoreceptors: En- & Unencapsulated	07:59
Free Nerve Ending (FNE)	05:57
Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	09:03
Hypothalamus and Brainstem	04:03
Circumventricular Organs (CVO's) and Cerebral Spinal Fluid	06:39
Effectors of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	05:39
Autonomic Nervous System: GI Tract and Other Tissues	06:22
Autonomic Nervous System: Skin Appendages and Other Tissues	04:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurophysiology“

Bone: Structure and Function	07:53
Bone Remodeling	07:20
Control and Regulation of Calcium and Phosphorus	05:51
Types of Muscle Contractions	03:27
Initiation of Muscle Contraction	03:21
Cross-bridge Cycling	02:55
Force Production and Motor Unit	04:31
Muscle Fiber Types and Properties	06:17
Smooth Muscles: Location and Types	03:00
Smooth Muscles: Structure Function	07:06
Smooth Muscles: Contraction and Relaxation	09:09
Quiz zum Kurs „Musculoskeletal Physiology“

Cardiac Pacemakers – Heart Rate and Electricity	03:54
Membrane Potential – Heart Rate and Electricity	05:54
Pacemaker Potential and Pacemaker Cells – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:54
Para- and Sympathetic Control of the Heart Rate – Heart Rate and Electricity	06:49
Influence on Pacemaker Activity – Heart Rate and Electricity	04:02
Heart Rate Ranges and Gap Junction Channels – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:49
Non-Pacemaker Action Potential – Heart Rate and Electricity	04:35
Myocyte Conduction Pathway and Atrioventricular Block (AV) – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:52
Ectopic Foci and Abnormal Conduction – Heart Rate and Electricity	02:08
Electrocardiogram (ECG): Definition, Function & Basic Principles – Electrocardiogram	02:39
Sequence of Depolarization – Electrocardiogram	07:52
ECG Tracing: Definitions and Related Cardiac Timing – Electrocardiogram	03:55
ECG Tracing: Normal Intervals – Electrocardiogram	08:05
Mean Electrical Axis and Determining Axis on ECG – Electrocardiogram	05:56
ECG Abnormalities – Electrocardiogram	05:55
Systole and Diastole – Cardiac Cycle	01:42
Isovolumetric Contraction: LV Phases— Cardiac Cycle	06:12
Atrial Systole and Diastole – Cardiac Cycle	02:52
Complete Picture of the Cardiac Cycle – Cardiac Cycle	04:11
Intracardiac and Vascular Heart Pressure – Cardiac Cycle	04:08
Heart Sounds – Cardiac Cycle	05:07
Cardiac Output, Flow, Pressure and Resistance Theory – Cardiac Mechanics	03:23
Preload and the Frank-Starling Law – Cardiac Mechanics	09:15
Afterload – Cardiac Mechanics	05:30
Inotropy: Definition, Regulation and Effects – Cardiac Mechanics	08:08
Frank-Starling Curve and Atrial Dynamics – Cardiac Mechanics	04:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiac Physiology“

Flow, Pressure and Resistance Theory – Blood Vessels and Pressure (Hemodynamics)	03:47
Fluid Movement Resistance, Laminar and Turbulent Blood Flow – Blood Vessels and Pressure	04:18
Blood Flow and Velocity – Blood Vessels and Pressure	02:38
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) – Blood Vessels and Pressure	04:28
Vascular Anatomy – Blood Vessels and Pressure (Hemodynamics)	10:14
Local Factors of Arterial Pressure – Blood Vessels and Pressure	06:31
Neurohumoral Factors of Arterial Pressure– Blood Vessels and Pressure	05:04
Baroreceptor Reflex – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	05:59
Brain Regions and Autonomic Control – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	02:52
Baroreflex & Baroreceptor Function Alteration, Resetting & Adaptation – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	06:30
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	03:59
ADH (Vasopressin) and Natriuretic Peptides – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	06:33
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) – Regulation of Venous Pressure	02:42
Vascular Function Curves – Regulation of Venous Pressure	04:15
Combination of Cardiac and Vascular Function Curves – Regulation of Venous Pressure	06:00
Isometric and Isotonic Resistance Exercise – CV Response to Exercise	03:44
Blood Pressure Effects on the Valsalva Maneuver – CV Response to Exercise	04:45
Cardiovascular Response and CO Changes in Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	04:12
ABP Response to Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	02:44
Skeletal Muscle Pump and Effects of Chronic Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	05:24
Distribution of Blood Flow – Special Circulations	03:17
Cerebral Circulation – Special Circulations	04:50
Coronary Circulation – Special Circulations	04:29
Cutaneous Circulation – Special Circulations	02:12
Skin Blood Flow – Special Circulations	04:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Vascular Physiology“

Respiratory Cycle – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	04:29
Airway Resistance – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	07:48
Pulmonary Ventilation – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	05:55
Pulmonary Surface Tension – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	04:01
Work of Breathing — Breathing and Lung Mechanics	03:50
Learning Outcomes – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	01:28
Introduction – Pulmonary Blood Flow	02:35
Effects of Pulmonary Artery Pressure – Pulmonary Blood Flow	03:31
Effects of Lung Volume – Pulmonary Blood Flow	04:22
Effects of Hypoxia – Pulmonary Blood Flow	05:47
Learning Outcomes – Pulmonary Blood Flow	00:26
Oxygen Transport – Gas Transport	03:36
Hemoglobin and O₂ Binding – Gas Transport	10:17
Blood Gas Transport Comparison – Gas Transport	01:57
Carbon Dioxide Transport – Gas Transport	05:48
Learning Outcomes – Gas Transport	00:48
Introduction – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	05:59
Alveolar Gas Equation – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	01:56
Practice Calculation – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	03:23
Tissue Hypoxia – Causes – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	04:13
Diffusional Impairment – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	07:33
Ventilation to Perfusion Inequality – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	03:02
Upright Lung – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	08:31
Learning Outcomes – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	01:20
Introduction – Control & Regulation of Breathing	01:45
Engineering Control Systems Approach – Control & Regulation of Breathing	05:39
Central Chemoreceptor – Control & Regulation of Breathing	02:01
Peripheral Chemoreceptors – Control & Regulation of Breathing	06:00
Interrelations of Blood Glasses on Ventilation – Control & Regulation of Breathing	03:20
Other Sensors With Pulmonary Implications – Control & Regulation of Breathing	04:33
Learning Outcomes – Control & Regulation of Breathing	00:51
Breath-hold Diving – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:14
Breath Hold – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	07:14
PO₂ Calculations – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	06:20
Acute Mountain Sickness – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:02
HACE – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:15
HAPE – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:48
Learning Outcomes – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Physiology“

Functions and Segments – Urinary System	09:35
Blood Supply and Control – Urinary System	06:50
Glomerular Filtration Rate	02:22
Starling Forces	09:04
Afferent and Efferent Arterioles	04:24
Regulation of GFR and RBF	09:51
Renal Clearance Equations	08:43
Reabsorption in the Proximal Tubule	06:27
Macromolecular Transport	07:51
Effect of Transport Maximum on Excretion	04:54
Proximal Tubule: Ion Transport	06:55
Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule	04:07
Aldosterone: Effects and Regulation	06:07
Urea Cycle and Collecting Duct	03:00
Secretion and Organic Transport in the Proximal Tubule	04:44
Renal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion	10:33
Integrated Control of Blood Volume: Overview	05:38
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Osmolality	04:36
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System	05:05
Corticopapillary Osmotic Gradient	08:29
Countercurrent Multiplier System	06:14
Body Fluid Compartments	05:37
Measuring Ions and Fluid Compartments	07:19
Changes in Body Fluid Compartment	11:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinary Tract Physiology“

Fundamental GI Functions – Gastrointestinal System	02:14
Overview – Gastrointestinal System	03:54
Phases of Digestion – Gastrointestinal System	03:32
Parasympathetic Nervous System – Gastrointestinal System	01:19
Sympathetic Nervous System – Gastrointestinal System	03:11
Neural Signaling Molecules – Gastrointestinal System	02:31
GI Hormones – Gastrointestinal System	03:34
Learning Outcomes – Gastrointestinal System	00:53
Introduction – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	05:55
Salivary Glands: Structure and Functions – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	02:54
Upper Gastrointestinal Secretions: Salivary and Gastric	07:23
Gastric Oxyntic Gland: Structure and Functions – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	02:11
Gastric Oxyntic Gland: Control and Regulation – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	07:56
Learning Outcomes – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	01:30
Pancreatic Secretions – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	01:54
Exocrine Pancreas – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	08:03
Hepatobiliary – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	05:14
Non-GI Glands – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	04:46
Learning Outcomes – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	00:57
Introduction – Digestion and Absorption	03:13
Digestion – Digestion and Absorption	07:09
Absorption – Digestion and Absorption	13:50
Splanchnic Circulation – Digestion and Absorption	02:41
Learning Outcomes – Digestion and Absorption	01:05
Introduction – Gastrointestinal Motility	04:02
Swallowing – Gastrointestinal Motility	05:25
Gastric Motility – Gastrointestinal Motility	04:10
Intestinal Motility – Gastrointestinal Motility	01:37
Slow Waves – Gastrointestinal Motility	03:24
Learning Outcomes – Gastrointestinal Motility	00:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Physiology“

Endocrine System and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis (HPA)	02:11
Feedback Loops and Pituitary Gland	04:11
HPA Hormones & Targets and Posterior Pituitary Hormones	03:43
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis	04:30
Thyroid Hormones	05:23
Thyroid Hormone Transportation	03:04
Thyroid Hormones: Symptomatology Associated	03:44
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Cortex Axis	07:31
Adrenal Hormone Synthesis	05:36
Adrenal Functions	03:23
Endocrine Pancreas Hormones	02:08
Glucagon Basics and Regulation of Glucagon Secretion	02:29
Glucagon: Functions	03:37
Insulin Basics	03:45
Insulin Secretion and Regulation	06:32
Insulin: Functions	03:00
Insulin: Metabolic Effects and Counterregulatory Hormones	03:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Physiology“

Introduction to Male Reproductive Endocrinology	02:33
Testosterone Effects	04:41
Testis, Spermatogenesis and Sperm Maturation: Sertoli Cell Secretions	04:18
Introduction to Female Reproductive Endocrinology	03:56
Estrogen and Progesterone Synthesis	04:00
Estradiol and Progestin Effects	02:06
Menstrual Cycle: 28 Days Female Cycle	02:36
Endometrial Cycle	05:11
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis: Control & Regulation	02:59
Sperm and Capacitation	03:13
Fertilization	04:33
Location of Fertilization & Early Divisions: Implantation	03:30
Placenta: Blood Flow, Barriers & Exchange	04:04
Maternal Changes	06:09
Fetal & Adult Circulation: Comparison & Distribution	05:37
Changes at Birth	04:10
Milk Secretion and Production	02:59
Regulation of Lactation	05:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Physiology“

Quiz zum Kurs „Phase I - Didactic: Year 1 - Spring Semester: Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology I“