Disciplinas da 2ª Série (PPC Medicina 2019)

Research Ethics: Introduction	01:36
Nuremberg Code	01:21
Belmont Report	02:07
Declaration of Helsinki	05:30
Informed Consent	04:24
Research Ethics Boards	06:56
Research Ethics: Learning Outcomes	01:23
Quiz zum Kurs „Research Ethics“

Introduction to Kinetics | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:46
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	03:51
pKa and Drug Solubility – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	09:10
Drug Distribution – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	08:52
Phases of Drug Development – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:50
Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	06:46
Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	12:02
Introduction and Definitions of Pharmacodynamics – Pharmacodynamics	02:19
Drug Receptors and Effectors – Pharmacodynamics	03:00
Upregulation and Downregulation – Pharmacodynamics	00:53
Dose-Response, Binding, Quantal, Toxicity & Potency Curves – Pharmacodynamics	10:24
Introduction esp. Types of Eliminations – Elimination Kinetics	03:50
First Pass Metabolism – Elimination Kinetics	01:56
Bioavailability incl. Case Study – Elimination Kinetics	02:24
Dosage Calculation: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose – Elimination Kinetics	04:59
Intravenous vs. Oral Medications – Elimination Kinetics	01:16
Renal Clearance – Elimination Kinetics	04:10
Case Study: Correction for Renal Disease	09:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics“

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Overview	05:31
Dual Innervation	03:31
Alpha- and Beta-Blockers	04:19
Sympathetic Blockers	04:20
Sympathomimetic Activators	04:22
Sympathomimetic Effects	11:34
Global Effect of Sympathomimetic Drugs on the Vascular System	05:08
Cholinomimetic Activators and Effects	08:20
Cholinergic Toxicity, Myasthenic Crisis and Cholinergic Crisis	03:04
Anticholinergic Drugs	06:29
Quiz zum Kurs „ANS - Pharmacology“

Overview of Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs – Sedative Hypnotics	07:18
Benzodiazepines – Sedative Hypnotics	04:59
Barbiturates – Sedative Hypnotics	02:03
Atypical Sedative Drugs	08:11
Questions – Sedative Hypnotics	02:12
Case Study – Sedative Hypnotics	02:43
Overview – Antidepressants	02:11
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Antidepressants	03:36
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) – Antidepressants	03:10
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs)	06:43
SNRIs, Serotonin Antagonists and SSRIs – Antidepressants	09:07
Review – Antidepressants	01:07
Antidepressants: Case Study	02:29
Overview – Antipsychotics	01:27
Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Dopamine – Antipsychotics	02:55
Bipolar Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	05:19
Psychotic Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	03:06
Clinical Uses of Antipsychotics and Drug Induced Dyskinesia	03:27
Questions – Antipsychotics	02:47
Dopamine Hypothesis – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:53
Dopamine Precursors and Agonists – Treatment of Movement Disorders	05:53
MAO and COMT Inhibitors – Treatment of Movement Disorders	02:57
Amantadine and Anticholinergics – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:17
Medications for Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorders	09:29
Overview – Antiseizure Medications	05:19
Treatment Strategies – Antiseizure Medications	09:45
Levetiracetam (Keppra) – Antiseizure Medications	01:25
Questions – Antiseizure Medications	03:36
Overview – Anesthetic Drugs	00:58
Inhaled Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	04:49
General Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:07
Intravenous Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	03:31
Case Study – Anesthetic Drugs	03:20
Overview – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	01:48
Neuromuscular Blockers – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	04:56
Acute and Chronic Muscle Spasms – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	05:03
Questions – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	06:07
Overview – Local Anesthetics	05:39
Esters and Amides – Local Anesthetics	05:28
Overview – Opioid Analgesics	02:38
Opioid Agonists – Opioid Analgesics	05:38
Mixed Agonists/Antagonists and Antagonists – Opioid Analgesics	04:31
Questions – Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics	05:18
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS - Pharmacology“

Alcohols – Drugs of Abuse	06:10
Opioid Analgesics – Drugs of Abuse	05:49
Caffeine and Nicotine – Drugs of Abuse	02:41
Amphetamines – Drugs of Abuse	04:13
Cocaine – Drugs of Abuse	04:18
Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates and Ethanol – Drugs of Abuse	03:49
Hallucinogens: Psychodelics, Dissociatives and Deliriants – Drugs of Abuse	07:55
Inhalants: Anesthetics, Industrial Solvents and Organic Nitrites – Drugs of Abuse	05:33
Acetaminophen and Steroids – Drugs of Abuse	05:32
Drug Schedules and Controlled Substances – Drugs of Abuse	02:03
Cannabinoids: Introduction – Drugs of Abuse	09:04
Cannabinoids: Consumption and Hyperemesis Syndrome – Drugs of Abuse	07:19
Cannabinoids: Methods of Ingestion – Drugs of Abuse	30:34
Harm of Each Drug Type – Drugs of Abuse	04:21
Guidelines for Cannabinoid Use – Drugs of Abuse	02:45
Effects of Unrefined Marijuana – Drugs of Abuse	06:16
Cannabinoids: THC and CBD – Drugs of Abuse	09:23
Cannabinoids: Summary – Drugs of Abuse	01:53
Carbon Monoxide and Dioxins – Toxic Substances	02:41
Asbestos, PCB's, Herbicides & Pesticides – Toxic Substances	07:20
Toxicology Questions & Case Studies	08:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Toxicology“

Introduction to High Blood Pressure Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Diuretics – Drugs in Hypertension	08:44
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone – Drugs in Hypertension	09:10
Vasodilators – Drugs in Hypertension	06:35
Alpha Agonists – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Beta Blockers – Drugs in Hypertension	05:07
Postganglionic Sympathetic Nerve Terminal Blockers and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors – Drugs in Hypertension	01:21
Lines of Therapy – Drugs in Hypertension	07:16
Pulmonary Hypertension Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	11:32
Questions and Case Studies – Drugs in Hypertension	05:27
Introduction – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:32
Nitrates – Heart Failure and Angina Management	05:25
Cardiac Depressants and Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:51
Metabolic Modifiers and Slow Sodium Channel Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:12
Inotropes – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:12
Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:31
Renin-Angiotensin Agents and Beta Blockers – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:12
Slow Sodium Channel and Neprilysin Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	08:51
Questions – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:40
Introduction – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	00:46
Group 1: Sodium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:59
Group 2: Beta Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	01:53
Group 3: Potassium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:25
Group 4: Calcium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	02:08
Group 5: Other Antiarrhythmics – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:39
Questions – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:51
Bile Acid Sequestrants, Niacin and Fibrates – Lipid Control	05:55
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors – Lipid Control	08:38
Fat Absorption and MTP Inhibitors – Lipid Control	02:28
PCSK9 Inhibitors – Lipid Control	07:46
Questions – Lipid Control	03:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Pharmacology“

Overview: Coagulant Drugs	00:55
Antiplatelets	07:38
Anticoagulants	10:02
Thrombolytics and Procoagulants	05:32
Questions: Coagulant Drugs	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacology of Blood Coagulation“

Introduction to Insulin	04:13
Insulin Types and Glycemic Excursions – Diabetes Medications	08:37
Secretagogues and Biguanides – Diabetes Medications	04:47
Metformin, Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors and Thiazolidinediones — Diabetes Medications	05:40
DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Analogues — Diabetes Medications	04:30
SGLT2 Inhibitors – Diabetes Medications	12:20
Case Studies – Diabetes Medications	01:59
Diabetes Medications – Summary	01:41
Overview – Adrenal Pharmacology	00:44
Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids – Adrenal Pharmacology	07:16
Catecholamines – Adrenal Pharmacology	02:57
Questions and Case Studies – Adrenal Pharmacology	04:01
Drugs for Hypothyroidism – Thyroid Medications	07:43
Drugs for Hyperthyroidism – Thyroid Medications	11:43
Hormonal Regulators: PTH and Vitamin D – Bone and Calcium Medications	06:34
Hormonal Regulators: Calcitonin, Estrogen and Glucocorticoids – Bone and Calcium Medications	06:15
Non-hormonal Regulators: Bisphosphonates, Fluoride and Calcimimetics – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:08
Biological Agents: RANKL Inhibitors – Bone and Calcium Medications	05:19
Case Studies – Bone and Calcium Medications	03:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Pharmacology“

Overview – Reproductive Pharmacology	02:03
Estrogens and Progestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	11:49
Anti-Estrogens and Antiprogestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	09:38
Androgens and Antiandrogens	06:53
Questions and Case Studies – Reproductive Pharmacology	03:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Pharmacology“

Pharmacology of Inflammation	07:29
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)	05:11
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)	03:12
COX-2 Inhibitors	02:14
Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Agents (DMARDS)	06:37
Immunosuppressive Drugs: Overview	06:22
Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 Inhibitor – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:16
T Cell and B Cell Inhibitors – Immunosuppressive Drugs	05:47
Case Study – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:57
Gout Medication: Colchicine, Uric Acid and More	06:51
Inflammation Pharmacology Questions	04:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammation Pharmacology“

Asthma Medications	02:01
Bronchodilators	03:13
Corticosteroids	02:03
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists	01:32
Release Inhibitors and IgE-Antibody-mediated Therapy	03:52
Biological Agents: Monoclonal Antibodies	02:05
Asthma Medication Questions	02:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Pharmacology“

Stomach Ulcer (Peptic Acid Disease) Medication	07:02
Motility Disorder Medication	07:38
Nausea Medication: Antiemetics – Gastrointestinal Drugs	05:40
Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) and Gallstone Prevention – Gastrointestinal Drugs	02:28
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Medication	02:25
Questions and Case Studies: GERD Medications	02:06
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Medication	11:03
Questions and Case Studies: Steroids, Cyclosporine and Crohn's Disease	07:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Pharmacology“

Overview – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	08:02
Penicillins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	10:00
Cephalosporins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:51
Penems – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Monobactams, Cyclic Lipopeptide and Polypeptide – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:13
Glycopeptide and Intracellular Agents – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:30
Overview – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:42
Linezolid, Streptogramins and Chloramphenicol – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:14
Macrolides and Ketolides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Tetracyclines – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:30
Aminoglycosides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:26
Quiz Questions and Case Studies – Antibacterial Agents (Antibiotics)	07:33
Overview – Antimetabolites	00:49
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim and Fluoroquinolones – Antimetabolites	07:48
Case Studies – Antimetabolites	03:39
Overview – Antimycobacterial Agents	02:24
First-line Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	13:39
Other Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	05:02
New Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	04:57
Treatment Regimens for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	03:30
Treatment Regimens for Leprosy and Other Infections – Antimycobacterial Agents	03:36
Case Studies – Antimycobacterial Agents	06:16
Overview – Antifungals	00:42
Azoles – Antifungals	04:20
Polyenes – Antifungals	04:25
Flucytosine (5-Fluorocytosine/5-FC) – Antifungals	01:29
Griseofulvin and Squalene Epoxidase Inhibitor (Terbinafine) – Antifungals	02:01
Echinocandins – Antifungals	06:09
Questions – Antifungals	03:00
Overview of Antiviral Activity – Antiviral Drugs	02:22
Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	03:50
CCR5 – Antiviral Drugs	02:16
Anti-HIV Agents: Entry Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	07:16
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NsRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	06:54
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	03:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	04:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:55
Anti-HIV Agents: Maturation Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	02:16
Anti-HIV Agents: Protease Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	06:30
Anti-HIV Agents: Other Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:45
Case Studies about Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	03:21
Anti-Herpes Agents: Thymidine Kinase Agents – Antiviral Drugs	05:21
Anti-Herpes Agents: RNA Polymerase Inhibitors and Other Drugs – Antiviral Drugs	01:59
Influenza Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	01:08
Hepatitis Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	06:45
Overview – Antiviral Agents and Treatment of CMV Retinitis – Antiviral Drugs	01:48
Case Study – Antiviral Drugs	05:16
Antimalarial Drugs – Antiprotozoal Agents	12:41
Amebicides – Antiprotozoal Agents	08:25
Nematicides – Anthelmintic Drugs	05:11
Trematocides (Praziquantel) and Cestodicides (Niclosamide) – Anthelmintic Drugs	02:29
Questions – Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs	03:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Antimicrobial Pharmacology“

Types of Topical Medications	05:00
Stable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	07:08
Unstable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	03:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Topical Medications“

Nerves and Neurotransmission	05:06
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP) and Binding	05:03
Action Potential: Propagation and Myelin	06:06
Glial Cells and Astrocyte Assisted Activities	04:36
Vision: Structure and Function of the Eye	03:52
Vision: Lens, Pupil and Humors	07:11
Vision: Photoreception	04:36
Vision: Signal Termination and Convergence	08:05
Hearing: Hearing Structure and Function	08:43
Hearing: Hair Cells and Semicircular Channels	05:35
Balance: Vestibular Structure and Function	04:12
Balance: Otolith Organs	04:02
Taste-Receptors: Types, Structure, Function & Taste Transduction	07:15
Smell: Transduction and Integration	03:34
Muscle Nerve Fiber Properties	07:42
Renshaw Cells and Muscle Reflexes	03:32
Cutaneous Sensory Afferents	01:57
Mechanoreceptors: En- & Unencapsulated	07:59
Free Nerve Ending (FNE)	05:57
Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	09:03
Hypothalamus and Brainstem	04:03
Circumventricular Organs (CVO's) and Cerebral Spinal Fluid	06:39
Effectors of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	05:39
Autonomic Nervous System: GI Tract and Other Tissues	06:22
Autonomic Nervous System: Skin Appendages and Other Tissues	04:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurophysiology“

Bone: Structure and Function	07:53
Bone Remodeling	07:20
Control and Regulation of Calcium and Phosphorus	05:51
Types of Muscle Contractions	03:27
Initiation of Muscle Contraction	03:21
Cross-bridge Cycling	02:55
Force Production and Motor Unit	04:31
Muscle Fiber Types and Properties	06:17
Smooth Muscles: Location and Types	03:00
Smooth Muscles: Structure Function	07:06
Smooth Muscles: Contraction and Relaxation	09:09
Quiz zum Kurs „Musculoskeletal Physiology“

Cardiac Pacemakers – Heart Rate and Electricity	03:54
Membrane Potential – Heart Rate and Electricity	05:54
Pacemaker Potential and Pacemaker Cells – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:54
Para- and Sympathetic Control of the Heart Rate – Heart Rate and Electricity	06:49
Influence on Pacemaker Activity – Heart Rate and Electricity	04:02
Heart Rate Ranges and Gap Junction Channels – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:49
Non-Pacemaker Action Potential – Heart Rate and Electricity	04:35
Myocyte Conduction Pathway and Atrioventricular Block (AV) – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:52
Ectopic Foci and Abnormal Conduction – Heart Rate and Electricity	02:08
Electrocardiogram (ECG): Definition, Function & Basic Principles – Electrocardiogram	02:39
Sequence of Depolarization – Electrocardiogram	07:52
ECG Tracing: Definitions and Related Cardiac Timing – Electrocardiogram	03:55
ECG Tracing: Normal Intervals – Electrocardiogram	08:05
Mean Electrical Axis and Determining Axis on ECG – Electrocardiogram	05:56
ECG Abnormalities – Electrocardiogram	05:55
Systole and Diastole – Cardiac Cycle	01:42
Isovolumetric Contraction: LV Phases— Cardiac Cycle	06:12
Atrial Systole and Diastole – Cardiac Cycle	02:52
Complete Picture of the Cardiac Cycle – Cardiac Cycle	04:11
Intracardiac and Vascular Heart Pressure – Cardiac Cycle	04:08
Heart Sounds – Cardiac Cycle	05:07
Cardiac Output, Flow, Pressure and Resistance Theory – Cardiac Mechanics	03:23
Preload and the Frank-Starling Law – Cardiac Mechanics	09:15
Afterload – Cardiac Mechanics	05:30
Inotropy: Definition, Regulation and Effects – Cardiac Mechanics	08:08
Frank-Starling Curve and Atrial Dynamics – Cardiac Mechanics	04:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiac Physiology“

Flow, Pressure and Resistance Theory – Blood Vessels and Pressure (Hemodynamics)	03:47
Fluid Movement Resistance, Laminar and Turbulent Blood Flow – Blood Vessels and Pressure	04:18
Blood Flow and Velocity – Blood Vessels and Pressure	02:38
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) – Blood Vessels and Pressure	04:28
Vascular Anatomy – Blood Vessels and Pressure (Hemodynamics)	10:14
Local Factors of Arterial Pressure – Blood Vessels and Pressure	06:31
Neurohumoral Factors of Arterial Pressure– Blood Vessels and Pressure	05:04
Baroreceptor Reflex – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	05:59
Brain Regions and Autonomic Control – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	02:52
Baroreflex & Baroreceptor Function Alteration, Resetting & Adaptation – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	06:30
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	03:59
ADH (Vasopressin) and Natriuretic Peptides – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	06:33
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) – Regulation of Venous Pressure	02:42
Vascular Function Curves – Regulation of Venous Pressure	04:15
Combination of Cardiac and Vascular Function Curves – Regulation of Venous Pressure	06:00
Isometric and Isotonic Resistance Exercise – CV Response to Exercise	03:44
Blood Pressure Effects on the Valsalva Maneuver – CV Response to Exercise	04:45
Cardiovascular Response and CO Changes in Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	04:12
ABP Response to Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	02:44
Skeletal Muscle Pump and Effects of Chronic Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	05:24
Distribution of Blood Flow – Special Circulations	03:17
Cerebral Circulation – Special Circulations	04:50
Coronary Circulation – Special Circulations	04:29
Cutaneous Circulation – Special Circulations	02:12
Skin Blood Flow – Special Circulations	04:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Vascular Physiology“

Respiratory Cycle – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	04:29
Airway Resistance – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	07:48
Pulmonary Ventilation – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	05:55
Pulmonary Surface Tension – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	04:01
Work of Breathing — Breathing and Lung Mechanics	03:50
Learning Outcomes – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	01:28
Introduction – Pulmonary Blood Flow	02:35
Effects of Pulmonary Artery Pressure – Pulmonary Blood Flow	03:31
Effects of Lung Volume – Pulmonary Blood Flow	04:22
Effects of Hypoxia – Pulmonary Blood Flow	05:47
Learning Outcomes – Pulmonary Blood Flow	00:26
Oxygen Transport – Gas Transport	03:36
Hemoglobin and O₂ Binding – Gas Transport	10:17
Blood Gas Transport Comparison – Gas Transport	01:57
Carbon Dioxide Transport – Gas Transport	05:48
Learning Outcomes – Gas Transport	00:48
Introduction – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	05:59
Alveolar Gas Equation – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	01:56
Practice Calculation – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	03:23
Tissue Hypoxia – Causes – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	04:13
Diffusional Impairment – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	07:33
Ventilation to Perfusion Inequality – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	03:02
Upright Lung – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	08:31
Learning Outcomes – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	01:20
Introduction – Control & Regulation of Breathing	01:45
Engineering Control Systems Approach – Control & Regulation of Breathing	05:39
Central Chemoreceptor – Control & Regulation of Breathing	02:01
Peripheral Chemoreceptors – Control & Regulation of Breathing	06:00
Interrelations of Blood Glasses on Ventilation – Control & Regulation of Breathing	03:20
Other Sensors With Pulmonary Implications – Control & Regulation of Breathing	04:33
Learning Outcomes – Control & Regulation of Breathing	00:51
Breath-hold Diving – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:14
Breath Hold – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	07:14
PO₂ Calculations – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	06:20
Acute Mountain Sickness – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:02
HACE – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:15
HAPE – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:48
Learning Outcomes – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Physiology“

Functions and Segments – Urinary System	09:35
Blood Supply and Control – Urinary System	06:50
Glomerular Filtration Rate	02:22
Starling Forces	09:04
Afferent and Efferent Arterioles	04:24
Regulation of GFR and RBF	09:51
Renal Clearance Equations	08:43
Reabsorption in the Proximal Tubule	06:27
Macromolecular Transport	07:51
Effect of Transport Maximum on Excretion	04:54
Proximal Tubule: Ion Transport	06:55
Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule	04:07
Aldosterone: Effects and Regulation	06:07
Urea Cycle and Collecting Duct	03:00
Secretion and Organic Transport in the Proximal Tubule	04:44
Renal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion	10:33
Integrated Control of Blood Volume: Overview	05:38
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Osmolality	04:36
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System	05:05
Corticopapillary Osmotic Gradient	08:29
Countercurrent Multiplier System	06:14
Body Fluid Compartments	05:37
Measuring Ions and Fluid Compartments	07:19
Changes in Body Fluid Compartment	11:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinary Tract Physiology“

Fundamental GI Functions – Gastrointestinal System	02:14
Overview – Gastrointestinal System	03:54
Phases of Digestion – Gastrointestinal System	03:32
Parasympathetic Nervous System – Gastrointestinal System	01:19
Sympathetic Nervous System – Gastrointestinal System	03:11
Neural Signaling Molecules – Gastrointestinal System	02:31
GI Hormones – Gastrointestinal System	03:34
Learning Outcomes – Gastrointestinal System	00:53
Introduction – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	05:55
Salivary Glands: Structure and Functions – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	02:54
Upper Gastrointestinal Secretions: Salivary and Gastric	07:23
Gastric Oxyntic Gland: Structure and Functions – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	02:11
Gastric Oxyntic Gland: Control and Regulation – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	07:56
Learning Outcomes – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	01:30
Pancreatic Secretions – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	01:54
Exocrine Pancreas – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	08:03
Hepatobiliary – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	05:14
Non-GI Glands – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	04:46
Learning Outcomes – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	00:57
Introduction – Digestion and Absorption	03:13
Digestion – Digestion and Absorption	07:09
Absorption – Digestion and Absorption	13:50
Splanchnic Circulation – Digestion and Absorption	02:41
Learning Outcomes – Digestion and Absorption	01:05
Introduction – Gastrointestinal Motility	04:02
Swallowing – Gastrointestinal Motility	05:25
Gastric Motility – Gastrointestinal Motility	04:10
Intestinal Motility – Gastrointestinal Motility	01:37
Slow Waves – Gastrointestinal Motility	03:24
Learning Outcomes – Gastrointestinal Motility	00:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Physiology“

Endocrine System and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis (HPA)	02:11
Feedback Loops and Pituitary Gland	04:11
HPA Hormones & Targets and Posterior Pituitary Hormones	03:43
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis	04:30
Thyroid Hormones	05:23
Thyroid Hormone Transportation	03:04
Thyroid Hormones: Symptomatology Associated	03:44
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Cortex Axis	07:31
Adrenal Hormone Synthesis	05:36
Adrenal Functions	03:23
Endocrine Pancreas Hormones	02:08
Glucagon Basics and Regulation of Glucagon Secretion	02:29
Glucagon: Functions	03:37
Insulin Basics	03:45
Insulin Secretion and Regulation	06:32
Insulin: Functions	03:00
Insulin: Metabolic Effects and Counterregulatory Hormones	03:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Physiology“

Introduction to Male Reproductive Endocrinology	02:33
Testosterone Effects	04:41
Testis, Spermatogenesis and Sperm Maturation: Sertoli Cell Secretions	04:18
Introduction to Female Reproductive Endocrinology	03:56
Estrogen and Progesterone Synthesis	04:00
Estradiol and Progestin Effects	02:06
Menstrual Cycle: 28 Days Female Cycle	02:36
Endometrial Cycle	05:11
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis: Control & Regulation	02:59
Sperm and Capacitation	03:13
Fertilization	04:33
Location of Fertilization & Early Divisions: Implantation	03:30
Placenta: Blood Flow, Barriers & Exchange	04:04
Maternal Changes	06:09
Fetal & Adult Circulation: Comparison & Distribution	05:37
Changes at Birth	04:10
Milk Secretion and Production	02:59
Regulation of Lactation	05:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Physiology“

Medical Genetics History	03:52
Genetic Diseases: Categories	05:15
Review: Cell and Molecular Biology Course	05:31
Review: Genome Mapping	03:49
Review: Epigenetic Regulation, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, and Cytogenetics	03:26
Review: Point Mutations, Triplet Repeats, Chromosomal Mutations	05:47
Goldilocks Principle	05:55
Monoallelic Expression	06:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Medical Genetics“

Nondisjunction	08:23
Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21	07:35
Down Syndrome: Variations	05:16
Autosomes: Structural Abnormalities	04:26
Translocation	03:58
Segregation of Chromosomes with Inversions	03:51
Autosomal Disorders and Genomic Imprinting	06:27
Prader-Willi Syndrome	03:15
Angelman Syndrome	06:55
Sex Chromosomes	08:29
Chromosomal and Gonadal Sex: Inconsistencies	04:08
46,XY Karyotype: Disorders	05:29
46,XX Karyotype: Disorders	04:40
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies	04:44
Sex Chromosome Abnormalities	06:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Chromosomal Disorders“

Terminology & Concept Recap	04:54
The Pedigree	04:01
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance	08:49
Autosomal Recessive Disorders	04:04
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance	09:01
Autosomal Dominant Disorders	04:15
X-linked Inheritance	07:15
X-linked Recessive Inheritance	05:43
X-linked Recessive Disorders	04:03
X-linked Dominant Inheritance	05:07
X-linked Dominant Disorders	05:38
Expansions and Huntington's Disease	07:49
Fragile X Syndrome: CGG Expanding Repeat	03:33
Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance	04:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Single-Gene Disorders“

Multifactorial Inheritance: Introduction	03:29
Qualitative Traits: Risk Assessment	04:06
Quantitative Traits: Risk assessment	05:35
Multifactorial Gene Disorders: Examples	05:31
Bipolar Disorder and Coronary Artery Disease	03:23
Thrombosis and Hirschsprung Disease	09:56
Type 1 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease	05:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Multifactorial Inheritance“

Population Genetics: Introduction	05:15
Allelic Frequencies	05:33
Hardy-Weinberg Principle	04:40
Hardy-Weinberg Assumptions	04:39
Phenylketonuria (PKU)	07:34
Hardy-Weinberg in X-Linked Disease	02:50
Genetic Variation: Responsible Factors	09:18
Cancer Genetics	07:47
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes: Review	04:46
Heredity and Cancer	05:56
Expression Profiling in Prognosis	03:02
Genetic Counseling	06:44
Prenatal Screening	07:40
Prenatal Diagnosis	05:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Population Genetics“

Introduction and Organization – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	03:40
Relative Size of Life – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	01:25
Cell Forms Comparison – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	02:24
Homeostasis – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	05:35
Importance of Chemistry for Biology – Chemistry	01:01
Atomic Structure – Chemistry	03:58
Chemical Behavior – Chemistry	06:06
Periodic Table for Biology – Chemistry	05:26
Covalent Bond – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	03:37
Ionic Bonds – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	02:49
Hydrogen Bonds – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	03:26
Ph Scale – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	02:13
Ph Homeostasis – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	04:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Cell Biology“

How Macromolecules Come Together	06:17
Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis Reactions	01:54
Glucose	05:05
Polysaccharides	03:20
Introduction to Proteins	00:55
Polypeptide Chain	02:10
Four Levels of Organization	07:45
Nucleic Acids	04:35
DNA and RNA	01:59
Hydrogen Bond Zipper and ATP	02:22
Lipids, Fats and Oils	06:49
Phospholipids	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „The Macromolecules of Life“

Cellular Structure: Introduction	03:44
Nucleus and Ribosomes	03:30
Endomembrane System	01:41
Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus	02:42
Lysosomes	02:47
Mitochondria and Origins of Eukaryotic Cells	04:06
Membranes: Introduction	00:56
Fluid Mosaic Model	04:53
Role of Cell Membrane Proteins	03:36
How Proteins Anchor Themselves in the Membrane	03:04
Cytoskeleton	05:29
Transport and Network of Proteins	03:13
Extracellular Structures and Cell Movement	02:41
Cell Identity	03:09
Three Types of Cell Junctions	04:38
Passive Transport – Transport Across Cell Membranes	07:02
Osmosis and Tonicity – Transport Across Cell Membranes	07:32
Active Transport – Transport Across Cell Membranes	07:56
Bulk Transport – Transport Across Cell Membranes	04:52
Modes of Cell Communication: Introduction	03:07
Modes of Cell Communication: Overview	05:35
Phosphorylation – Modes of Cell Communication	03:20
Cell Surface Receptors – Modes of Cell Communication	04:35
Intracellular Receptors – Modes of Cell Communication	04:57
Second Messenger Systems: Overview	01:59
Second Messenger Systems: Definition	03:35
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathways – Second Messenger Systems	12:42
G-protein Coupled Receptors – Second Messenger Systems	07:50
Recap – Second Messenger Systems	02:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Structure“

Cell Cycle and Cell Division Control: Introduction	02:43
Cell Cycle Controls	09:12
Growth Factors	02:45
P53 Gene	02:55
Mutated Genes	05:10
Two Hit Hypothesis	02:41
Mitosis: Overview	01:26
Language of Chromosomes – Mitosis	02:59
Eukaryotic Chromosomes – Mitosis	02:53
Cell Division – Mitosis	01:39
Interphase and Prophase – Mitosis	02:23
Prometaphase, Metaphase and Anaphase – Mitosis	03:43
Telophase and Cytokinesis – Mitosis	04:33
Introduction and Reduce of Chromosomes – Meiosis	06:23
Homologous Chromosome Pairs – Meiosis	03:02
Meiosis I: Prophase I	02:05
Meiosis I: Metaphase I	04:06
Meiosis I: Anaphase I and Telophase I	01:49
Meiosis II: Phases	03:49
Human Karyotype – Meiosis	01:26
Meiosis in Humans	03:25
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis – Cell Division	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Cell Cycle and Cell Division“

Definition of Energy	02:42
Laws of Thermodynamics	04:12
Chemical, Endergonic and Exergonic Reactions	03:30
Activation Energy of Reactions	02:11
ATP	02:27
Bicarbonate Buffering System	04:12
Activation and Inhibition	02:56
Assisting Enzymes	02:20
Biochemical Pathways	03:07
Pyruvate Oxidation and Glycolysis: Overview	06:30
Recycling of NADH	02:02
Pyruvate Oxidation	01:38
Anaerobic Glycolysis	04:27
A Review of Glycolysis	02:23
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis	02:18
Krebs Cycle	07:08
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)	02:03
Electrochemical Gradient	04:10
ATP Synthase	02:57
Cell Respiration	06:00
Proteins, Catabolism of Fats and Metabolic Regulation: Introduction	01:15
Entry Points into Cellular Respiration	02:10
Catabolism of Fats and Proteins	03:43
Metabolic Pathways	03:41
Process of Metabolism	03:56
Quiz zum Kurs „Energy, Enzymes and Metabolism“

Classical Genetic Assumptions – Classic Mendelian Genetics	02:42
Mendel's Investigations of the Pea Plant – Classic Mendelian Genetics	04:34
Monohybrid Crosses – Classic Mendelian Genetics	04:20
Mendel's Principles and Meiosis – Classic Mendelian Genetics	03:49
Human Pedigrees – Classic Mendelian Genetics	03:39
Dihybrid Crosses – Classic Mendelian Genetics	04:58
Principle of Independent Assortment – Classic Mendelian Genetics	02:15
Rules of Addition and Multiplication – Beyond Gregor Mendel	04:08
Predicting the Outcome of a Cross – Beyond Gregor Mendel	05:20
Test Cross: Uncover Genotypes – Beyond Gregor Mendel	02:15
Polygenic and Pleiotropic Inheritance – Beyond Gregor Mendel	06:01
Multiple Alleles and Incomplete Dominance – Beyond Gregor Mendel	04:28
Phenotypes Affected by Environment and Epistasis – Beyond Gregor Mendel	05:46
Linking Mendel and Chromosomes – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	03:43
Sex Chromosomes – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	01:11
Sex Linked Genetic Disorders – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	06:49
Chromosome Theory: Exceptions – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	03:14
Epigenetic Factors – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	04:29
Recombination of Chromosomes – Gene Mapping	04:29
Percent Recombination – Gene Mapping	01:18
How to Create a Genetic Map – Gene Mapping	04:11
How to Avoid Missed Double Crossovers – Gene Mapping	02:28
Usage of Physical Maps – Gene Mapping	01:53
Structure of DNA and RNA – DNA Structure and Replication	03:55
Prokaryotic Replication – DNA Structure and Replication	05:29
The Enzymes of Replication – DNA Structure and Replication	02:54
Closer Look at Replisome – DNA Structure and Replication	05:07
Eukaryotic Replication – DNA Structure and Replication	04:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Understanding Genetics“

One Gene One Polypeptide Hypothesis	04:15
Overview of Transcription and Translation	02:12
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes	01:37
Types of RNA	02:18
How to Translate the Genetic Code	05:28
Transcription: Introduction	04:29
Elongation of mRNA	02:47
Prokaryotic Transcription	01:21
Eukaryotic Transcription	03:33
Post-transcriptional Modifications	01:54
Post-transcriptional Modification: Splicing	05:28
Charging of tRNA	03:35
Ribosome	01:46
Initiation of Translation	01:50
Elongation of Translation	06:46
Termination of Translation	04:02
Gene Expression – Translation and Summary	03:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Gene Expression“

Proofread and Repair Mechanisms	04:45
Mutations in General	03:19
Single Nucleotide Mutations	01:43
Frameshift Mutations	03:03
Chromosomal Mutations	02:41
Quiz zum Kurs „DNA Repair & Genetic Mutations“

Binding Motifs	06:51
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic mRNA	01:24
Prokaryotic Gene Expression	03:16
Inducible Operons	05:06
Repressible Operons	02:48
Other Levels of Prokaryotic Gene Regulation	01:55
The Levels of Eukaryotic Gene Expression	03:56
Transcriptional Control	05:12
Impact of Chromatin on Transcription	04:52
RNA Interference, AlterRNAtive Splicing and RNA Editing	04:28
Other Levels of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation	03:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Gene Regulation“

Recombinant DNA	02:16
Cutting the DNA	02:58
Gel Electrophoresis	04:47
Bacterial Transformation	01:45
Molecular Cloning	05:09
Host-vector Systems	02:11
Transforming Eukaryotic Cells	02:37
CRISPR-Cas9 System	04:26
Polymerase Chain Reaction	04:49
DNA Libraries	04:44
Probes and Blotting Methods	05:26
DNA Fingerprinting	03:53
Short Tandem Repeats	05:36
Biotechnology in Medicine	06:14
Biotechnology in Agriculture	04:49
Transgenic Animals	01:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Biotechnology“

Restriction Mapping	03:49
Cytological Maps	03:14
Sequence Tagged Sites	04:46
Sanger Sequencing	07:31
Sequencing Larger Genomes	05:06
Comparative Genome Analysis	04:24
Coding and Noncoding DNA Sequences	04:13
Transposable Elements	05:29
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms	03:38
BRCA2 Gene	03:48
Expressed Sequence Tags	03:20
Using Microarrays to Detect Cancers – Genomics	04:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Genomics“

ABC-Assessment	09:10
D Assessment & DDx (Differential) of Consequence	08:09
Emergency Medicine Patient Presentation: Relevant Factors	10:24
Emergency Medicine Patient Presentation: How to Organize a Good Presentation	06:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Emergency Medicine: General Topics“

Major Burns: ABC Management	08:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Habilidades Clínicas I - Additional lectures (PPC Medicina 2019: Disciplinas da 2ª Série)“

Pre-operative Assessment of the Patient – General Anesthesia	04:40
Induction of Anesthesia – General Anesthesia	01:34
Securing the Airway – General Anesthesia	03:24
Intubating the Patient – General Anesthesia	07:26
Continuing the Anesthetic – General Anesthesia	03:36
Recovery – General Anesthesia	02:16
Post-anesthesia Care Unit – General Anesthesia	01:38
Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia – Neuraxial Blocks	02:11
Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia – Neuraxial Blocks	05:24
Finding the Epidural Space – Neuraxial Blocks	04:53
Spinal Anesthesia and Analgesia – Neuraxial Blocks	03:32
Usage of the Nerve Stimulator – Other Limb Blocks and Intravenous Regional Anesthesia	05:46
Brachial Plexus Blocks – Other Limb Blocks and Intravenous Regional Anesthesia	05:11
Lower Limb Blocks – Other Limb Blocks and Intravenous Regional Anesthesia	03:01
Intravenous Regional Anesthesia – Other Limb Blocks and Intravenous Regional Anesthesia	04:26
Opiate Receptor Agonists – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	07:44
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatories – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	03:35
Antidepressants – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	01:19
Anticonvulsants – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	01:11
Nmda Receptor Antagonists – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	03:20
Local Anesthetics – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	01:34
Case Reports – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	03:45
Obstetrical Pain – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	06:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Anesthesia“

Basics of Radiology and Computed Tomography (CT)	09:28
Basics of Radiation	06:48
Ultrasound Imaging and Terminology	05:11
Doppler Ultrasound	03:13
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)	11:51
Nuclear Medicine: HIDA and VQ Scan	08:19
Nuclear Medicine: Bone, Cardiac and Thyroid Scan	08:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Imaging“

Normal Chest Radiography	05:36
Chest X-Ray Techniques	04:30
Heart and Mediastinal Anatomy in Radiology (Part 1)	03:10
Lung Anatomy in Radiology	02:13
Bony Anatomy in Radiology	01:45
Chest CT Technique and Anatomy	08:31
Lines and Tubes in Radiology	07:44
Lines, Tubes and Cardiac Devices in Radiology	05:24
Consolidation	06:14
Atypical Pneumonia	03:20
Interstitial Disease (Part 1)	03:49
Interstitial Disease (Part 2)	05:04
Hemithorax Opacification	07:16
Atelectasis	03:47
Lobar Atelectasis	06:14
Hyperinflation	04:54
Pneumothorax in Radiology	04:30
Pneumothorax: Diagnosis in Radiology	02:58
Mediastinum in Radiology	04:14
Pulmonary Nodules	06:54
Benign Nodules and Lung Malignancy	05:58
Pleural Effusion	04:21
Imaging Findings of Free-flowing effusion	03:50
Heart and Mediastinal Anatomy in Radiology (Part 2)	04:25
Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette	07:46
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema	06:20
Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema	04:29
Thoracic Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm	04:36
Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension	04:05
Introduction to Breast Imaging	08:48
Breast Abnormalities in Radiology	10:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Thoracic Radiology“

Abdominal Radiography	07:53
Abdominal CT Techniques: Hounsfield Units and Intravenous Contrast	04:54
Multiphase Abdominal CT	04:49
Normal Abdominal and Pelvic CT Anatomy	13:15
Bowel Obstruction and Ileus: Ileus & Small Bowel Obstruction	08:12
Bowel Obstruction and Ileus: Large Bowel Obstruction & Ogilvie Syndrome	05:12
Extraluminal Air: Pneumoperitoneum & Pneumoretroperitoneum	06:11
Extraluminal Air: Pneumatosis Intestinalis & Pneumobilia	04:02
Abdominal Calcifications	07:06
Fluoroscopy: Barium Swallow and Upper GI Series	09:25
Fluoroscopy: Small Bowel Follow-Through, Tube Study and Barium Enema	05:57
Hepatic Cirrhosis	07:41
Malignant Liver Lesions	07:13
Benign Liver Disease: Hepatic Steatosis, Cavernous Hemangioma and Hepatic Cyst	06:19
Benign Liver Disease: Hepatic Adenoma and Focal Nodular Hyperplasia	05:42
Gallbladder Abnormalities	08:17
Intrahepatic Biliary System	03:26
Splenic Abnormalities	01:37
Pancreatic Abnormalities	10:58
Abdominal Trauma	10:19
Adrenal Abnormalities	05:42
Abnormalities of the Kidneys and Ureters	03:32
Renal Cysts and Renal Cell Carcinoma	04:14
Bladder Carcinoma	06:57
Scrotal Imaging: Hydrocele and Varicocele	06:18
Scrotal Imaging - Torsion and Testicular Carcinoma	03:19
Female Pelvic Anatomy	06:11
Ovarian Abnormalities: Simple and Complex Cysts	06:08
Ovarian Abnormalities: Endometrioma and Ovarian Tumors	04:20
Uterine Abnormalities	06:13
Pelvic Imaging in Early Pregnancy	04:12
Imaging Findings in Ectopic Pregnancy	04:10
Heterotopic and Molar Pregnancy	03:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Abdominal Radiology“

Bony Anatomy and Bony Density	05:50
What is a Fracture?	08:45
Types of Fractures	06:06
Arthritis & Hypertrophic Arthritis	04:04
Erosive Arthritis & Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD)	05:15
Infectious and Neuropathic Arthritis	03:23
Quiz zum Kurs „Musculoskeletal Radiology“

Spinal Trauma	05:36
Non-Traumatic Abnormalities of the Spine	11:14
Hydrocephalus and Masses	04:43
Intracranial Hemorrhage and Trauma	07:47
Herniation and Injuries	02:30
Stroke Imaging Findings	06:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Neuroradiology“

Pediatric Fractures	07:18
Chest Abnormalities in Pediatric Radiology	08:20
Bowel Abnormalities in Pediatric Radiology	09:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Radiology“

Introduction: Pathogens and the Immune System	05:29
Immune Response	07:35
Strategies to Eliminate Pathogens	05:06
Organization of the Immune System	05:07
Cells of the Innate Immune Response	03:26
Phagocytic Cells	07:23
Dendritic Cells, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells	04:05
Cells of the Adaptive Immune System	00:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Immune System: Overview and Cells“

Introduction: The Innate Immune Response	02:46
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)	06:59
Inflammatory Signaling and Inflammasomes	05:20
Acute Phase Response	07:19
Acute Inflammation	04:50
Chronic Inflammation	04:12
Complement System	10:23
Acute inflammatory, Type I interferon and NK cell responses	08:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Innate Immune System“

Recognition of Antigens – Lymphocyte Development	04:51
B-Cell Development in the Bone Marrow – Lymphocyte Development	12:29
Immunoglobulin Genes and Recombination – Lymphocyte Development	08:48
Mediation of Antigen Receptor Genetic Recombination – Lymphocyte Development	05:00
Antibody Variable Region Diversity – Lymphocyte Development	06:13
Junctional Diversity, N-Nucleotide Addition and Somatic Hypermutation – Lymphocyte Development	05:53
Class Switch Recombination, Co-Expression and B-Cell Development – Lymphocyte Development	06:36
T-Cell Development – Lymphocyte Development	06:48
T-Cell Development in Thymus and Genetic Recombination of TCR – Lymphocyte Development	04:55
Natural Killer T-Cells (NKT-Cells) – Lymphocyte Development	03:12
Overview of Lymphoid Tissues – Lymphocyte Activation	00:57
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues – Lymphocyte Activation	08:14
Germinal Center – Lymphocyte Activation	03:02
B- and T-Cell Activation – Lymphocyte Activation	04:36
B-Cell Differentiation – Lymphocyte Activation	05:19
Migration and Maturation of Interdigitating Dendritic Cells and T-Cell Differentiation – Lymphocyte Activation	05:53
Costimulation – Lymphocyte Activation	04:02
Introduction to Lymphocyte Recirculation – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	01:20
Blood/Lymphatic Circulation and High Endothelial Venules – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	07:23
Chemokines – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:31
Migration of Central Memory and Effector Memory T-Cells – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:58
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:59
Trafficking and Homing – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	09:05
Introduction – Antigen Processing and Presentation	00:58
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) – Antigen Processing and Presentation	04:53
Polymorphism and TCR Recognition of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	05:34
Diversity of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	04:41
Structure of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	06:37
Main Pathways and Endogenous/Exogenous Antigens – Antigen Processing and Presentation	08:18
Cross-Presentation – Antigen Processing and Presentation	02:46
Presentation of Lipid Antigens by CD1 – Antigen Processing and Presentation	01:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Adaptive Immune System“

Humoral Immunity: Introduction	00:55
Humoral Immunity: T-Dependent, T-Independent Antigens, and Class Switching	04:05
Humoral Immunity: Structure of Antibodies and Immunoglobulin Domains	08:15
Humoral Immunity: Antibody Polymers and Antibody Binding to Antigens	06:17
Humoral Immunity: Function of Antibodies	07:55
Cell-mediated Immunity: Introduction	02:50
Cell-mediated Immunity: Gamma-Delta T-Cells, T-Cell Receptor, and Alpha-Beta T-Cells	07:57
Cell-mediated Immunity: Th0, Th1, and Th2 Cells	05:30
Cell-mediated Immunity: Regulatory T-Cells, Cytotoxic T-Cells, Macrophages, and Intraepithelial Lymphocytes	06:36
Cell-mediated Immunity: Cytokines, Interferons, Interleukins, and Colony Stimulating Factors	05:30
Cell-mediated Immunity: Chemokines, Tumor Necrosis Factors, and Transforming Growth Factors	02:51
Cell-mediated Immunity: Functional Modes of Cytokines and Cytokine Receptor Signaling	04:25
Cell-mediated Immunity: Therapeutic Blocking of Pathological Cytokines and Therapeutic Cytokines	02:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Humoral Immunity and Cell-mediated Immunity“

Introduction – Primary Immunodeficiency	05:13
Complement Deficiencies – Primary Immunodeficiency	04:06
Phagocytic Cell Disorders – Primary Immunodeficiency	05:18
Autoinflammatory Disorders – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:25
Mutations Affecting T-cell Maturation	02:17
B-Cell Immunodeficiencies: Common Variable Immunodeficiency, X-linked Agammaglobulinemia and Selective IgA Deficiency – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:54
T-Cell Immunodeficiencies: Hyper IgM Syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and MHC Class II Deficiency – Primary Immunodeficiency	08:30
Primary Immunodeficiencies Associated with Autoimmune Disease	03:21
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) – Primary Immunodeficiency	04:23
Diagnosis – Primary Immunodeficiency	03:54
Treatment – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:37
Introduction – Secondary Immunodeficiency	03:41
Causes: Immaturity & Pregnancy – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	05:09
Causes: Aging & Infections – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	04:03
HIV Infection and HIV Life Cycle– Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	06:06
HIV Disease: Clinical Course, Treatment & Prophylaxis – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	06:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Immunodeficiency and Immune Deficiency Diseases“

Introduction to Hypersensitivity	01:42
Hypersensitivity: Types	04:42
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 – Causes	07:18
Allergy: Genetics and IgE	02:29
IgE, Mast Cells and Eosinophils	04:40
Allergy: Diagnosis, Therapy and Treatment of Asthma	06:11
Hypersensitivity: Type 2	08:46
Hypersensitivity: Type 3	02:32
Hypersensitivity: Type 4	03:17
Introduction to Autoimmune Diseases	02:14
Immune Tolerance and Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE)	04:29
Genetic Susceptibility to Autoimmune Diseases and Mechanisms	08:46
Autoimmune Diseases: Types	03:25
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia	04:56
Goodpasture's Syndrome, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Graves' Disease and Type I Diabetes	06:31
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)	03:11
Acute Rheumatic Fever	01:02
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	03:18
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)	03:56
Celiac Disease	01:59
Autoimmune Diseases: Therapy	03:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune Disease“

Introduction to the Problems and Rules of Transplantation	04:28
Allograft Rejection and Blood Transfusion	06:22
Blood Transfusion	02:02
Direct and Indirect Alloantigen Recognition	06:10
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and MHC Disparity	06:47
Tissue Typing, Immunosuppressive Drugs and GVHD	04:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Transplantation Immunology“

Introduction to Tumor Immunology	00:45
Leukemia, Lymphoma & Myeloma	05:30
Immune Response to Tumors: Tumor Antigens and Antitumor Immunity	07:57
Tumor-Infiltrating NK Cells	04:52
Tumor Evasion of the Immune Response and Immune Checkpoint Blockade	02:42
Monoclonal Antibodies and Nonspecific Immunotherapy	07:04
Tumor Vaccines	03:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumor Immunology“

Introduction to Vaccination	05:15
History of Vaccination	04:32
Vaccine Components: Antigen, Carrier and Adjuvant	04:20
Types of Vaccines (1): Live Attenuated Vaccines and Inactivated Vaccines	04:40
Vaccination: Subunit Vaccines, Toxoid Vaccines, Conjugate Vaccines	06:20
Future Needs for Vaccines: Influenza, COVID, Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV	08:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vaccine Immunology“

Introduction to Immunodiagnostics	01:03
Immunodiagnostic Methods: Agglutination, Nephelometry, Immunoprecipitation and Radial Immunodiffusion	04:13
Electrophoresis and Western Blot	03:45
Immunoassays: ELISA, RIA and Luminex™	04:57
Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry	03:38
Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)	06:16
Evaluation of Cellular Activity	06:52
Preparation of Antibodies	08:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Immunodiagnostics“

Important Concepts and Terms — Introduction to Microbiology	04:22
Fungi — Introduction to Microbiology	03:01
Protozoa – Introduction to Microbiology	04:52
The Concept of Microorganisms – Introduction to Microbiology	03:43
Surviving the Extremes of Life – Introduction to Microbiology	01:50
Metabolic Wizardry – Introduction to Microbiology	03:52
Why do we Care About Microbes? – Introduction to Microbiology	03:17
Bacteria and Bacterial Structure – Bacteria	06:11
Gram-positive Solution – Bacteria	03:43
Gram-negative Solution – Bacteria	06:14
Bacterial Interior – Bacteria	03:49
Making a Bacterial Cell – Bacteria	04:37
Fueling in Heterotrophs – Bacteria	04:13
Harnessing Bacteria – Bacteria	03:24
Bacteria Exchange DNA – Bacteria	02:49
Virus Overview – Viruses	05:15
How 'infected' are we? – Viruses	05:02
Good Viruses – Viruses	04:05
Are Viruses Alive? – Viruses	01:55
Viruses are Very Small – Viruses	04:04
Viruses are not as Small as we Once Thought! – Viruses	03:01
How old are Viruses? – Viruses	02:15
Virus Discovery – Viruses	04:21
We Continue to Discover new Viruses – Viruses	05:30
Eukaryotic Microbes – Fungi	05:36
Yeasts – Fungi	04:13
Pathogenic Yeasts – Fungi	06:16
Filamentous Fungi (Molds) – Fungi	03:11
Indoor Molds – Fungi	03:11
Histoplasmosis – Fungi	04:13
Global Warming and Fungal Diseases – Fungi	03:32
Introduction to Parasites	02:35
Protozoa – Parasites	03:58
Classification of Protozoan Parasites – Parasites	02:46
Helminths (Worms) – Parasites	05:40
Nematodes (Roundworms) and Cestodes (Flatworms) - Parasites	02:57
Schistosomes – Parasites	04:22
Estimated Worldwide Prevalence of Parasitic Infections – Parasites	01:40
Introduction – Prions	04:13
Scrapie – Prions	03:03
Inactivation of Scrapie Infectivity – Prions	03:14
Current View of Prions – Prions	04:15
Sporadic CJD – Prions	02:58
Forced Cannibalism Spreads BSE – Prions	03:10
Chronic Wasting Disease – Prions	02:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Microbiology: Introduction“

Human Microbiome	06:00
Infection Basics	03:20
Bacteria Spread	03:55
Exotoxins and Type III Cytotoxins – Bacterial Toxins	05:33
Endotoxin – Bacterial Toxins	05:16
Membrane-damaging Toxins and Extracellular Matrix Toxins – Bacterial Toxins	02:20
Antimicrobial Compounds	02:14
Antimicrobial Resistance	07:07
Staphylococci	03:58
Abscesses – Staphylococcus Aureus	09:01
Toxin-mediated Diseases – Staphylococcus Infection	04:31
Group A Streptococci	07:20
Streptococcus Pneumoniae	06:29
Enteric Bacteria	03:17
Vibrio Cholerae – Enteric Bacteria	07:03
Escherichia Coli – Enteric Bacteria	15:14
Shigella – Enteric Bacteria	04:05
Salmonella – Enteric Bacteria	06:38
Clinical Types of Intestinal Infection	02:45
Bacillus	11:02
Clostridium	12:16
Clostridial Infections	10:52
Listeria Monocytogenes	07:00
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae	06:46
Actinomyces Species	04:29
Nocardia Species	05:50
Mycobacterium	02:22
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis	17:03
Mycobacterium Leprae	04:29
Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare	04:07
Neisseria Meningitidis	13:08
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa	11:05
Legionella Pneumophila	11:34
Francisella Tularensis	07:02
Bordetella Pertussis	10:02
Brucella Species	06:05
Campylobacter Jejuni	07:18
Helicobacter Pylori	10:05
Klebsiella Pneumoniae	06:25
Yersinia	00:54
Yersinia Pestis	10:46
Yersinia Enterocolitica	04:40
Proteus Mirabilis	04:23
Haemophilus	01:56
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B	09:54
Haemophilus Ducreyi	02:08
Gardnerella Vaginalis	04:11
Pasteurella	05:18
Bacteroides	06:18
Treponema	08:29
Syphilis – Treponema Pallidum	17:06
Yaws, Pinta, and Bejel – The Endemic Treponematoses	03:39
Borrelia	06:31
Lyme Disease – Borreliella burgdorferi	07:22
Relapsing Fever – Borrelia	05:06
Leptospira	05:53
Chlamydia	05:55
Chlamydia Trachomatis	13:28
Chlamydia Psittaci	01:10
Chlamydia Pneumoniae	01:57
Rickettsia	13:33
Mycoplasma	01:28
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae	16:47
Mycoplasma Hominis	01:19
Ureaplasma	03:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Bacteria“

How are Viruses Studied?	03:56
Viral Culture and Virus Quantification	05:46
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:45
Gapped Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:03
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	02:20
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) – RNA Virus Genomes	03:58
Positive-sense Single-stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	06:21
Negative-sense Single-stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	04:28
Ambisense RNA Virus Genomes	01:58
Genetic Engineering of Viruses	03:59
Breakthrough in Virology	05:34
Viral Genomes	05:14
Adenoviruses	11:23
Herpesviruses	05:12
Herpex Simplex Virus-1 and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 – Herpesviruses	11:46
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) – Herpesviruses	05:37
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) – Herpesviruses	07:39
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Herpesviruses	05:46
Roseolovirus (HHV-6 and HHV-7) – Herpesviruses	02:38
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) – Herpesviruses	04:01
Papillomaviruses	22:33
BK and JC Virus – Polyomaviruses	07:14
Poxviruses	04:39
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV) – Poxviruses	01:57
Hepatitis B Virus – Hepadnaviruses	12:15
B19 Parvovirus – Parvoviruses	07:58
Rotavirus and Colorado Tick Fever Virus – Reoviruses	08:17
Picornaviruses	01:47
Enteroviruses – Picornaviruses	13:24
Rhinoviruses – Picornaviruses	06:17
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) – Picornaviruses	06:07
Norwalk Virus and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) – Caliciviruses	05:23
Flaviviruses	01:06
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) – Flaviviruses	06:25
Arboviruses – Flaviviruses	08:16
Rubella and Other Togaviruses	11:09
Retroviruses	02:59
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – Retroviruses	09:24
AIDS-defining Diseases – Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)	17:15
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) – Hepeviruses	08:08
Paramyxoviruses	03:04
Measles Virus – Paramyxoviruses	06:41
Mumps Virus – Paramyxoviruses	03:17
Parainfluenza Viruses – Paramyxoviruses	05:57
Rabies Virus – Rhabdoviruses	09:01
Ebola and Marburg Viruses – Filoviruses	06:02
Influenza Viruses – Orthomyxoviruses	12:45
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) and Lassa Fever Virus – Arenaviruses	04:50
Bunyaviruses	02:20
Hantaviruses – Bunyaviruses	02:45
California Encephalitis Virus – Bunyaviruses	03:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Viruses“

Coronaviridae: Overview	07:52
Characteristics of COVID-19	02:21
COVID-19: Transmission	04:18
COVID-19: Basic Reproduction Number	06:17
COVID-19: Case Fatality Rate (CFR) & Infection Fatality Rate (IFR)	07:10
COVID-19: Epidemiology	10:53
COVID-19: Pathogenesis	08:09
COVID-19: Clinical Aspects	08:27
COVID-19: Complications	07:16
COVID-19: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:21
COVID-19: Prevention	05:42
COVID-19: Vaccines	06:00
COVID-19: Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Side Effects of Vaccines	08:00
COVID-19: Challenges and Prospects of Vaccine Development	04:58
COVID-19: Clinical Case	18:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Coronavirus“

Eukaryotic Microbes	08:31
Fungal Dimorphism	01:54
Fungal Infections	02:29
Sources of Fungal Infections	00:42
Antifungal Agents	02:25
Introduction to Fungi: Learning Outcomes	00:25
Endemic Mycoses: Overview	00:28
Histoplasmosis: Introduction – Endemic Mycoses	08:17
Histoplasmosis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention – Endemic Mycoses	02:49
Coccidiomycosis (Valley Fever) – Endemic Mycoses	09:52
Endemic Mycoses: Learning Outcomes	00:28
Opportunistic Infections: Introduction	00:30
Candidiasis – Opportunistic Infections	08:07
Cryptococcosis – Opportunistic Infections	04:03
Aspergillosis – Opportunistic Infections	04:37
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) – Opportunistic Infections	03:29
Opportunistic Infections: Learning Outcomes	00:44
Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses: Introduction	00:42
Sporotrichosis – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	05:05
Dermatophytes – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	06:06
Cutaneous Fungal Infections	09:36
Malassezia – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	02:53
Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses: Learning Outcomes	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Fungi“

Giardia lamblia – Protozoa (GI Infection)	05:17
Entamoeba Histolytica – Protozoa (GI Infection)	06:06
Cryptosporidium – Protozoa (GI Infection)	04:51
Cystoisospora – Protozoa (GI Infection)	04:49
Cyclospora – Protozoa (GI Infection)	05:34
Toxoplasma gondii – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	06:58
Toxoplasmosis – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	03:52
Trypanosoma brucei – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	08:06
African Trypanosomiasis – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	04:38
American Trypanosomiasis – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	07:23
Leishmania – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	12:38
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	04:05
Plasmodium – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	09:22
Malaria – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	06:42
Babesia – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	05:43
Trichomonas – Protozoa (Sexually Transmitted Infection)	05:00
Introduction to Helminths	02:28
Ascaris lumbricoides (Nematodes) – Helminths	08:48
Hookworms (Nematodes) – Helminths	04:54
Trichinella spiralis and Trichinosis (Nematodes) – Helminths	04:30
Taenia (Cestodes) – Helminths	05:49
Echinococcus (Cestodes) – Helminths	09:11
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosomiasis (Trematodes) – Helminths	07:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Parasites“

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSEs) of Humans	08:50
Pathogenesis – TSEs	03:53
Prion Protein – TSEs	02:00
Mad Cow Disease – TSEs	06:33
Molecular Test for TSE Prions – TSEs	04:38
Chronic Wasting Disease – TSEs	07:26
Origins of Prion Diseases – TSEs	02:30
TSEs: Learning Outcomes	00:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Prions“

Expose the Patient	02:15
Examining the Stomach	02:06
Examining the Liver	02:23
Auscultation	01:17
Completing the Examination	02:33
JVP	04:45
Shifting Dullness	02:29
Scratch Test	02:48
Quiz zum Kurs „The Physical Exam (MRCS)“

Quiz zum Kurs „Disciplinas da 2ª Série (PPC Medicina 2019)“