Doctoring 2 - Block 4: Pathophysiology

Epithelium: Introduction	04:29
Epithelium: Classification	10:00
Epithelium: Epithelial Cells Exhibit Polarity	06:45
Epithelium: How Are Epithelial Cells Joined Together?	03:25
Epithelium: Surfaces of Epithelial Cells	03:01
Epithelium: Basement Membrane	03:41
Exocrine Glands	03:51
How Do Exocrine Glands Release Their Secretory Products?	02:40
How Are Exocrine Glands Classified and Named?	04:20
Mucous and Serous Glands	03:52
Lobes, Lobules and Cytogenesis	06:36
Names of Ducts of Glands	08:36
Mucosa and Serosa	07:15
Skin (Integumentary System)	16:58
Cells of the Epidermis	06:55
The Skin is a Large Sensory Receptor Organ	06:07
Skin Appendages	15:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Epithelial Tissue“

Thoracic Wall: Blood Supply – Thorax Muscles and Thoracic Wall	03:34
Muscles – Thorax Muscles and Thoracic Wall	14:25
Movements – Thorax Muscles and Thoracic Wall	04:31
Osteology – Thorax Muscles and Thoracic Wall	11:48
Thoracic Wall: Innervation – Thorax Muscles and Thoracic Wall	07:08
Radiograph – Thoracic Diaphragm	04:17
Innervation – Thoracic Diaphragm	04:33
Blood Supply – Thoracic Diaphragm	03:43
Attachments – Thoracic Diaphragm	05:54
Overview – Thoracic Diaphragm	04:42
Mammogram – Breast	04:22
Blood Supply and Innervation – Breast	05:02
Gross Appearance – Breast	05:27
Sentinel Node Biopsy – Breast	07:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Thorax – Gross Anatomy“

Concepts – Vertebral Column	09:13
Typical Vertebra – Vertebral Column	04:03
Segmental Vertebral Specification – Vertebral Column	08:21
Lumbar Vertebrae – Vertebral Column	08:15
Articulations – Vertebral Column	04:20
Ligaments – Vertebral Column	09:13
Superficial Back Muscles – Back Muscles	11:46
Intermediate Back Muscles – Back Muscles	02:28
Deep Back Muscles – Back Muscles	18:32
Suboccipital Muscles – Back Muscles	05:59
Neurovascular Structures – Back Muscles	07:04
Summary – Back Muscles	02:27
Surface Relief – Topographic Back Anatomy	06:48
Triangles – Topographic Back Anatomy	05:15
Lumbar Puncture – Topographic Back Anatomy	02:20
Projections of Viscera Onto the Back – Topographic Back Anatomy	10:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Back—Gross Anatomy“

Introduction – Bones and Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb	07:14
Osteology of the Upper Limb – Bones and Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb	03:15
Clavicle – Bones and Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb	05:02
Scapula – Bones and Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb	07:30
Humerus – Bones and Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb	08:19
Ulna – Bones and Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb	04:24
Radius – Bones and Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb	03:05
Hand – Bones and Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb	05:09
Ranges of Movement – Bones and Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb	04:57
Fascia – Cutaneous Innervation and Venous Drainage of Upper Limb	06:16
Superficial Venous Drainage – Cutaneous Innervation and Venous Drainage of Upper Limb	06:24
Cutaneous Innervation – Cutaneous Innervation and Venous Drainage of Upper Limb	09:02
Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles – Anatomy of the Shoulder	10:41
Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles – Anatomy of the Shoulder	06:57
Scapulohumeral Muscles – Anatomy of the Shoulder	12:54
Axilla – Axilla and Brachial Plexus	06:16
Scapulohumeral Muscles – Axilla and Brachial Plexus	05:50
Axillary Artery – Axilla and Brachial Plexus	06:53
Brachial Plexus – Axilla and Brachial Plexus	14:19
Arm in Cross Section – Anatomy of the Arm	03:13
Anterior Compartment – Anatomy of the Arm	08:19
Cubital Fossa – Anatomy of the Arm	04:14
Posterior Compartment – Anatomy of the Arm	04:33
Neurovasculature Relations – Anatomy of the Arm	02:46
Forearm in Cross-section – Anatomy of the Forearm	03:14
Anterior Compartment – Anatomy of the Forearm	07:26
Deep Layer (AC) – Anatomy of the Forearm	04:27
Superficial and Middle Layers (AC) – Anatomy of the Forearm	04:59
Posterior Compartment – Anatomy of the Forearm	06:02
Deep and Outcropping Layer (PC) – Anatomy of the Forearm	10:43
Dorsum – Anatomy of the Hand	08:46
Palmar Aspect – Anatomy of the Hand	06:24
Adductor Compartment – Anatomy of the Hand	05:32
Carpal Tunnel – Anatomy of the Hand	03:38
Short Muscles and Extrinsic Tendons – Anatomy of the Hand	11:26
Blood Supply – Overview of Arterial Supply to Upper Limb	02:14
Axillary Artery – Overview of Arterial Supply to Upper Limb	05:56
Brachial Artery – Overview of Arterial Supply to Upper Limb	04:52
Radial and Ulnar Arteries – Overview of Arterial Supply to Upper Limb	05:20
Blood Supply of the Hand – Overview of Arterial Supply to Upper Limb	06:35
Sternoclavicular Joint – Joints of Upper Limb	03:43
Acromioclavicular Joint – Joints of Upper Limb	03:04
Glenohumeral Joint – Joints of Upper Limb	06:11
Elbow Joint – Joints of Upper Limb	04:15
Radio-ulnar Joints – Joints of Upper Limb	02:48
Joints of the Hand – Joints of Upper Limb	04:01
Joints of Digits – Joints of Upper Limb	03:04
Musculocutaneous Nerve – Nerve Lesion of Upper Limb	03:27
Median Nerve – Nerve Lesion of Upper Limb	05:40
Ulnar and Radial Nerves – Nerve Lesion of Upper Limb	03:55
Axillary and Long Thoracic Nerves – Nerve Lesion of Upper Limb	03:41
Quiz zum Kurs „Upper Limb Anatomy [Archive]“

Surface Anatomy – Lower Limb	04:48
Hip Bone – Osteology of Lower Limb	00:53
Ilium – Osteology of Lower Limb	03:12
Ischium – Osteology of Lower Limb	02:43
Pubis – Osteology of Lower Limb	03:59
Femur – Osteology of Lower Limb	03:12
Patella – Osteology of Lower Limb	00:57
Tibia – Osteology of Lower Limb	03:07
Fibula – Osteology of Lower Limb	01:19
Foot – Osteology of Lower Limb	07:08
Movement – Osteology of Lower Limb	03:09
Introduction – Lower Limb: Superficial Structures and Cutaneous Innervation	00:33
Fascia – Lower Limb: Superficial Structures and Cutaneous Innervation	03:03
Venous Drainage – Lower Limb: Superficial Structures and Cutaneous Innervation	04:00
Cutaneous Innervation – Lower Limb: Superficial Structures and Cutaneous Innervation	03:54
Introduction – Lumbosacral Plexus	02:34
Lumbar Plexus: in Situ – Lumbosacral Plexus	04:36
Sacral and Coccygeal Plexus – Lumbosacral Plexus	03:49
Sciatic Nerve – Lumbosacral Plexus	02:20
Coccygeal Plexus – Lumbosacral Plexus	01:48
Introduction – Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh	00:33
Gluteal Region – Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh	07:55
Neurovasculature – Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh	02:13
Posterior Thigh: Cross-section – Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh	05:34
Posterior Thigh Muscles – Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh	01:42
Popliteal Fossa: Boundaries – Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh	02:15
Popliteal Fossa: Contents – Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh	02:08
Introduction – Anterior and Medial Thigh	00:42
Anterior Thigh Muscles – Anterior and Medial Thigh	05:01
Anterior Compartment of Thigh – Anterior and Medial Thigh	02:48
Medial Thigh Muscles – Anterior and Medial Thigh	06:08
Pes Anserinus – Anterior and Medial Thigh	01:34
Femoral Triangle – Anterior and Medial Thigh	04:08
Adductor Canal – Anterior and Medial Thigh	02:44
Introduction – Anatomy of the Leg	03:36
Anterior Compartment – Anatomy of the Leg	06:23
Lateral Compartment – Anatomy of the Leg	04:31
Posterior Compartment – Anatomy of the Leg	05:35
Superficial Layer of Posterior Compartment – Anatomy of the Leg	06:22
Introduction – Anatomy of the Foot	00:56
Dorsum of Foot – Anatomy of the Foot	05:10
Plantar Aspect – Anatomy of the Foot	03:53
Muscles of Sole of Foot: Layer 1 – Anatomy of the Foot	02:13
Muscles of Sole of Foot: Layer 2 – Anatomy of the Foot	02:21
Muscles of Sole of Foot: Layer 3 – Anatomy of the Foot	02:03
Muscles of Sole of Foot: Layers 4 – Anatomy of the Foot	02:12
Sole of Foot – Anatomy of the Foot	03:28
Blood Supply – Overview of Arterial Supply to Lower Limb	02:34
Thigh – Overview of Arterial Supply to Lower Limb	04:54
Gluteal Region – Overview of Arterial Supply to Lower Limb	03:57
Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa – Overview of Arterial Supply to Lower Limb	04:53
Posterior Leg – Overview of Arterial Supply to Lower Limb	02:50
Anterior Leg – Overview of Arterial Supply to Lower Limb	01:30
Foot – Overview of Arterial Supply to Lower Limb	04:47
Introduction – Joints of Lower Limb	05:12
Knee Joint – Joints of Lower Limb	05:31
Ligaments and Menisci of the Knee Joint - Joints of Lower Limb	06:26
Tibiofibular Joint – Joints of Lower Limb	01:42
Ankle Joint – Joints of Lower Limb	05:49
Joints of the Foot: Talocalcaneal – Joints of Lower Limb	02:04
Joints of the Foot: Plantar Ligaments – Joints of Lower Limb	01:50
Arches of the Foot – Joints of Lower Limb	02:37
Overview – Nerve Lesions of the Lower Limb	00:24
Sciatic Nerve – Nerve Lesions of the Lower Limb	01:56
Superior Gluteal Nerve — Nerve Lesions of the Lower Limb	03:24
Common Fibular Nerve – Nerve Lesions of the Lower Limb	02:05
Tibial Nerve Injury – Nerve Lesions of the Lower Limb	02:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Lower Limb Anatomy [Archive]“

Development of the Vertebrae	10:07
Limb Development and Muscle Migration	10:08
Development of the Limb Bones	09:13
Signals Responsible for Limb Growth	05:04
Development of Skin and Associated Glands	08:40
Development of Hair and Nails	05:33
Development of Teeth	09:22
Ossification of Skull	06:26
Development of Sutures and Fontanelles	05:51
Malformations in Skull Development	06:26
Pharyngeal Arches	10:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue—Embryology“

Epithelium: Basement Membrane	03:41
Epithelium: Introduction	04:29
Epithelium: Epithelial Cells Exhibit Polarity	06:45
Epithelium: Classification	10:00
Epithelium: How Are Epithelial Cells Joined Together?	03:25
Epithelium: Surfaces of Epithelial Cells	03:01
Exocrine Glands	03:51
How Do Exocrine Glands Release Their Secretory Products?	02:40
Mucous and Serous Glands	03:52
Lobes, Lobules and Cytogenesis	06:36
Names of Ducts of Glands	08:36
Mucosa and Serosa	07:15
How Are Exocrine Glands Classified and Named?	04:20
Other Common Named Locations	06:42
Introduction to the Connective Tissue	03:00
What Are the Properties of Connective Tissues?	03:29
How Are Connective Tissues Classified?	10:56
Histological Distinction and Extracellular Constituents	07:01
Cells: Adult Stem Cell Niches, Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell	06:15
Cells: Introduction	04:16
Cells: Macrophages	03:25
Cells: Mast Cell and Adipocyte	03:59
Skin Appendages	15:07
The Skin is a Large Sensory Receptor Organ	06:07
Cells of the Epidermis	06:55
Skin (Integumentary System)	16:58
Muscle Tissue: Introduction	03:41
How Is Muscle Tissue Classified?	11:58
Organization of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber	09:47
Innervation of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber	07:38
Histology of the Three Muscle Types, and Their Responses to Stress and Injury	06:06
Sarcomere	10:45
Does Cartilage Grow and can it be Repaired?	06:09
Cartilage	05:08
3 Types of Cartilages	17:48
Structure of Bones	04:19
Different Types of Bone	11:02
Osteon	10:54
How Do Osteocytes Receive Their Nutrients?	04:14
Mineralization of the Bone Matrix	07:22
Bone Growth	06:43
Bone Cells	07:43
Immature Bone	02:54
Introduction to Bone Formation & Growth	05:12
Bone Formation	08:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue—Histology“

Bone: Structure and Function	07:53
Bone Remodeling	07:20
Control and Regulation of Calcium and Phosphorus	05:51
Types of Muscle Contractions	03:27
Initiation of Muscle Contraction	03:21
Cross-bridge Cycling	02:55
Force Production and Motor Unit	04:31
Muscle Fiber Types and Properties	06:17
Smooth Muscles: Location and Types	03:00
Smooth Muscles: Structure Function	07:06
Smooth Muscles: Contraction and Relaxation	09:09
Quiz zum Kurs „Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue—Physiology“

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)	03:12
Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Agents (DMARDS)	06:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue—Pharmacology“

Skin: Functions	05:13
Skin: Epidermis	09:45
Skin: Dermis	03:57
Skin: Appendages	06:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Review: Physiology and Structure of the Skin“

Photoaging: Pathophysiology	05:56
Photoaging: Diagnosis and Management	04:54
Androgenetic Alopecia: Pathophysiology	06:11
Androgenetic Alopecia: Diagnosis and Management	04:56
Hair Whitening	05:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Degenerative Changes of Skin and Hair“

Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Pathophysiology	06:08
Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Diagnosis and Management	04:42
Freckles	04:41
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi	05:30
Acquired Melanocytic Nevi	08:45
Vitiligo: Pathophysiology	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of Maturation and Pigmentation of the Skin“

Eczema: Pathophysiology	07:11
Eczema: Diagnosis and Management	05:57
Erythema Multiforme: Pathophysiology	08:23
Psoriasis: Pathophysiology	07:16
Psoriasis: Diagnosis and Management	04:37
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Pathophysiology	07:30
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Management	05:24
Lichen Planus: Pathophysiology	03:41
Lichen Planus: Diagnosis and Management	08:31
Acne: Pathophysiology	08:01
Acne: Diagnosis and Management	07:00
Rosacea: Pathophysiology	05:35
Rosacea: Diagnosis and Management	05:54
Panniculitis: Pathophysiology	07:25
Panniculitis: Diagnosis and Management	03:29
Erythema Nodosum: Pathophysiology	08:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammatory Lesions of the Skin“

Warts (Verrucae): Definition and Pathophysiology	06:40
Warts (Verrucae): Diagnosis and Management	05:46
Molluscum Contagiosum: Pathophysiology	05:52
Impetigo: Pathophysiology	08:21
Fungal Skin Infections: Pathophysiology	07:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Infection Conditions of the Skin“

Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid: Pathophysiology	08:51
Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid: Diagnosis and Management	10:33
Dermatitis Herpetitiformis: Pathophysiology	10:49
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Pathophysiology	06:55
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Diagnosis and Management	03:41
Porphyria: Pathophysiology	09:17
Porphyria: Diagnosis and Management	02:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Blistering Skin Disorders“

Seborrheic Keratosis: Pathophysiology	09:28
Acanthosis Nigricans: Pathophysiology	05:49
Acrochordon: Pathophysiology	05:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Benign Epithelial Tumors of the Skin“

Sebaceous Gland Tumors: Pathophysiology	09:11
Trichoepithelioma: Pathophysiology	06:22
Eccrine Gland Tumors: Pathophysiology	11:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Adnexal Tumors of the Skin“

Actinic Keratosis: Pathophysiology	10:36
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Pathophysiology	07:29
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Management	06:13
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Pathophysiology	07:52
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Management	07:40
Melanoma: Pathophysiology	07:30
Melanoma: Clinical Manifestation	07:53
Melanoma: Diagnosis and Management	09:51
Dermatofibroma: Pathophysiology	04:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Premalignant and Malignant Epidermal and Dermal Tumors“

Mastocytosis: Pathophysiology	10:31
Leukemia Cutis: Pathophysiology	04:41
T-Cell Lymphomas: Pathophysiology	05:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of Cutaneous Lymphoid Cells“

Bony Anatomy and Bony Density	05:50
What is a Fracture?	08:45
Types of Fractures	06:06
Arthritis & Hypertrophic Arthritis	04:04
Erosive Arthritis & Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD)	05:15
Infectious and Neuropathic Arthritis	03:23
Quiz zum Kurs „Musculoskeletal Radiology“

Anemia and Iron Deficiency – Red Cell Disorders	10:27
Thalassemia – Red Cell Disorders	04:38
Types of Anemia – Red Cell Disorders	19:04
Polycythemia – Red Cell Disorders	04:28
Types – Leukemia	05:25
Acute Leukemia – Leukemia	25:23
Chronic Leukemia – Leukemia	10:50
Hodgkin Lymphoma – Lymphoma	11:35
Non-hodgkin Lymphomas – Lymphoma	03:56
Other Types – Lymphoma	09:16
Myelodysplasia – Hematopoietic Malignancies and Aplastic Anemia	08:32
Myeloproliferative Disease – Non-malignant conditions and Multiple Myeloma	16:21
Aplastic Anemia – Hematopoietic Malignancies and Aplastic Anemia	05:35
Hemostasis – Bleeding Disorders	15:25
Other Forms – Bleeding Disorders	15:05
Thrombosis – Thrombosis and Anti-Thrombotic Therapy	10:27
Anticoagulant Drugs – Thrombosis and Anti-Thrombotic Therapy	12:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Hematologic Disorders“

Thoracic Cavity – Lungs, mediastinum and cardiac valves	09:02
Topography of the Lungs – Lungs, mediastinum and cardiac valves	02:19
Mediastinum – Lungs, mediastinum and cardiac valves	04:12
Mediastinal Areas – Lungs, mediastinum and cardiac valves	08:17
In Situ View – Heart (Cor)	04:00
Pericardium and Pericardial Cavity – Heart (Cor)	05:55
Surface Anatomy of the Heart – Heart (Cor)	03:32
Chambers and Great Vessels – Heart (Cor)	07:13
Individual Chambers – Heart (Cor)	06:57
Valves – Heart (Cor)	03:35
Coronary Circulation – Heart (Cor)	10:47
Cardiac Conduction System – Heart (Cor)	06:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Gross Anatomy“

Early Development of the Heart	09:04
Formation of the Right and Left Atria	09:45
Atrial Septal Defects	03:23
Formation of AV Canals	05:09
Separation of Ventricles	07:42
Formation of the Outflow Tracts	03:58
Development Defects of Conotruncal Ridges	06:28
Shunts Present in Congenital Heart Diseases	04:25
Aortic Arches and Large Arteries: Introduction	07:11
Aortic Arches: Morphologic Changes	04:50
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves and Anomalies of Arterial Development	09:43
Formation of the Large Veins	05:59
Development of the Subcardinal Anastomosis	11:42
Fetal circulation and Transition to Mature Circulation	09:09
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Embryology“

Heart: Introduction	03:48
Heart: Different Circulations	05:41
Layers of the Heart Wall	06:14
Heart Valve	03:07
Cardiac Muscle	04:57
Conducting System of the Heart	04:14
Heart: Summary	03:24
Vessels: Introduction	01:55
Vessels: the Wall of an Artery and Vein	11:19
Small and Large Arteries	03:53
Pericyte	04:09
Differences between Small Arteries and Small Venules	03:03
Aorta	04:05
Vena Cava	01:47
Capillaries: Overview	09:52
Lymphatic Vessels	03:15
Arteries, Veins, Capillaries and Lymph Vessels: Summary	02:49
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Histology“

Cardiac Pacemakers – Heart Rate and Electricity	03:54
Membrane Potential – Heart Rate and Electricity	05:54
Pacemaker Potential and Pacemaker Cells – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:54
Para- and Sympathetic Control of the Heart Rate – Heart Rate and Electricity	06:49
Influence on Pacemaker Activity – Heart Rate and Electricity	04:02
Heart Rate Ranges and Gap Junction Channels – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:49
Non-Pacemaker Action Potential – Heart Rate and Electricity	04:35
Myocyte Conduction Pathway and Atrioventricular Block (AV) – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:52
Ectopic Foci and Abnormal Conduction – Heart Rate and Electricity	02:08
Electrocardiogram (ECG): Definition, Function & Basic Principles – Electrocardiogram	02:39
Sequence of Depolarization – Electrocardiogram	07:52
ECG Tracing: Definitions and Related Cardiac Timing – Electrocardiogram	03:55
ECG Tracing: Normal Intervals – Electrocardiogram	08:05
Mean Electrical Axis and Determining Axis on ECG – Electrocardiogram	05:56
ECG Abnormalities – Electrocardiogram	05:55
Systole and Diastole – Cardiac Cycle	01:42
Isovolumetric Contraction: LV Phases— Cardiac Cycle	06:12
Atrial Systole and Diastole – Cardiac Cycle	02:52
Complete Picture of the Cardiac Cycle – Cardiac Cycle	04:11
Intracardiac and Vascular Heart Pressure – Cardiac Cycle	04:08
Heart Sounds – Cardiac Cycle	05:07
Cardiac Output, Flow, Pressure and Resistance Theory – Cardiac Mechanics	03:23
Preload and the Frank-Starling Law – Cardiac Mechanics	09:15
Afterload – Cardiac Mechanics	05:30
Inotropy: Definition, Regulation and Effects – Cardiac Mechanics	08:08
Frank-Starling Curve and Atrial Dynamics – Cardiac Mechanics	04:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiac Physiology“

Flow, Pressure and Resistance Theory – Blood Vessels and Pressure (Hemodynamics)	03:47
Fluid Movement Resistance, Laminar and Turbulent Blood Flow – Blood Vessels and Pressure	04:18
Blood Flow and Velocity – Blood Vessels and Pressure	02:38
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) – Blood Vessels and Pressure	04:28
Vascular Anatomy – Blood Vessels and Pressure (Hemodynamics)	10:14
Local Factors of Arterial Pressure – Blood Vessels and Pressure	06:31
Neurohumoral Factors of Arterial Pressure– Blood Vessels and Pressure	05:04
Baroreceptor Reflex – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	05:59
Brain Regions and Autonomic Control – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	02:52
Baroreflex & Baroreceptor Function Alteration, Resetting & Adaptation – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	06:30
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	03:59
ADH (Vasopressin) and Natriuretic Peptides – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	06:33
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) – Regulation of Venous Pressure	02:42
Vascular Function Curves – Regulation of Venous Pressure	04:15
Combination of Cardiac and Vascular Function Curves – Regulation of Venous Pressure	06:00
Isometric and Isotonic Resistance Exercise – CV Response to Exercise	03:44
Blood Pressure Effects on the Valsalva Maneuver – CV Response to Exercise	04:45
Cardiovascular Response and CO Changes in Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	04:12
ABP Response to Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	02:44
Skeletal Muscle Pump and Effects of Chronic Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	05:24
Distribution of Blood Flow – Special Circulations	03:17
Cerebral Circulation – Special Circulations	04:50
Coronary Circulation – Special Circulations	04:29
Cutaneous Circulation – Special Circulations	02:12
Skin Blood Flow – Special Circulations	04:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Vascular Physiology“

Arteries and Veins: Structure and Characteristics	11:36
Resistance and Capacitance Vessels	09:53
Collateral Circulations	04:49
Portal and Dual Circulations	07:25
Functions of the Endothelium	06:48
Types of Endothelium	04:02
Introduction to the Anatomy of the Heart	03:52
Elements of the Heart: Chambers and Vessels	04:32
Elements of the Heart: Collateral Circulation, Valves and Conduction System	09:33
Myocardium	03:53
Sarcomere	05:25
Valves of the Heart	03:56
Coronary Vasculature and Conduction System of the Heart	04:49
Basic Response to Vascular Injury	06:49
Quiz zum Kurs „Structure-Function Relationships in the Cardiovascular System“

Blood Pressure Regulation	06:43
Pathophysiology of Hypertension	08:58
Hypertension: Epidemiology, Classification and White Coat Hypertension	05:01
Hypertension: Pathology, Clinical Features and Complications	06:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Hypertension“

Introduction to Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection	06:43
Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Medial Architecture	08:30
Aneurysm: Definition and Classification, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm	02:07
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm	10:28
Aortic Dissection: Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathology	06:47
Aortic Dissection: Stanford Classification, Signs and Symptoms, Consequences and Diagnostics	09:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Aortic Disease“

Antiendothelial Cell Antibodies and Circulating Immune Complexes – Vasculitis	07:55
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies and Cell-mediated Vasculitis – Vasculitis	04:52
Giant Cell Aortitis and Takayasu Arteritis	06:07
Giant Cell Arteritis	04:23
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) and Kawasaki Disease	05:16
Polyarteritis Nodosa, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) and Microscopic Polyangiitis	06:32
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome and Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease	05:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis“

Varicose Veins: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	08:56
Deep Venous Thrombosis	07:55
Trousseau Syndrome	01:11
Portal Venous Hypertension, Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes	06:21
Lymphangitis, Lymphedema and Other Disorders of Lymphatic Vessels	06:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Vein and Lymphatic Pathology“

Cardiac Pathology: Overview	06:52
Heart Failure: Introduction	09:43
Heart Failure: Pathophysiology	08:07
Heart Failure: Epidemiology and Patterns of Hypertrophy	03:47
Left-sided and Right-sided Heart Failure	10:33
Heart Failure: Diagnostics and Treatment	04:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Failure“

Ischemic Heart Disease: Etiology and Epidemiology	04:44
Factors that Contribute to Coronary Atherosclerosis	06:54
Cardiac Syndromes	04:00
Stable, Prinzmetal and Unstable Angina	05:57
Ischemic Heart Disease: Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology	04:08
Ischemic Heart Disease: Plaque Changes and Adaptive Mechanisms	04:38
Pathology of Intervention	12:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Ischemic Heart Disease“

Conducting System of the Heart	06:32
Arrhythmia: Definition, General Categories and Clinical Manifestations	05:56
Acquired Arrhythmia	10:37
Inherited Arrhythmia	06:20
Sudden Cardiac Death	08:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Arrhythmia“

Regurgitation and Clinical Consequences – Valvular Heart Disease	08:33
Etiology – Valvular Heart Disease	07:10
Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations – Calcific Aortic Stenosis	09:31
Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Mitral Annular Calcification	02:46
Mitral Valve Prolapse	04:47
Etiology and Diagnostics – Rheumatic Heart Disease	03:56
Pathogenesis and Clinical Features – Rheumatic Heart Disease	08:18
Definition and Etiology – Infective Endocarditis	04:14
Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Clinical Manifestations – Infective Endocarditis	08:53
Marantic and SLE-associated Endocarditis and Carcinoid Heart Disease	06:54
Prosthetic Valves	03:47
Definition and Pathogenesis – Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:40
Systemic (Left-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	05:15
Pulmonary (Right-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Valvular and Hypertensive Heart Disease“

Cardiomyopathy: Definition and Types	06:30
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis	07:02
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology	08:34
Peripartum and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy	08:08
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Morphology, Clinical Manifestations, and Complications	04:38
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Etiology and Variants	06:05
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	06:49
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Complications, Morphology, and Histology	03:32
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy	05:57
Cardiac Amyloidosis, Endomyocardial Fibrosis, and Loeffler Endomyocarditis	08:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiomyopathy“

Myocarditis: Definition and Etiology	06:17
Myocarditis: Pathophysiology and Pathology	03:52
Myocarditis: Manifestations, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostics, and Management	04:32
Definition and Etiology – Pericarditis	06:56
Classification of Acute Pericarditis	05:29
Clinical Manifestations and Management – Pericarditis	03:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Myocarditis and Pericarditis“

S1 and S2	05:09
S3 and S4	06:21
Dynamic Auscultation	11:51
Respiratory Variation	08:30
Auscultation Areas	14:14
Rapid Squatting	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Sounds“

Introduction to High Blood Pressure Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Diuretics – Drugs in Hypertension	08:44
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone – Drugs in Hypertension	08:59
Vasodilators – Drugs in Hypertension	06:35
Alpha Agonists – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Beta Blockers – Drugs in Hypertension	05:00
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors – Drugs in Hypertension	01:21
Lines of Therapy – Drugs in Hypertension	07:16
Pulmonary Hypertension Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	11:32
Questions and Case Studies – Drugs in Hypertension	05:27
Introduction – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:32
Nitrates – Heart Failure and Angina Management	05:25
Cardiac Depressants and Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:51
Metabolic Modifiers and Slow Sodium Channel Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:09
Inotropes – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:17
Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	03:05
Renin-Angiotensin Agents and Beta Blockers – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:12
Slow Sodium Channel and Neprilysin Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	08:58
Questions – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:36
Introduction – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	00:48
Group 1: Sodium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:59
Group 2: Beta Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:25
Group 3: Potassium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:25
Group 4: Calcium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	02:08
Group 5: Other Antiarrhythmics – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:39
Questions – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:51
Bile Acid Sequestrants, Niacin and Fibrates – Lipid Control	05:55
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors – Lipid Control	08:38
Fat Absorption and MTP Inhibitors – Lipid Control	02:28
PCSK9 Inhibitors – Lipid Control	07:46
Questions – Lipid Control	03:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Pharmacology“

Definition – Heart Failure	06:22
Pathophysiology – Heart Failure	06:17
Types – Heart Failure	07:02
Causes and Symptoms – Heart Failure	07:58
Testing on Patients and Therapy – Heart Failure	16:06
Classification – Congenital Heart Disease	07:10
Obstructive Congenital Heart Lesions – Congenital Heart Disease	07:09
Congenital Heart Lesions – Congenital Heart Disease	17:05
Conclusion – Congenital Heart Disease	03:03
Anomalous Coronary Arteries – Congenital Heart Disease	16:55
Changing Concepts – Valvular Heart Disease	04:59
Aortic Stenosis – Valvular Heart Disease	08:36
Bicuspid Aortic Valve – Valvular Heart Disease	03:18
Aortic Sclerosis – Valvular Heart Disease	11:31
Aortic Regurgitation – Valvular Heart Disease	04:55
Mitral Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation – Valvular Heart Disease	07:53
Tricuspid Regurgitation – Valvular Heart Disease	07:13
Plaque – Coronary Artery Disease	09:19
Acute Coronary Syndrome – Coronary Artery Disease	10:01
Six Areas of Consensus – Coronary Artery Disease	15:31
Four Areas of Controversy – Coronary Artery Disease	11:15
Diseases of the Heart Muscle – Cardiomyopathy	06:50
Dilated Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	04:47
Secondary Dilated Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	09:23
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	10:18
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	08:37
Therapy – Cardiomyopathy	03:43
Reading ECGs and Identifying Arrhythmias – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	03:51
Conduction System – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	05:24
ECG Trace – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	04:12
Sinus, Atrial and Ventricular Rhythm – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	17:20
Reading ECGs – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	05:12
Complications of Hypertension – Hypertension	05:26
Therapy – Hypertension	09:49
Diuretics – Hypertension	06:00
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System – Hypertension	07:57
Beta and Calcium Channel Blockers – Hypertension	04:10
Other Forms of Therapy – Hypertension	04:30
Cardiac Trauma	05:53
Cardiac Tumors	02:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiac Diseases“

How to Read an Electrocardiogram (ECG): Introduction	09:11
Cardiac Action Potential	04:16
Standard 12 Lead ECG	02:22
Systematic ECG Interpretation	13:47
ECG Case: 22-year-old Man with Anterior Chest Pain	01:40
Review of Normal ECG	03:07
ECG of Myocardial Infarction (MI): STEMI vs. NSTEMI	05:23
ECG of Inferior Myocardial Infarction (MI)	02:24
ECG of Anterior Myocardial Infarction (MI)	03:45
Abnormal Q Waves: ECGs of Healed Myocardial Infarction (MI)	03:21
Abnormal T Waves: Differentiating Pericarditis from Myocardial Infarction (MI)	05:08
ECG Case: 67-year-old Diabetic Man with Low Blood Pressure	02:02
ECG Case: 17-year-old Man with Pressure Feeling under Sternum	01:41
ECG of Ventricular Hypertrophy	12:07
ECG of Atrial Enlargement	01:58
ECG Case: 52-year-old Man with Shortness of Breath	02:01
ECG Case: 44-year-old Woman with Shortness of Breath and Fatigue	01:52
Review of Cardiac Conduction System	04:04
Bundle Branch and Fascicular Blocks	08:58
ECG Case: 70-year-old Man with Acute Anterior MI	02:29
Sick Sinus Syndrome and Sinus Exit Block	04:12
First-degree AV Blocks	01:40
Second-degree AV Blocks	08:10
Third-degree AV Blocks	01:40
ECG Case: 88-year-old Man with Syncope	01:38
Supraventricular Arrhythmias: Introduction	04:04
ECG of Atrial Premature Beats	02:39
ECG of Supraventricular Tachycardia	02:35
ECG of Atrial Flutter and Fibrillation	04:44
ECG of Nodale Extra Systoles	01:01
ECG Case: 80-year-old Woman with Palpitations and Shortness of Breath	01:44
Types of Pacemaker	13:27
How to Read a Pacemaker ECG	01:57
Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) Pacemaker	03:10
ECG Case: 77-year-old Man with Pacemaker	01:06
ECG of Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)	03:44
ECG of Ventricular Tachycardia and Cardiac Arrest	03:09
ECG of Torsades de Pointes	01:37
ECG Case: 40-year-old Woman with 'Extra Heart Beats'	01:42
Effects of Electrolyte Abnormalities on the ECG	07:37
Effects of Drugs on the ECG	02:17
ECG Case: 65-year-old Man with CRF Misses Dialysis	01:11
How to Read an ECG: Conclusion	05:38
Power ECG Case Session	14:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Electrocardiogram (ECG) Interpretation“

Cardiac Case: 57-year-old Man with Substernal Chest Pain	03:27
Cardiac Case: 62-year-old Woman with Fever and Epigastric Discomfort	05:37
Cardiac Case: 44-year-old Man with Indigestion during Exertion	05:32
Cardiac Case: 46-year-old Woman with Shortness of Breath when Walking	05:07
Cardiac Case: 77-year-old Man with Shortness of Breath and Palpitations	03:59
Cardiac Case: 76-year-old Man with COPD and Sudden Increase in Shortness of Breath	04:37
Cardiac Case: 19-year-old Man with Central Chest Pain Worsening when Breathing	03:12
Cardiac Case: 55-year-old Man with Sudden Anterior Chest Pain Radiating to Back	04:01
Cardiac Case: 82-year-old Man with Syncope	02:43
Cardiac Case: 54-year-old Woman with Breast Cancer and Dyspnea	03:39
Cardiac Case: 45-year-old Man with Alcohol Intake after Minor Traffic Accident	06:31
Cardiac Case: 21-year-old Woman with Fatigue and Shortness of Breath when Exercising	03:45
Cardiac Case: 56-year-old Man with Dyspnea and Ankle Edema	03:03
Cardiac Case: 86-year-old Woman with Shortness of Breath during Annual Checkup	03:12
Cardiac Case: 72-year-old Man with Dyspnea at Rest and Inability to Lie Flat	03:33
Cardiac Case: 18-year-old Woman with Murmur	02:40
Cardiac Case: 68-year-old Woman with Murmur and Abnormal Heart Valve	05:54
Cardiac Case: 24-year-old Man with Asymptomatic Murmur	04:10
Cardiac Case: 67-year-old Woman with Cardiac Arrest	03:24
Cardiac Case: 18-year-old Woman with Fast Heart Beat and Shortness of Breath	03:31
Cardiac Case: 79-year-old Man with Pacemaker and Recent Dental Procedure	03:19
Cardiac Case: 22-year-old Woman with Fever and Ankle Edema after Long-term Heroin Abuse	03:07
Cardiac Case: 61-year-old Man with Substernal Chest Discomfort, Shortness of Breath and Diffuse Sweating	04:07
Cardiac Case: 17-year-old Man with High Blood Pressure	03:56
Cardiac Case: 42-year-old Woman with Joint Discomfort, Low Grade Fever, and Dyspnea	02:56
Cardiac Case: 62-year-old Man with Shortness of Breath and Peripheral Edema	05:45
Cardiac Case: 22-year-old Woman with Leg Edema, Dyspnea and Fatigue	04:33
Cardiac Case: 38-year-old Woman with Shortness of Breath and Inability to Lie Flat after Childbirth	05:12
Vascular Case: 72-year-old Man with Foot Pain and Gangrenous Left Hallux	06:03
Vascular Case: 37-year-old Man with Elevated Blood Pressure after Motor Vehicle Accident	03:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Cases“

Upper Airway Development	04:38
Tracheal Development	04:26
Development of Larynx and Large Airways	06:55
Development of Small Airways and Lungs	06:06
Derivatives of Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Body Wall and Cavities	07:19
Formation of Diaphragm: Separating Peritoneal and Pericardial Cavities	08:18
Separating the Pericardial and Pleural Cavities	03:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Embryology“

Thoracic Cavity – Lungs, mediastinum and cardiac valves	09:02
Topography of the Lungs – Lungs, mediastinum and cardiac valves	02:19
Mediastinum – Lungs, mediastinum and cardiac valves	04:12
Mediastinal Areas – Lungs, mediastinum and cardiac valves	08:17
Esophagus – Pulmonary Structures and Esophagus	11:10
Lungs – Pulmonary Structures and Esophagus	11:39
Trachea – Pulmonary Structures and Esophagus	06:10
Pleural Membranes – Pulmonary Structures and Esophagus	09:59
Veins – Thoracic Vessels	09:58
Arteries – Thoracic Vessels	08:12
Subclavian Artery – Thoracic Vessels	04:49
Descending Aorta – Thoracic Vessels	07:43
Brachiocephalic Veins – Thoracic Vessels	06:51
Sympathetics in the Thorax – Thoracic Nerves	09:38
Vagus Nerve – Thoracic Nerves	09:35
Phrenic Nerve – Thoracic Nerves	05:27
Clinically Applied Anatomy – Thoracic Nerves	05:41
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Gross Anatomy“

Respiratory System: Introduction	03:29
Conducting Portion	03:42
Nasal Cavities	08:12
Olfactory Mucosa and Olfactory Receptor	05:46
Larynx and Epiglottis	04:05
Trachea	03:29
Bronchi and Bronchiole	10:10
Alveolus	05:55
Blood Supply and Lymphatic Drainage of the Pulmonary Lobule	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Histology“

Respiratory Cycle – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	04:29
Airway Resistance – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	07:48
Pulmonary Ventilation – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	05:55
Pulmonary Surface Tension – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	04:01
Work of Breathing — Breathing and Lung Mechanics	03:50
Learning Outcomes – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	01:28
Introduction – Pulmonary Blood Flow	02:35
Effects of Pulmonary Artery Pressure – Pulmonary Blood Flow	03:31
Effects of Lung Volume – Pulmonary Blood Flow	04:22
Effects of Hypoxia – Pulmonary Blood Flow	05:47
Learning Outcomes – Pulmonary Blood Flow	00:26
Oxygen Transport – Gas Transport	03:36
Hemoglobin and O₂ Binding – Gas Transport	10:17
Blood Gas Transport Comparison – Gas Transport	01:57
Carbon Dioxide Transport – Gas Transport	05:48
Learning Outcomes – Gas Transport	00:48
Introduction – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	05:59
Alveolar Gas Equation – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	01:56
Practice Calculation – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	03:23
Tissue Hypoxia – Causes – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	04:13
Diffusional Impairment – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	07:33
Ventilation to Perfusion Inequality – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	03:02
Upright Lung – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	08:31
Learning Outcomes – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	01:20
Introduction – Control & Regulation of Breathing	01:45
Engineering Control Systems Approach – Control & Regulation of Breathing	05:39
Central Chemoreceptor – Control & Regulation of Breathing	02:01
Peripheral Chemoreceptors – Control & Regulation of Breathing	06:00
Interrelations of Blood Gasses on Ventilation – Control & Regulation of Breathing	03:20
Other Sensors With Pulmonary Implications – Control & Regulation of Breathing	04:33
Learning Outcomes – Control & Regulation of Breathing	00:51
Breath-hold Diving – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:14
Breath Hold – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	07:14
PO₂ Calculations – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	06:20
Acute Mountain Sickness – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:02
HACE – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:15
HAPE – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:48
Learning Outcomes – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Physiology“

Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	04:45
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Upper Portion	07:48
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Middle Portion	03:32
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Respiratory Zone	07:50
Dyspnea: Definition	05:21
Dyspnea: Causes	04:54
Dyspnea: History	02:36
Cough: Definition and History	03:14
Cough: Pearls	03:17
Wheezing	02:33
Hemoptysis	02:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Pulmonary Pathology“

Chest X-ray – Diagnostic Imaging	02:19
Chest CT Scan – Diagnostic Imaging	03:35
Alveolar Infiltrate – Diagnostic Imaging	05:27
Nodules – Diagnostic Imaging	02:44
Arterial Blood Gases – Laboratory Diagnostics	02:48
Acidosis and Alkalosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	14:40
Metabolic Acidosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:41
Davenport Diagram – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:45
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 1 and 2 – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:49
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 – Laboratory Diagnostics	09:52
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 (cont'd) – Laboratory Diagnostics	10:48
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3a – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:40
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 4 – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:02
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 5 – Laboratory Diagnostics	05:49
Assessing Lung Function – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:53
Alveolar Gas Equation – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:05
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) – Laboratory Diagnostics	07:43
Spirometry – Laboratory Diagnostics	06:35
Loop Spirometries – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:15
Other Spirometry Patterns – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:05
Diffusion Capacity – Laboratory Diagnostics	03:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Diagnostics“

Respiratory Failures: Introduction	02:59
Acute Hypoxemic	04:54
Acute Hypercapnic	11:22
Respiratory Failures: Treatment	05:57
Mechanical Ventilation	06:19
Assisted Control – Modes of Ventilation	05:07
Modes of Ventilation: Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation	01:58
Modes of Ventilation: Pressure Support	06:27
Modes of Ventilation: Mechanical Ventilation Goals	05:13
Modes of Ventilation: Ventilator Airway Pressure	03:27
Modes of Ventilation: Auto-PEEP	05:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Failures“

Obstructive Lung Disease: Pathogenesis	01:32
Obstructive Lung Disease: Signs and Symptoms	05:07
Obstructive Lung Disease: Areas	05:58
GOLD Algorithm	01:54
Emphysema: Introduction	02:52
Emphysema: Pathogenesis A	10:33
Emphysema: Pathogenesis B	09:35
Emphysema: Signs and Symptoms	08:23
Emphysema: Diagnosis	05:20
Chronic Bronchitis: Introduction	01:32
Chronic Bronchitis: Pathogenesis	09:17
Chronic Bronchitis: Differential Diagnosis	07:21
Chronic Bronchitis: Multistep Approach	05:34
Asthma: Introduction	02:20
Asthma: Signs and Symptoms	03:06
Asthma: Differential Diagnosis	04:15
Asthma: Risk Factors & Prevention	03:39
Asthma: Diagnosis	04:38
Asthma: Treatment	08:24
Bronchiectasis: Pathogenesis	05:57
Bronchiectasis: Differential Diagnosis	04:46
Bronchiectasis: Cystic Fibrosis	06:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Obstructive Lung Disease“

Restrictive Lung Disease: Introduction	11:33
Flow Volume Spirometry	05:40
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (IIP)	01:44
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Pathogenesis	03:04
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Signs and Symptoms	05:23
Sarcoidosis: Introduction	01:07
Sarcoidosis: Pathogenesis	06:25
Sarcoidosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:02
Connective Tissue Disease: Overview	03:26
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP)	02:55
Lung Pathology in Lupus and in Rheumatoid Arthritis	03:10
Scleroderma	03:27
Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis	01:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Restrictive Lung Disease“

Occupational Lung Disease: Overview	05:58
Asbestosis: Introduction	08:03
Asbestosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:54
Berylliosis	06:18
Silicosis	04:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Occupational Lung Diseases“

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis): Overview and DIagnosis	12:23
Eosinophilic Lung Disease (ELD)	12:43
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Pathogenesis	07:18
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Differential Diagnosis	02:36
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: TTN, RDS and PPHN	15:05
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Signs, Symptoms, Definition, Treatment	04:30
Pulmonary Embolism: Pathogenesis	04:16
Pulmonary Embolism: Clinical Findings	04:31
Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Factors	04:28
Pulmonary Embolism: Prevention	01:51
Pulmonary Embolism: Signs & Symptoms	02:23
Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnosis	07:32
Pulmonary Embolism: Treatment	03:19
Pulmonary Hypertension	02:43
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 1 & 2	06:15
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 3 & 4	04:14
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pneumothorax	09:47
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pleural Effusion	04:54
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Physical Findings of the Lung	07:39
Sleep Apnea: Definition	03:28
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathogenesis	03:06
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Differential Diagnosis	03:33
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Treatment	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation and the Respiratory Regulation“

Lung Cancer: Definition	01:12
Small Lung Cancer	08:11
Adenocarcinoma	05:59
Squamous Cell Carcinoma	03:00
Large Cell Carcinoma	01:12
Bronchial Carcinoid	04:06
Mesothelioma	05:20
Lung Nodules and Cancer	03:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Lung Cancer “

Hypovolemic Shock	08:06
Cardiogenic and Obstructive Shock	06:29
Distributive Shock	05:31
Approach to Shock	00:48
Poisoning and Overdose	05:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Critical Care“

Asthma Medications	02:01
Bronchodilators	03:13
Corticosteroids	02:03
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists	01:32
Release Inhibitors and IgE-Antibody-mediated Therapy	03:52
Biological Agents: Monoclonal Antibodies	02:05
Asthma Medication Questions	02:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Pharmacology“

Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas and Spleen Development	08:21
Derivatives of the Intermediate Mesoderm: Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	10:32
Development of the Kidneys and the Adrenal Glands	07:14
Partitioning and Malformations of the Urogenital Sinus	07:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinary Tract Embryology“

Urinary System: Overview	03:43
General Structure of the Kidney	08:05
Nephron	04:13
Structure of the Renal Corpuscle	04:39
Filtration Apparatus	03:36
Tubes of the Nephron	08:57
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus	02:27
Urothelium and Urethra	04:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinary Tract Histology“

Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands: Introduction	06:17
Kidneys: Renal Capsule – Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	06:01
Kidneys: Segments and Blood Supply – Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	05:00
Ureters – Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	02:05
Suprarenal Glands – Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	04:21
Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands: Conclusion	00:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Gross Anatomy“

Functions and Segments – Urinary System	09:35
Blood Supply and Control – Urinary System	06:50
Glomerular Filtration Rate	02:22
Starling Forces	09:04
Afferent and Efferent Arterioles	04:24
Regulation of GFR and RBF	09:51
Renal Clearance Equations	08:43
Reabsorption in the Proximal Tubule	06:27
Macromolecular Transport	07:51
Effect of Transport Maximum on Excretion	04:54
Proximal Tubule: Ion Transport	06:55
Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule	04:07
Aldosterone: Effects and Regulation	06:07
Urea Cycle and Collecting Duct	03:00
Secretion and Organic Transport in the Proximal Tubule	04:44
Renal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion	10:33
Integrated Control of Blood Volume: Overview	05:38
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Osmolality	04:36
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System	05:05
Corticopapillary Osmotic Gradient	08:29
Countercurrent Multiplier System	06:14
Body Fluid Compartments	05:37
Measuring Ions and Fluid Compartments	07:19
Changes in Body Fluid Compartment	11:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinary Tract Physiology“

Renal Patho-Embryology	06:46
Horseshoe Kidney	03:36
Unilateral Renal Agenesis	02:15
Potter's Syndrome	06:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Renal Pathology“

Tubulointerstitial Pathology	08:58
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)	03:30
Chronic Kidney Disease	05:30
Algorithm of Acute Renal Injury	13:40
Urinalysis, Acute Renal Failure & Atheroembolism	03:48
Chronic Renal Failure	05:30
Pathophysiology of Renal Failure	07:31
Acute Interstitial Nephritis	01:30
Acute Tubular Necrosis	05:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Tubulointerstitial Diseases“

Glomerular Disorders	05:59
Electron Microscopy	04:27
Pathogenesis of Glomerular Disease	06:35
Mechanisms Producing Glomerular Disease	02:08
Types of Glomerular Diseases	00:51
Nephritic Syndrome	04:44
IgA Nephopathy	05:24
IgA Nephropathy	04:44
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis	04:36
Non-Streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis	02:21
Alport Syndrome	01:40
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis	03:41
Subendothelial IC Deposition Viewed With EM	01:22
Rapidly Progressive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis	04:37
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (rpgn) & Subtypes	05:59
Goodpasture's Syndrome	03:21
SLE Related Kidney Disease	04:13
ANCA Associated Vasculitis	02:40
Nephrotic Syndrome	05:16
Minimal Change Disease	06:15
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis	05:28
Membranous Nephropathy	06:01
Overview of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	01:54
Classification of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:53
Type I Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	04:27
Type II Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:22
Summary of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	02:51
Diabetic Glomerulopathy esp. Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease	10:40
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis and Renal Amyloidosis	03:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Glomerulonephritis“

Renal Dysplasia	02:40
Autosomal Recessive Disease (Juvenile)	04:54
Autosomal Dominant Disease	05:57
Additional Cystic Diseases of the Kidney	03:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Cystic Diseases (Renal Cystic Pathology)“

Renal Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	01:26
Filtration Barrier	06:52
Structure of the Glomerulus	10:59
Clinical Anatomy of the Glomerular Apparatus	05:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Clinical Anatomy“

Urinalysis: Introduction	17:23
Chemical Dipsticks: pH & Protein	03:35
Chemical Dipsticks: Glucose & Ketones	07:20
Chemical Dipsticks: Bilirubin & Urobilirubin	08:22
Chemical Dipsticks: Diseases and Steps in Metabolism	05:13
Chemical Dipsticks: Blood & Nitrates	08:48
Cells in Urine Sediment	04:10
Casts in Urine Sediment	07:35
Crystals in Urine Sediment	02:25
Various Morphology on Urinalysis	07:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinalysis“

Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Overview	05:11
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Etiology	10:02
Actions of ADH: Diabetes Insipidus (DI)	06:38
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Management	12:29
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Differentials	04:55
Quiz zum Kurs „(Nephrogenic) Diabetes Insipidus (DI)“

Regulation of ADH: Response to Water Deprivation	06:45
Regulation of ADH: ADH Secretion	06:08
Regulation of ADH: Volume vs. Osmolarity	04:38
Regulation of ADH: Significance of Clearance of Water	05:16
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)	07:32
Quiz zum Kurs „SIADH“

Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Water & Sodium Pathophysiology	04:10
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Changes in ECF Volume	05:51
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Plasma Osmolality (POsm)	12:45
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Clinical Volume Dynamics	23:16
Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic Disorders	08:12
Dehydration: Isotonic Fluid Disorders	06:02
Hypotonic Fluid Disorders	12:00
Dehydration: Summary of Isotonic and Hypotonic	04:33
Hypertonic Fluid Disorders	11:51
Review	04:13
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation of Water and Sodium Balance	01:26
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Key Points	03:11
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation Wheels	06:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Overview	00:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Crystalloids	03:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Colloids	04:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Saline: Clinical Terminology	08:09
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Distribution of IVFs	06:23
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IV Fluid: 'd5w'	03:22
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IVFs Summary	09:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Fluid and Electrolyte Balance“

Overview: Proximal vs. Distal Nephron	03:27
Tubular Transport by Nephron Segment	28:01
Tubular Secretion	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Nephron	11:50
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Convoluted Tubular Mechanics	12:49
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Correlations	16:31
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Clinical Effects	09:14
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Pathology	07:05
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Fanconi Syndrome	06:26
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Hartnup Disease	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Type 2 (Proximal) RTA	03:52
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Tubular Transport	07:07
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Bartter and Gitelman Syndrome	07:54
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Antenatal Bartter Syndrome	11:01
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Gitelman Syndrome	06:10
Collecting Duct (CD): Transport Mechanism	03:16
Collecting Duct (CD): Different Channels in Different Ducts	03:51
Collecting Duct (CD): Role of Aldosterone	03:54
Collecting Duct (CD): Atpase Pump	02:55
Collecting Duct (CD): Other Renal Tubular Acidoses	09:39
Collecting Duct (CD): Conn's Syndrome	10:15
Collecting Duct (CD): Summary of Clinical Findings	07:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Nephron“

Introduction to Renal Blood Flow	08:40
Renal Functional Anatomy	07:39
Renal Corpuscle – Juxta-glomerular Apparatus	06:50
Tubuloglomerular Feedback	02:58
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 1	12:09
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 2	08:59
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System	11:54
Basics of Creatinine	07:13
Clinical Application of Creatinine: Overview	08:00
Creatinine Clearance – Clinical Application of Creatinine	05:25
Causes of Increased and Decreased Ccr	07:41
Experimental Calculations of Renal Function (Part 1)	13:45
Overview and Calculations – Renal Glucose Transport and Reabsorption	21:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Diagnostics“

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Role of Calcium	05:00
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphate	03:07
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Uric Acid	03:09
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Clinical Correlation	02:23
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Shock Wave Lithotripsy	02:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephrolithiasis“

Introduction to High Blood Pressure Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Diuretics – Drugs in Hypertension	08:44
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone – Drugs in Hypertension	08:59
Vasodilators – Drugs in Hypertension	06:35
Alpha Agonists – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Beta Blockers – Drugs in Hypertension	05:00
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors – Drugs in Hypertension	01:21
Lines of Therapy – Drugs in Hypertension	07:16
Pulmonary Hypertension Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	11:32
Questions and Case Studies – Drugs in Hypertension	05:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Pharmacology“

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Staging and Etiology	07:19
Renal Case: 72-year-old Woman with Altered Mental Status	01:52
Pre-renal AKI: Pathophysiology	04:29
Pre-renal AKI: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:53
Renal Case: 56-year-old Man with Coronary Angiography	01:51
Acute Tubular Necrosis: Pathophysiology and Causes – AKI	07:19
Acute Tubular Necrosis: Diagnosis and Treatment – AKI	09:28
Renal Case: 35-year-old Woman with Increased Serum Creatinine	01:58
Acute Interstitial Nephritis – AKI	05:56
Renal Case: 47-year-old Woman with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma	01:52
Acute Tubular Obstruction – AKI	08:08
Renal Case: 63-year-old Man with Nausea, Fatigue, and Lethargy	02:21
Vascular Disease: Causes – AKI	06:37
Vascular Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment – AKI	05:06
Renal Case: 62-year-old Woman with Nausea, Fatigue, and Lethargy	01:51
Glomerular Disease – AKI	04:31
Renal Case: 66-year-old Man with Voiding Symptoms	01:58
Obstructive Uropathy (Post-renal AKI) with Case	06:27
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Complications	01:44
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): General Approach	05:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)“

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Definition with Case	05:22
Assessing Kidney Function: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) with Case	11:49
Assessing Kidney Function: Proteinuria	04:18
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Stages	03:03
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Causes	07:34
Renal Case: 63-year-old Woman with Elevated Serum Creatinine	02:08
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Pathophysiology	01:12
Renal Case: 49-year-old Man with Increased Serum Creatinine	01:49
Diabetes Mellitus: Common Diseases that Predispose to CKD	06:08
Renal Case: 57-year-old Man with Increased Serum Creatinine	01:43
Hypertension: Common Diseases that Predispose to CKD	02:34
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Complications with Case	08:09
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Risk Factors for Progression	03:27
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Interventions to Slow Down Progression with Case	09:42
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Patient Care	05:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)“

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis with Case	05:41
Nephrolithiasis: Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis with Case	06:07
Renal Case: 49-year-old Man with Recently Diagnosed Kidney Stone	02:09
Nephrolithiasis: Clinical Evaluation	09:37
Calcium Stones: Treatment – Nephrolithiasis	04:05
Uric Acid Stones: Treatment – Nephrolithiasis	01:40
Struvite Stones: Treatment – Nephrolithiasis	02:01
Cystine Stones: Treatment – Nephrolithiasis	02:24
Renal Case: 42-year-old Woman with 2nd Diagnosis of a Kidney Stone	04:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)“

Body Water Balance: Terms and Definitions	07:46
Body Water Balance: Normal Kidney Function	03:55
Review of ADH Regulation	04:30
Hyponatremia and Its Neurologic Effects	04:06
Hyponatremia: Clinical Approach	04:34
Hypovolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia	02:03
Euvolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia	03:51
Hypervolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia	01:25
Hyponatremia: Management	04:55
Renal Case: 39-year-old Woman with Type 2 DM	03:24
Renal Case: 52-year-old Man with Depression	04:17
Hypernatremia: Etiology	05:34
Hypernatremia: Management	04:27
Renal Case: 81-year-old Man with Depression	03:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Water Balance: Hypo- and Hypernatremia“

Review of Potassium Metabolism	11:09
Transcellular Shift – Hypokalemia	03:23
GI Losses – Hypokalemia	02:04
Renal Losses: Metabolic Alkalosis – Hypokalemia	08:10
Renal Losses: Metabolic Acidosis – Hypokalemia	04:49
Renal Losses: Magnesium Deficit – Hypokalemia	00:54
Hypokalemia: Clinical Manifestations	02:49
Hypokalemia: Diagnosis and Treatment	03:49
Renal Case: 32-year-old Man with New-onset Hypertension	01:57
Renal Case: 22-year-old Woman Complaining of Weakness	01:28
Hyperkalemia: Etiology	07:26
Hyperkalemia: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis	03:01
Hyperkalemia: Treatment	04:46
Renal Case: 52-year-old Man with End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)	03:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Potassium Disorders: Hypo- and Hyperkalemia“

Primary vs. Secondary Hypertension	06:35
Renal Case: 34-year-old Woman with New Onset of Hypertension	01:55
Renovascular Disease: Etiology and Pathophysiology – Secondary Hypertension	05:41
Renovascular Disease: Clinical Features and Treatment – Secondary Hypertension	09:42
Renal Parenchymal Hypertension – Secondary Hypertension	02:06
Renal Case: 52-year-old Man with New-onset Hypertension	01:59
Primary Hyperaldosteronism – Secondary Hypertension	08:05
Renal Case: 38-year-old Man with Purple Stretch Marks	01:53
Cushing's Disease and Syndrome – Secondary Hypertension	04:24
Renal Case: 47-year-old Woman with Palpitations	01:46
Pheochromocytoma – Secondary Hypertension	04:58
Renal Case: 59-year-old Man who Snores	01:46
Obstructive Sleep Apnea – Secondary Hypertension	03:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Secondary Hypertension“

Nephrotic Syndrome: Pathophysiology with Case	06:49
Nephrotic Syndrome: Complications and Treatment	03:21
Nephrotic Syndrome: Etiology	03:35
Renal Case: 64-year-old Man with Lower Extremity Edema	01:26
Membranous Nephropathy – Nephrotic Syndrome	12:06
Renal Case: 32-year-old Woman with Abrupt Onset of Edema	01:33
Minimal Change Disease – Nephrotic Syndrome	07:01
Renal Case: 38-year-old Man with Sickle Cell Disease	01:36
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) – Nephrotic Syndrome	09:25
Amyloidosis – Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome	04:56
Diabetic Nephropathy – Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome	04:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephrotic Syndrome“

Acute Nephritic Syndrome: Fundamentals	03:46
Renal Case: 63-year-old Man with Microscopic Hematuria	02:34
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) – Nephritic Syndrome	11:34
Complement Mediated MPGN – Nephritic Syndrome	07:54
Renal Case: 22-year-old Woman with Tea-colored Urine	01:49
IgA Nephropathy – Nephritic Syndrome	09:56
Renal Case: 28-year-old Man with Cola-colored Urine	02:53
Infection-associated Glomerulonephritis – Nephritic Syndrome	07:22
Renal Case: 35-year-old Woman with Edema and Weight Gain	02:26
Lupus Nephritis – Nephritic Syndrome	10:23
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) – Nephritic Syndrome	11:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephritic Syndrome“

Renal Replacement Therapy: Indication and Initiation	05:27
Renal Replacement Therapy: Types	03:21
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: Procedure	07:27
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: Access	05:04
Kidney Transplant – Renal Replacement Therapy	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Replacement Therapy“

UTI: Pathogenesis and Etiology with Case	07:38
UTI: Diagnosis and Treatment	03:54
UTIs in Children	01:42
UTIs in Young Women	02:27
Renal Case: 45-year-old Woman in ER with Acute Onset of Fever	02:26
Acute Pyelonephritis – Complicated UTIs	01:33
Prostatitis – Complicated UTIs	01:42
Catheter-associated Infections – Complicated UTIs	01:34
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis – Complicated UTIs	01:30
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis – Complicated UTIs	01:59
Renal Case: 52-year-old Woman Noted to Have Bacteriuria	01:44
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria – UTI	01:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)“

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen: Introduction	05:39
Abdominal Regions and Reference Planes – Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen	03:46
Position of the Organs – Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen	03:51
Dermatomes – Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen	03:02
Overview – Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	02:52
External Oblique and Rectus Abdominis – Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	05:00
Internal Oblique – Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	01:45
Transversus Abdominis – Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	01:50
Rectus Sheath I – Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	07:47
Rectus Sheath II – Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	03:36
Posterior View – Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	01:57
Blood Supply – Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	02:10
Nerve Supply – Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	03:20
Introduction and Diaphragm – Posterior Abdominal Wall	08:51
Somatic Nerves – Posterior Abdominal Wall	04:02
Abdominal Aorta – Posterior Abdominal Wall	02:42
Inferior Vena Cava – Posterior Abdominal Wall	02:39
Posterior Abdominal Wall: Conclusion	00:48
Introduction – Inguinal Region	01:40
Surface Anatomy – Inguinal Region	02:11
Inguinal Canal – Inguinal Region	12:37
Boundaries of the Inguinal Canal – Inguinal Region	01:17
Contents of the Inguinal Canal – Inguinal Region	02:45
Coverings of the Spermatic Cord – Inguinal Region	04:33
Inguinal Hernias – Inguinal Region	07:48
Anatomy of Esophagus and Stomach: Introduction	03:53
Oral Cavity and Pharynx – Esophagus and Stomach	04:09
Structures of the Stomach – Esophagus and Stomach	05:41
Stomach Ulcers – Esophagus and Stomach	04:48
Vasculature of the Stomach – Esophagus and Stomach	04:56
Esophagus and Stomach: Conclusion	00:34
Surface Anatomy – Small Intestine	04:27
In Situ View – Small Intestine	06:10
Wall Structure – Small Intestine	03:09
Duodenum – Small Intestine	03:03
Jejunum and Ileum – Small Intestine	03:10
Vasculature – Small Intestine	03:42
Nerve Supply – Small Intestine	02:04
Small Intestine: Conclusion	00:47
Surface Anatomy – Large Intestine	04:17
In Situ View – Large Intestine	02:53
In Isolation – Large Intestine	06:20
Caecum and Appendix – Large Intestine	04:20
Wall Structure – Large Intestine	03:43
Vasculature – Large Intestine	03:11
Nerve Supply – Large Intestine	01:20
Large Intestine: Conclusion	00:47
Peritoneum: Introduction	01:58
Peritoneum: Definitions	09:07
Opened Abdomen View – Peritoneum	03:19
Abdominal Cavity – Peritoneum	06:36
Lesser Sac and Lesser Omentum – Peritoneum	03:57
Greater Omentum and Greater Sac – Peritoneum	04:26
Peritoneum: Conclusion	00:28
Liver: Surface Anatomy – Liver and Gallbladder	03:26
Liver: Surface Features – Liver and Gallbladder	05:57
Liver: Peritoneal Relations – Liver and Gallbladder	02:59
Gallbladder: Biliary Tree – Liver and Gallbladder	03:15
Gallbladder: Blood Supply – Liver and Gallbladder	03:00
Liver: Segments – Liver and Gallbladder	02:18
Liver and Gallbladder: Conclusion	00:54
Pancreas: Surface Anatomy – Pancreas and Spleen	03:06
Pancreas: in Situ View – Pancreas and Spleen	04:59
Pancreas: Biliary Tree – Pancreas and Spleen	02:49
Spleen: in Situ View – Pancreas and Spleen	02:14
Blood Supply – Pancreas and Spleen	01:33
Pancreas and Spleen: Conclusion	00:36
Blood Supply – Arterial Supply to the GI Tract	07:16
Coeliac Trunk – Arterial Supply to the GI Tract	04:34
Coeliac Trunk: Branches – Arterial Supply to the GI Tract	02:16
Superior Mesenteric Artery – Arterial Supply to the GI Tract	02:21
Inferior Mesenteric Artery – Arterial Supply to the GI Tract	03:21
Arterial Supply to the GI Tract: Conclusion	00:29
Venous Drainage – Portal System	05:06
Formation Variation of the Hepatic Portal Vein – Portal System	02:23
Portal-systemic Anastomoses – Portal System	01:46
Esophageal, Gastric and Rectal Anastomoses – Portal System	02:26
Paraumbilical and Colic Anastomoses – Portal System	01:59
Inguinal Canal – Abdominal Walls and Inguinal Canal	09:37
Innervation – Abdominal Walls and Inguinal Canal	02:55
Abdominal Wall: Arterial Supply – Abdominal Walls and Inguinal Canal	03:14
Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall – Abdominal Walls and Inguinal Canal	05:02
Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall – Abdominal Walls and Inguinal Canal	18:58
Overview – Pelvic Wall and Floor	03:22
Ilium and Ischium – Pelvic Wall and Floor	06:30
Assembled Pelvis – Pelvic Wall and Floor	04:37
Pelvic Wall – Pelvic Wall and Floor	04:51
Pelvic Floor – Pelvic Wall and Floor	05:48
Sexual Dimorphism – Pelvic Wall and Floor	08:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Gross Anatomy“

Early Gastrointestinal Development	06:25
Esophagus, Stomach Dilation and Rotation, Duodenal Development	09:39
Migration of Foregut Organs and Mesenteries	05:29
Development of the Midgut	10:22
Separation of Cloaca Into Urogenital Sinus and Rectum	08:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Embryology“

Oral Cavity: Introduction	03:39
Lip	03:09
Hard Palate	03:51
Salivary Glands	07:58
Tongue	06:19
Tooth	03:17
Enamel, Dentin and Cementum	05:59
Supporting Structures of the Tooth	03:44
Oral Cavity: Summary	03:06
Histology of Esophagus and Stomach: Introduction	02:30
General Organisation of the Gut Wall	07:22
Esophagus	07:52
Stomach	05:06
Gastric Mucosa and Cardiac Glands	02:44
Mucous Surface and Neck Cells	09:31
Parietal Cells	06:58
Submucosa and Muscularis Externa	04:17
Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas: Introduction	01:22
Liver	03:12
Hepatic Lobule	09:22
Hepatocytes	06:06
Liver: Summary	03:52
Gallbladder	03:49
Compound Glands	03:55
Exocrine Pancreas	03:25
Small and Large Intestine: Introduction	02:19
Small Intestine: Histology	05:58
Small Intestine: Mucosal Cells	07:07
Small Intestine: Duodenum	02:10
Small Intestine: Peyer's Patch	04:27
Small Intestine: Digestion and Absorption Processes	07:09
Large Intestine: Histology	02:43
Rectum and Anal Canal	04:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Histology“

Fundamental GI Functions – Gastrointestinal System	02:14
Overview – Gastrointestinal System	03:54
Phases of Digestion – Gastrointestinal System	03:32
Parasympathetic Nervous System – Gastrointestinal System	01:19
Sympathetic Nervous System – Gastrointestinal System	03:11
Neural Signaling Molecules – Gastrointestinal System	02:31
GI Hormones – Gastrointestinal System	03:34
Learning Outcomes – Gastrointestinal System	00:53
Introduction – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	05:55
Salivary Glands: Structure and Functions – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	03:05
Upper Gastrointestinal Secretions: Salivary and Gastric	07:23
Gastric Oxyntic Gland: Structure and Functions – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	02:11
Gastric Oxyntic Gland: Control and Regulation – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	07:56
Learning Outcomes – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	01:30
Pancreatic Secretions – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	01:54
Exocrine Pancreas – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	08:03
Hepatobiliary – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	05:14
Non-GI Glands – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	04:46
Learning Outcomes – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	00:57
Introduction – Digestion and Absorption	03:13
Digestion – Digestion and Absorption	07:09
Absorption – Digestion and Absorption	13:50
Splanchnic Circulation – Digestion and Absorption	02:41
Learning Outcomes – Digestion and Absorption	01:05
Introduction – Gastrointestinal Motility	04:02
Swallowing – Gastrointestinal Motility	05:25
Gastric Motility – Gastrointestinal Motility	04:10
Intestinal Motility – Gastrointestinal Motility	01:37
Slow Waves – Gastrointestinal Motility	03:24
Learning Outcomes – Gastrointestinal Motility	00:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Physiology“

Stomach Ulcer (Peptic Acid Disease) Medication	07:02
Motility Disorder Medication	07:38
Nausea Medication: Antiemetics – Gastrointestinal Drugs	05:40
Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) and Gallstone Prevention – Gastrointestinal Drugs	02:41
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Medication	02:25
Questions and Case Studies: GERD Medications	02:06
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Medication	11:03
Questions and Case Studies: Steroids, Cyclosporine and Crohn's Disease	07:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Pharmacology“

Gastroschisis	10:01
Omphalocele	04:35
Congenital Umbilical Hernia	03:06
Intestinal Malrotation	10:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Congenital Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders“

Sialolithiasis	06:24
Sialoadenitis	05:55
Salivary Gland Tumors	06:23

Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia	11:05
Dysphagia	10:01
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)	11:01
Esophagitis	06:53
Esophageal Tears and Perforations	05:28
Esophageal Motility Disorders	16:49
Esophageal Diverticula	06:37
Esophageal Carcinoma	11:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Esophagus“

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis	05:55
Gastritis	16:47
Peptic Ulcer Disease	17:48
Gastric Cancer	15:54
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)	06:41
Gastric Lymphoma (MALToma)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Stomach“

Jejunal and Ileal Atresia	03:02
Hirschsprung Disease	11:26
Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology	07:41
Celiac Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:31
Tropical Sprue	07:36
Lactose Intolerance	07:17
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	07:43
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:29
Short Bowel Syndrome and Bile Acid Malabsorption	10:54
Whipple Disease	07:35
Diarrhea: Etiology	10:07
Diarrhea: Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation	09:51
Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:54
Crohn Disease	11:33
Ulcerative Colitis	10:17
Differentiation of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease	09:19
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	08:30
Volvulus	07:15
Intussusception	06:05
Bowel Obstruction	10:46
Appendicitis	07:26
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis	09:22
Meckel Diverticulum	06:32
Angiodysplasia	05:20
Mesenteric Ischemia	10:37
Necrotizing Enterocolitis	07:36
Colonic Polyps: Types and Polyposis Syndromes	11:39
Colonic Polyps: Diagnosis and Management	12:27
Colorectal Cancer	09:30
Anal Fissure	05:24
Perianal and Perirectal Abscess	05:52
Rectal Prolapse	05:24
Hemorrhoids	07:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Small and Large Intestines Disorders“

Acute Liver Disease	04:46
Cirrhosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	11:04
Cirrhosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	08:18
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency	10:02
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	10:46
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:46
Wilson Disease	08:43
Introduction to Viral Hepatitis	02:07
Hepatitis A	02:42
Hepatitis B	04:55
Hepatitis C	03:35
Hepatitis D	02:31
Hepatitis E	01:48
Autoimmune Hepatitis	05:05
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	12:47
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	10:14
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	11:47
Reye Syndrome	05:17
Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Veno-occlusive Disease (VOD)	12:03
Benign Liver Tumors	11:46
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Liver Metastases	14:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Hepatobiliary System“

Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)	10:55
Hyperbilirubinemia of the Newborn	10:04
Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia Syndromes	08:53
Biliary Atresia	06:12
Choledochal Cysts	05:22
Cholelithiasis	10:19
Cholecystitis	11:17
Cholangitis	08:13
Cholangiocarcinoma	06:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Biliary Tract“

Annular Pancreas	03:04
Acute Pancreatitis	10:25
Chronic Pancreatitis	06:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pancreas“

GI Bleed with Case	02:00
Approach to Patients with GI Bleed	08:37
GI Bleed: Initial Management and Diagnostic Studies	05:44
Definitions: Types of Diarrhea	01:08
GI Case: 35-year-old Woman Complaining of 5 Days of Diarrhea	05:34
GI Case: 21-year-old Man with 6 Months of Diarrhea	08:52
GI Case: 33-year-old Man with a 10-week History of Diarrhea	07:02
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with Case	02:37
Microscopic Colitis with Case	02:15
Constipation: Definition and Types	02:26
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) with Case	03:33
Paralytic Ileus with Case	05:04
Dyspepsia with Case	04:08
Gastroparesis with Case	04:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Approach to Patients with GI Symptoms“

Dysphagia and Odynophagia	02:24
Esophagitis with Case	05:07
Esophageal Diverticula with Case	02:04
Achalasia with Case	03:09
Diffuse Esophageal Spasm with Case	02:25
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) with Case	02:35
Hiatal Hernia with Case	03:10
Barrett Esophagus with Case	02:42
Esophageal Cancer with Case	02:38
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) with Case	06:20
Gastritis with Case	03:44
Gastric Cancer with Case	04:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Esophagus and the Stomach“

Duodenal Ulcer with Case	06:45
Upper GI Bleed with Case	05:40
Short Bowel Syndrome with Case	03:51
Diverticulitis with Case	08:19
Clostridioides Difficile Infection with Case	04:57
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia with Case	06:04
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia with Case	03:09
Colonic Ischemia with Case	03:53
Colorectal Cancer Screening with Case	06:03
Colonic Polyps with Case	04:49
Colorectal Cancer Staging with Case	06:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Small and Large Intestines“

Hepatitis B Infection with Case	12:04
Hepatitis C Infection with Case	03:47
Alcohol-induced Liver Disease with Case	03:04
Autoimmune Hepatitis with Case	03:13
Acute Liver Failure with Case	05:16
Metabolic Liver Disease with Case	04:50
Wilson's Disease with Case	03:57
Hereditary Hemochromatosis with Case	04:40
Cirrhosis with Case	07:52
Decompensated Cirrhosis with Case	04:54
Hepatic Encephalopathy with Case	03:31
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) with Case	05:27
Hepatorenal Syndrome with Case	04:29
End-stage Liver Disease with Case	03:44
Cholelithiasis vs. Choledocholithiasis with Case	05:00
Acute Cholecystitis with Case	06:24
Choledocholithiasis vs. Ascending Cholangitis with Case	05:29
Biliary Disorders: Review	02:02
Primary Biliary Cholangitis with Case	04:02
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis with Case	04:26
Approach to Patients with Jaundice with Case	08:51
Gilbert Syndrome with Case	02:01
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) with Case	07:42
Cholangiocarcinoma with Case	05:04
Other Hepatobiliary Malignancies	02:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Hepatobiliary Tract“

Acute Pancreatitis with Case	10:49
Chronic Pancreatitis with Case	04:45
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Case	06:44
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pancreas“

Acute Abdomen with Case	06:36
Common Peritoneal Disorders	01:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Peritoneum“

Introduction to Kinetics | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:46
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	03:51
pKa and Drug Solubility – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	09:10
Drug Distribution – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	09:00
Phases of Drug Development – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:47
Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	06:46
Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	12:02
Introduction and Definitions of Pharmacodynamics – Pharmacodynamics	02:19
Drug Receptors and Effectors – Pharmacodynamics	03:00
Upregulation and Downregulation – Pharmacodynamics	00:53
Dose-Response, Binding, Quantal, Toxicity & Potency Curves – Pharmacodynamics	10:24
Introduction esp. Types of Eliminations – Elimination Kinetics	03:45
First Pass Metabolism – Elimination Kinetics	02:55
Bioavailability incl. Case Study – Elimination Kinetics	02:35
Dosage Calculation: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose – Elimination Kinetics	07:39
Intravenous vs. Oral Medications – Elimination Kinetics	01:16
Renal Clearance – Elimination Kinetics	05:18
Case Study: Correction for Renal Disease	10:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics“

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Overview	05:39
Dual Innervation	03:31
Alpha- and Beta-Blockers	04:19
Sympathetic Blockers	04:20
Sympathomimetic Activators	05:07
Sympathomimetic Effects	12:09
Global Effect of Sympathomimetic Drugs on the Vascular System	04:46
Cholinomimetic Activators and Effects	09:01
Cholinergic Toxicity, Myasthenic Crisis and Cholinergic Crisis	03:11
Anticholinergic Drugs	06:29
Quiz zum Kurs „ANS - Pharmacology“

Overview of Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs – Sedative Hypnotics	08:02
Benzodiazepines – Sedative Hypnotics	04:59
Barbiturates – Sedative Hypnotics	02:03
Atypical Sedative Drugs	08:11
Questions – Sedative Hypnotics	02:44
Case Study – Sedative Hypnotics	02:43
Overview – Antidepressants	02:11
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Antidepressants	03:36
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) – Antidepressants	03:10
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs)	06:43
SNRIs, Serotonin Antagonists and SSRIs – Antidepressants	09:07
Review – Antidepressants	01:07
Antidepressants: Case Study	02:29
Overview – Antipsychotics	01:27
Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Dopamine – Antipsychotics	02:55
Bipolar Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	05:24
Psychotic Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	03:10
Clinical Uses of Antipsychotics and Drug Induced Dyskinesia	03:27
Questions – Antipsychotics	02:39
Dopamine and Disease – Medication of Movement Disorders	03:53
Dopamine Precursors and Agonists – Treatment of Movement Disorders	06:36
MAO and COMT Inhibitors – Treatment of Movement Disorders	02:55
Amantadine and Anticholinergics – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:17
Medications for Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorders	09:29
Overview – Antiseizure Medications	05:19
Treatment Strategies – Antiseizure Medications	09:45
Levetiracetam (Keppra) – Antiseizure Medications	01:25
Questions – Antiseizure Medications	03:36
Overview – Anesthetic Drugs	00:55
Inhaled Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:52
General Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:07
Intravenous Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	03:29
Case Study – Anesthetic Drugs	02:02
Overview – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	01:48
Neuromuscular Blockers – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	07:05
Acute and Chronic Muscle Spasms – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	05:04
Questions – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	06:12
Overview – Local Anesthetics	05:39
Esters and Amides – Local Anesthetics	05:28
Overview – Opioid Analgesics	02:38
Opioid Agonists – Opioid Analgesics	05:38
Mixed Agonists/Antagonists and Antagonists – Opioid Analgesics	04:26
Questions – Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics	05:52
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS - Pharmacology“

Alcohols – Drugs of Abuse	06:10
Opioid Analgesics – Drugs of Abuse	05:49
Caffeine and Nicotine – Drugs of Abuse	02:41
Amphetamines – Drugs of Abuse	04:13
Cocaine – Drugs of Abuse	04:18
Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates and Ethanol – Drugs of Abuse	03:49
Hallucinogens: Psychodelics, Dissociatives and Deliriants – Drugs of Abuse	07:55
Inhalants: Anesthetics, Industrial Solvents and Organic Nitrites – Drugs of Abuse	05:33
Acetaminophen and Steroids – Drugs of Abuse	05:32
Drug Schedules and Controlled Substances – Drugs of Abuse	02:03
Cannabinoids: Introduction – Drugs of Abuse	09:04
Cannabinoids: Consumption and Hyperemesis Syndrome – Drugs of Abuse	07:19
Cannabinoids: Methods of Ingestion – Drugs of Abuse	30:34
Harm of Each Drug Type – Drugs of Abuse	06:24
Guidelines for Cannabinoid Use – Drugs of Abuse	03:51
Effects of Unrefined Marijuana – Drugs of Abuse	06:16
Cannabinoids: THC and CBD – Drugs of Abuse	09:58
Cannabinoids: Summary – Drugs of Abuse	02:19
Carbon Monoxide and Dioxins – Toxic Substances	02:41
Asbestos, PCB's, Herbicides & Pesticides – Toxic Substances	07:20
Toxicology Questions & Case Studies	09:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Toxicology“

Introduction to High Blood Pressure Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Diuretics – Drugs in Hypertension	08:44
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone – Drugs in Hypertension	08:59
Vasodilators – Drugs in Hypertension	06:35
Alpha Agonists – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Beta Blockers – Drugs in Hypertension	05:00
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors – Drugs in Hypertension	01:21
Lines of Therapy – Drugs in Hypertension	07:16
Pulmonary Hypertension Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	11:32
Questions and Case Studies – Drugs in Hypertension	05:27
Introduction – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:32
Nitrates – Heart Failure and Angina Management	05:25
Cardiac Depressants and Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:51
Metabolic Modifiers and Slow Sodium Channel Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:09
Inotropes – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:17
Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	03:05
Renin-Angiotensin Agents and Beta Blockers – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:12
Slow Sodium Channel and Neprilysin Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	08:58
Questions – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:36
Introduction – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	00:48
Group 1: Sodium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:59
Group 2: Beta Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:25
Group 3: Potassium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:25
Group 4: Calcium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	02:08
Group 5: Other Antiarrhythmics – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:39
Questions – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:51
Bile Acid Sequestrants, Niacin and Fibrates – Lipid Control	05:55
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors – Lipid Control	08:38
Fat Absorption and MTP Inhibitors – Lipid Control	02:28
PCSK9 Inhibitors – Lipid Control	07:46
Questions – Lipid Control	03:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Pharmacology“

Overview: Coagulant Drugs	00:55
Antiplatelets	07:38
Anticoagulants	10:02
Thrombolytics and Procoagulants	05:32
Questions: Coagulant Drugs	03:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacology of Blood Coagulation“

Introduction to Insulin	04:13
Insulin Types and Glycemic Excursions – Diabetes Medications	08:37
Secretagogues and Biguanides – Diabetes Medications	04:47
Metformin, Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors and Thiazolidinediones — Diabetes Medications	05:40
DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Analogues — Diabetes Medications	04:30
SGLT2 Inhibitors – Diabetes Medications	12:20
Case Studies – Diabetes Medications	01:59
Diabetes Medications – Summary	02:18
Overview – Adrenal Pharmacology	00:44
Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids – Adrenal Pharmacology	07:51
Catecholamines – Adrenal Pharmacology	02:40
Questions and Case Studies – Adrenal Pharmacology	05:11
Drugs for Hypothyroidism – Thyroid Medications	07:43
Drugs for Hyperthyroidism – Thyroid Medications	11:43
Hormonal Regulators: PTH and Vitamin D – Bone and Calcium Medications	06:44
Hormonal Regulators: Calcitonin, Estrogen and Glucocorticoids – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:20
Non-hormonal Regulators: Bisphosphonates, Fluoride and Calcimimetics – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:41
Biological Agents: RANKL Inhibitors – Bone and Calcium Medications	10:37
Case Studies – Bone and Calcium Medications	03:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Pharmacology“

Overview – Reproductive Pharmacology	02:03
Estrogens and Progestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	11:49
Anti-Estrogens and Antiprogestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	09:38
Androgens and Antiandrogens	06:53
Questions and Case Studies – Reproductive Pharmacology	05:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Pharmacology“

Pharmacology of Inflammation	07:26
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)	05:11
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)	03:12
COX-2 Inhibitors	02:14
Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Agents (DMARDS)	06:36
Immunosuppressive Drugs: Overview	06:19
Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 Inhibitor – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:39
T-Cell and B-Cell Inhibitors – Immunosuppressive Drugs	08:39
Case Study – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:57
Gout Medication: Colchicine, Uric Acid and More	06:16
Inflammation Pharmacology Questions	05:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammation Pharmacology“

Asthma Medications	02:01
Bronchodilators	03:13
Corticosteroids	02:03
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists	01:32
Release Inhibitors and IgE-Antibody-mediated Therapy	03:52
Biological Agents: Monoclonal Antibodies	02:05
Asthma Medication Questions	02:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Pharmacology“

Stomach Ulcer (Peptic Acid Disease) Medication	07:02
Motility Disorder Medication	07:38
Nausea Medication: Antiemetics – Gastrointestinal Drugs	05:40
Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) and Gallstone Prevention – Gastrointestinal Drugs	02:41
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Medication	02:25
Questions and Case Studies: GERD Medications	02:06
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Medication	11:03
Questions and Case Studies: Steroids, Cyclosporine and Crohn's Disease	07:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Pharmacology“

Overview – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	08:02
Penicillins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	10:00
Cephalosporins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:51
Penems – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Monobactams, Cyclic Lipopeptide and Polypeptide – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:13
Glycopeptide and Intracellular Agents – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:30
Overview – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:38
Linezolid, Streptogramins and Chloramphenicol – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:14
Macrolides and Ketolides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Tetracyclines – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:30
Aminoglycosides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:26
Quiz Questions and Case Studies – Antibacterial Agents (Antibiotics)	07:33
Overview – Antimetabolites	11:06
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim and Fluoroquinolones – Antimetabolites	07:37
Case Studies – Antimetabolites	03:39
Overview – Antimycobacterial Agents	02:24
First-line Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	14:51
Other Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	05:02
New Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	04:57
Treatment Regimens for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	06:29
Treatment Regimens for Leprosy and Other Infections – Antimycobacterial Agents	03:36
Case Studies – Antimycobacterial Agents	08:22
Overview – Antifungals	00:42
Azoles – Antifungals	04:14
Polyenes – Antifungals	04:25
Flucytosine (5-Fluorocytosine/5-FC) – Antifungals	06:37
Griseofulvin and Squalene Epoxidase Inhibitor (Terbinafine) – Antifungals	02:01
Echinocandins – Antifungals	06:09
Questions – Antifungals	02:56
Overview of Antiviral Activity – Antiviral Drugs	02:49
Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	07:27
CCR5 – Antiviral Drugs	02:00
Anti-HIV Agents: Entry Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	06:34
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NsRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	06:54
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	03:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	04:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:55
Anti-HIV Agents: Maturation Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:53
Anti-HIV Agents: Protease Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	06:30
Anti-HIV Agents: Other Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	02:05
Case Studies about Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	03:21
Anti-Herpes Agents: Thymidine Kinase Agents – Antiviral Drugs	08:04
Anti-Herpes Agents: Foscarnet – A pyrophosphate analog	04:19
Influenza Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	07:25
Hepatitis Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	06:45
Overview – Antiviral Agents and Treatment of CMV Retinitis – Antiviral Drugs	01:48
Case Studies – Antiviral Drugs	09:07
Antimalarial Drugs – Antiprotozoal Agents	13:04
Amebicides – Antiprotozoal Agents	08:20
Nematicides – Anthelmintic Drugs	05:28
Trematocides (Praziquantel) and Cestodicides (Niclosamide) – Anthelmintic Drugs	02:15
Questions – Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs	03:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Antimicrobial Pharmacology“

Types of Topical Medications	04:57
Stable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	06:59
Unstable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	03:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Topical Medications“

Frameworks of Cellular Pathology	12:54
Mechanisms of Cell Injury	07:06
Subcellular Organization	04:57
Basic Cell Housekeeping Functions	04:24
Phospholipids in Cell Membranes	08:18
Membrane Proteins	04:09
Resulting Condition: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria	04:09
Membrane Proteins Provide Cellular Structure	01:54
Resulting Condition: Hereditary Spherocytosis	03:27
Resulting Condition: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	04:24
Plasma Membrane Proteins Create Unique Domains	02:05
Cell Polarity	02:43
Movement of Ions and Small Molecules Across Membranes	03:31
Gibbs-Donnan Effect with Example of RBCs in Hyper- or Hypotonic Solutions	03:55
Resulting Condition: Cystic Fibrosis	06:12
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Potocytosis	03:17
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Pinocytosis	05:57
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Phagocytosis	01:34
Movement of Large Molecules Across Membranes: Exocytosis	02:49
Movement of Large Molecules Across Membranes: Transcytosis	02:18
Gap Junctions	02:21
Signaling Pathways	06:15
Wnt/beta-catenin Signaling Pathway with Resulting Condition: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli	03:25
Cytoskeleton: Actin Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubule	04:59
Cell-cell Junctions and Cell-matrix Junctions	03:56
Motor Proteins: Kinesin and Dynein	02:05
Cilia and Flagella Movement	02:30
Resulting Condition: Kartagener’s Syndrome	01:53
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response	05:46
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesis of Lipids and Hormones and Solubilization	02:59
Targeted Protein Degradation	06:21
Responding to Hypoxia	03:08
Resulting Condition: von-Hippel-Lindau Disease	02:22
Phagocytosis	01:13
Resulting Condition: Tay-Sachs Disease	04:05
Autophagy	02:06
Resulting Condition: Huntington's Disease	02:45
Mitochondria: ATP Production and Apoptosis	07:47
Cell Nucleus	03:09
Resulting Condition: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria	03:05
Basic Cell Housekeeping Functions: Summary	02:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Housekeeping Functions“

Overview of Cellular Injury	10:27
Etiologies of Cellular Injury: Introduction	03:25
Hypoxia – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	02:25
Chemical Agents – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	04:13
Infectious Agents – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	03:21
Mechanisms of Cellular Injury: Introduction	03:23
ATP Depletion – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	04:22
Loss of Calcium Homeostasis	03:11
Oxygen Free Radicals – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	06:02
Generation of Free Radicals – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	02:51
Free Radicals Effect on Cellular Activities	03:07
Free Radical Protection – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	01:59
Mitochondria in Cellular Injury	01:11
Ischemia-reperfusion Injury	02:52
Cell Injury and Adaptation: Introduction	03:09
Atrophy and Autophagy	11:26
Hypertrophy	02:43
Hyperplasia	01:44
Metaplasia	03:47
Subcellular Responses to Injury: Heat Shock Proteins	06:58
Reversible Cellular Injury	05:12
Irreversible Cellular Injury	04:39
Function vs. Morphology of Cellular Injury	03:05
Necrosis: Cellular Homicide	11:07
Apoptosis: Physiology and Pathology	06:38
Apoptosis: Mechanism	09:54
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis	03:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Injury“

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation	07:59
Innate Inflammation	02:53
Inflammation: Cardinal Signs and Components	04:50
Vascular Response to Acute Inflammation	08:45
Vascular Changes during Acute Inflammation	06:28
Cellular Response: Introduction	05:50
Acute Inflammation Triggers	02:28
Neutrophil Rolling	05:04
Neutrophil Activation and Adhesion	04:41
Inflammatory Chemokines	03:38
Neutrophil Transmigration	03:23
Neutrophil Chemotaxis	05:57
Sterile Necrosis	04:00
Phagocytosis: Leukocyte Killing	05:58
Leukocyte Mediators: Arachidonic Acid Metabolites	07:35
Complement System – Protein Effector Cascades	06:54
Kinin and Coagulation Factors – Protein Effector Cascades	04:44
Summary of Acute Inflammation: Cardinal Signs	01:05
Defects in Acute Inflammation	04:57
Overview of Chronic Inflammation and Repair	08:40
Beginning of Chronic Inflammation and Repair	02:21
Resolution of Acute Inflammation	03:09
Going from Acute to Chronic Inflammation	03:11
Outcomes of Injury and Chronic Inflammation	06:06
Important Cells in Chronic Inflammation	01:53
Role of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in Chronic Inflammation	07:38
Different Macrophage Populations	05:27
Accumulating Macrophages in the Tissue	03:06
Granulomatous Inflammation: Causes	04:19
Role of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in Lymphocyte-macrophage Activation	07:48
Inflammation and Parenchymal Regeneration	03:00
Cell Growth and Differentiation – Parenchymal Regeneration	05:21
Cell Proliferation and Healing-injury in Regenerating Tissue – Parenchymal Regeneration	02:59
Inflammation and Repair by Scarring – Parenchymal Regeneration	05:37
Angiogenesis in Wound Healing	07:53
Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Wound Healing	02:08
Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in Extracellular Matrix Remodelling	08:03
Injury in Non-regenerating Tissue	02:48
Primary vs. Secondary Healing	06:32
Complications of Healing: Overview	05:44
Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology	04:10
Complications of Wound Healing	03:42
Outcomes of Injury	01:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Acute and Chronic Inflammation“

Hemostasis: Introduction and Examples	09:02
Normal Hemostasis	07:03
Role of Platelets in Hemostasis	09:01
Coagulation Cascade	09:29
Coagulation Process and Regulation	05:58
Endothelium Promotes and Inhibits Thrombosis	08:43
Thromboregulation	05:33
Thrombolysis	05:23
Normal Hemostasis: Summary	01:32
Coagulation Screening and Platelet Disorders	04:57
Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)	07:22
Bleeding Disorders: Platelet Count, Defects, and Factor Deficiencies	05:49
Virchow's Triad – Thrombotic Disorders	05:56
Septic Shock and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) – Thrombotic Disorders	05:53
Hereditary and Acquired Hypercoagulable States	07:46
Anticoagulation Therapy	08:28
Therapeutic Clot Lysis or Stabilization	03:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Hemostasis“

Introduction to Atherosclerosis	08:32
Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors	09:15
Plaque Distribution and Athero-​protective and Athero-prone Waveforms	06:49
Response-to-Injury Hypothesis	06:25
Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis	05:12
Atherosclerosis and Wound Healing	03:50
Vascular Remodeling: Glagov Phenomenon	08:01
Plaque: Structure and Rupture	09:22
Vascular Pathologies and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms	04:44
Atherosclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	06:58
Introduction to Ischemia and Infarct	04:38
Myocardial Infarct: Timing and Biomarkers	07:56
Myocardial Infarct: Tissue Patterns and Cellular Injuries	08:51
Myocardial Infarct: Healing and Granulation of Tissue	06:18
Myocardial Infarct: Complications	05:28
Cerebral Infarct: Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)	03:56
General Concepts for Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarct	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Atherosclerosis“

Basic Concepts of the Immune System	05:26
Innate and Adaptive Immunity	05:55
Innate Immunity: The Mast Cells	04:35
Innate Immunity: The Natural Killer Cells	02:24
Innate Immunity: Complement	04:48
Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Antibodies	07:24
Adaptive Immunity: T Cells	07:10
Cytokines in Adaptive Immunity	03:24
Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction	08:19
Type I Hypersensitivity: Manifestations	04:06
Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction	06:13
Type II Hypersensitivity: Examples	07:31
Introduction to Type III Hypersensitivity	03:56
Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions	05:08
Type III Hypersensitivity: Manifestations in Different Diseases	10:49
Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction: CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cells	10:04
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Role of CD4+ T Cells in Delayed Hypersensitivity	09:08
Autoimmunity	05:23
Tissue Reaction to Foreign Bodies	04:48
Cell-mediated Injury: Polyclonal Activation by Superantigens	02:45
Summary of How Immune Responses Can Be Harmful	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Immune-mediated Diseases“

Fundamental Concepts of Microorganisms	10:57
Classes of Infectious Agents	01:22
Viral Infections	03:53
Infections by Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae	03:43
Other Types of Bacterial Infections: Classification, Morphology, and Gram Stain	03:44
Infections by Bacteria in Different Groups: Eubacteria, Actinomycetales and Spirochaetes	06:01
Fungal Infections	03:25
Infections by Protozoa and Helminths	05:34
Prions – Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy	04:48
Microbial Transmission and Microbial Virulence	06:19
Host Susceptibility and Host Barriers	03:23
Host Barriers – Skin and Respiratory Tract	05:42
Host Barriers – Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tracts	05:21
Host Barriers: Immune System	06:09
Pathology Directly Related to Infection	05:11
Infections Resulting in Neoplastic Growth	02:12
Exotoxins and Endotoxins	05:18
Septic Shock: Excess of Inflammatory Mediators	04:03
Infection-induced Immune Injury	06:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Host–pathogen Interaction“

Neoplasia: Definitions	05:04
Molecular Basis of Cancer	07:25
Hallmarks of Cancer	04:34
Normal Cell Division: Gene Transcription and Mitosis Induction	02:11
Normal Cell Cycle	04:55
Cyclins and Cyclin-dependent Kinases	03:42
Cell Cycle Regulation	04:34
P53: Guardian of the Genome	02:29
Cell Cycle: RB Locks the Cycle	04:42
P53 in DNA Damage Responses: Repair vs. Apoptosis	04:08
Classes of Genes Relevant to Cancer	03:50
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes	09:24
DNA Repair Genes	03:53
Apoptosis-related Genes	04:18
Telomerase and MicroRNAs	10:16
Etiology of Genetic Alterations in Cancer	08:32
How Human Papilloma Virus Causes Cancer	03:06
The APC Gene in Colorectal Cancer	03:57
Heterogeneity Within a Malignant Tumor	03:52
Cancer Stem Cells	04:57
Summary of the Molecular Basis of Cancer	03:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplasia“

Origin and Evolution of Neoplastic Cells: Overview	04:35
Stromal Matrix and Angiogenesis in Healing Wounds	13:22
Tumor Angiogenesis	05:41
Tumors: Wounds that Do Not Heal	08:26
Tumor Invasion and Metastasis: Overview	04:38
Tumor Invasion into Stroma and Lymphovascular Spaces	04:10
Anti-tumor Immunity and Immune Evasion by Tumor	05:45
Tumor Cell Egress from Lymphovascular Spaces, and Metastatic Spread	05:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumor-host Interactions“

Paraneoplastic Syndromes (PNS): Overview	05:16
Hypercoagulability as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:57
Hypercalcemia as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:01
Cachexia as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:11
Pituitary Adenoma as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:26
Carcinoid Syndrome – A Paraneoplastic Syndrome	03:58
Amyloidosis and Pheochromocytoma as Paraneoplastic Syndromes	04:21
Local Cancer Growth and Invasion	06:21
Metastases from Prostate Cancer: Autopsy Findings	07:08
Side Effects of Chemotherapy: Overview	06:37
Tumor Lysis Syndrome	02:56
Chemotherapy Effects on Bone Marrow and Testes	01:56
Lymphedema and Radiation Heart Disease	02:47
Cancer Immunotherapy	01:47
Infectious Complications of Chemotherapy	01:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Cancer Morbidity and Mortality“

Tumor Nomenclature	06:52
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors	07:08
Cytologic and Histologic Features of Malignant Tumors	05:56
Dysplasia, Carcinoma in Situ, and Invasive Carcinoma	10:14
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:08
Tumor Grading	05:19
Tumor Staging	04:49
Role of the Pathologist in Diagnosing Malignancy	07:30
Types of Neoplasms and Making a Diagnosis	10:11
Characterization of a Malignancy by Histotype, Cytogenetics, and Molecular Features	02:51
Predictive/Therapeutic Markers	08:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Surgical Pathology of Tumors“

Review of Anatomy of the Eye	05:33
Lacrimal Apparatus and Extraocular Muscles – Anatomy Review	05:18
Innervation of the Ocular Muscles – Anatomy Review	03:12
Emmetropia and Ametropia – Anatomy and Physiology Review	06:14
Saggital Section of the Eye – Anatomy Review	05:18
Anterior Segment of the Eye – Anatomy Review	10:47
Posterior Segment of the Eye and Fundoscopic Exam – Anatomy Review	08:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Ophthalmology“

Blepharitis – Diseases of the Eyelids	09:13
Chalazion – Diseases of the Eyelids	02:31
Hordeolum (Stye) – Diseases of the Eyelids	03:53
Conjunctivitis: Introduction and Etiologies	06:57
Conjunctivitis: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment	05:34
Dacryocystitis	07:46
Amblyopia and Strabismus	07:06
Cranial Nerve Palsies	04:37
Quiz zum Kurs „External Eye Diseases“

Corneal Diseases	06:48
Pupillary Control – Physiology Review	04:29
Marcus Gunn Pupil and Argyll Robertson Pupil – Pupillary Disorders	05:09
Intraocular Pressure – Physiology Review	06:25
Glaucoma: Types	09:07
Glaucoma: Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis	05:34
Uveitis: Types	03:39
Uveitis: Etiologies	04:05
Uveitis: Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment	03:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Anterior Chamber and Uvea“

Optic Disorders and Visual Field	11:18
Diabetic Retinopathy: Classification and Pathophysiology	07:26
Diabetic Retinopathy: Signs and Diagnosis	05:09
Retinopathy of Prematurity	05:44
Hypertensive Retinopathy	04:55
Retinal Vessel Occlusion	05:23
Age-Related Macular Degeneration	02:19
Macular Degeneration	07:51
Retinal Detachment	09:28
Retinitis Pigmentosa and Optic Neuritis	07:50
Cataracts	08:45
Endophthalmitis	03:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Posterior Segment Eye Diseases“

Corneal Abrasion and Ulcer – Traumatic Injuries	05:46
Fracture of the Orbit – Traumatic Injuries	03:26
Retinoblastoma: Epidemiology, Mortality Rate and Etiology	03:10
Retinoblastoma: Proliferation and Types	07:34
Retinoblastoma: Signs, Symptoms and Diagnosis	03:25
Ocular Melanomas	06:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma and Neoplasms of the Eye“

Arteries and Veins: Structure and Characteristics	11:36
Resistance and Capacitance Vessels	09:53
Collateral Circulations	04:49
Portal and Dual Circulations	07:25
Functions of the Endothelium	06:48
Types of Endothelium	04:02
Introduction to the Anatomy of the Heart	03:52
Elements of the Heart: Chambers and Vessels	04:32
Elements of the Heart: Collateral Circulation, Valves and Conduction System	09:33
Myocardium	03:53
Sarcomere	05:25
Valves of the Heart	03:56
Coronary Vasculature and Conduction System of the Heart	04:49
Basic Response to Vascular Injury	06:49
Quiz zum Kurs „Structure-Function Relationships in the Cardiovascular System“

Blood Pressure Regulation	06:43
Pathophysiology of Hypertension	08:58
Hypertension: Epidemiology, Classification and White Coat Hypertension	05:01
Hypertension: Pathology, Clinical Features and Complications	06:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Hypertension“

Introduction to Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection	06:43
Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Medial Architecture	08:30
Aneurysm: Definition and Classification, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm	02:07
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm	10:28
Aortic Dissection: Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathology	06:47
Aortic Dissection: Stanford Classification, Signs and Symptoms, Consequences and Diagnostics	09:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Aortic Disease“

Antiendothelial Cell Antibodies and Circulating Immune Complexes – Vasculitis	07:55
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies and Cell-mediated Vasculitis – Vasculitis	04:52
Giant Cell Aortitis and Takayasu Arteritis	06:07
Giant Cell Arteritis	04:23
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) and Kawasaki Disease	05:16
Polyarteritis Nodosa, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) and Microscopic Polyangiitis	06:32
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome and Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease	05:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis“

Varicose Veins: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	08:56
Deep Venous Thrombosis	07:55
Trousseau Syndrome	01:11
Portal Venous Hypertension, Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes	06:21
Lymphangitis, Lymphedema and Other Disorders of Lymphatic Vessels	06:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Vein and Lymphatic Pathology“

Cardiac Pathology: Overview	06:52
Heart Failure: Introduction	09:43
Heart Failure: Pathophysiology	08:07
Heart Failure: Epidemiology and Patterns of Hypertrophy	03:47
Left-sided and Right-sided Heart Failure	10:33
Heart Failure: Diagnostics and Treatment	04:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Failure“

Ischemic Heart Disease: Etiology and Epidemiology	04:44
Factors that Contribute to Coronary Atherosclerosis	06:54
Cardiac Syndromes	04:00
Stable, Prinzmetal and Unstable Angina	05:57
Ischemic Heart Disease: Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology	04:08
Ischemic Heart Disease: Plaque Changes and Adaptive Mechanisms	04:38
Pathology of Intervention	12:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Ischemic Heart Disease“

Conducting System of the Heart	06:32
Arrhythmia: Definition, General Categories and Clinical Manifestations	05:56
Acquired Arrhythmia	10:37
Inherited Arrhythmia	06:20
Sudden Cardiac Death	08:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Arrhythmia“

Regurgitation and Clinical Consequences – Valvular Heart Disease	08:33
Etiology – Valvular Heart Disease	07:10
Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations – Calcific Aortic Stenosis	09:31
Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Mitral Annular Calcification	02:46
Mitral Valve Prolapse	04:47
Etiology and Diagnostics – Rheumatic Heart Disease	03:56
Pathogenesis and Clinical Features – Rheumatic Heart Disease	08:18
Definition and Etiology – Infective Endocarditis	04:14
Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Clinical Manifestations – Infective Endocarditis	08:53
Marantic and SLE-associated Endocarditis and Carcinoid Heart Disease	06:54
Prosthetic Valves	03:47
Definition and Pathogenesis – Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:40
Systemic (Left-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	05:15
Pulmonary (Right-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Valvular and Hypertensive Heart Disease“

Cardiomyopathy: Definition and Types	06:30
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis	07:02
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology	08:34
Peripartum and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy	08:08
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Morphology, Clinical Manifestations, and Complications	04:38
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Etiology and Variants	06:05
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	06:49
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Complications, Morphology, and Histology	03:32
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy	05:57
Cardiac Amyloidosis, Endomyocardial Fibrosis, and Loeffler Endomyocarditis	08:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiomyopathy“

Myocarditis: Definition and Etiology	06:17
Myocarditis: Pathophysiology and Pathology	03:52
Myocarditis: Manifestations, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostics, and Management	04:32
Definition and Etiology – Pericarditis	06:56
Classification of Acute Pericarditis	05:29
Clinical Manifestations and Management – Pericarditis	03:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Myocarditis and Pericarditis“

S1 and S2	05:09
S3 and S4	06:21
Dynamic Auscultation	11:51
Respiratory Variation	08:30
Auscultation Areas	14:14
Rapid Squatting	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Sounds“

Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	04:45
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Upper Portion	07:48
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Middle Portion	03:32
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Respiratory Zone	07:50
Dyspnea: Definition	05:21
Dyspnea: Causes	04:54
Dyspnea: History	02:36
Cough: Definition and History	03:14
Cough: Pearls	03:17
Wheezing	02:33
Hemoptysis	02:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Pulmonary Pathology“

Chest X-ray – Diagnostic Imaging	02:19
Chest CT Scan – Diagnostic Imaging	03:35
Alveolar Infiltrate – Diagnostic Imaging	05:27
Nodules – Diagnostic Imaging	02:44
Arterial Blood Gases – Laboratory Diagnostics	02:48
Acidosis and Alkalosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	14:40
Metabolic Acidosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:41
Davenport Diagram – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:45
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 1 and 2 – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:49
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 – Laboratory Diagnostics	09:52
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 (cont'd) – Laboratory Diagnostics	10:48
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3a – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:40
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 4 – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:02
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 5 – Laboratory Diagnostics	05:49
Assessing Lung Function – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:53
Alveolar Gas Equation – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:05
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) – Laboratory Diagnostics	07:43
Spirometry – Laboratory Diagnostics	06:35
Loop Spirometries – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:15
Other Spirometry Patterns – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:05
Diffusion Capacity – Laboratory Diagnostics	03:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Diagnostics“

Respiratory Failures: Introduction	02:59
Acute Hypoxemic	04:54
Acute Hypercapnic	11:22
Respiratory Failures: Treatment	05:57
Mechanical Ventilation	06:19
Assisted Control – Modes of Ventilation	05:07
Modes of Ventilation: Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation	01:58
Modes of Ventilation: Pressure Support	06:27
Modes of Ventilation: Mechanical Ventilation Goals	05:13
Modes of Ventilation: Ventilator Airway Pressure	03:27
Modes of Ventilation: Auto-PEEP	05:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Failures“

Obstructive Lung Disease: Pathogenesis	01:32
Obstructive Lung Disease: Signs and Symptoms	05:07
Obstructive Lung Disease: Areas	05:58
GOLD Algorithm	01:54
Emphysema: Introduction	02:52
Emphysema: Pathogenesis A	10:33
Emphysema: Pathogenesis B	09:35
Emphysema: Signs and Symptoms	08:23
Emphysema: Diagnosis	05:20
Chronic Bronchitis: Introduction	01:32
Chronic Bronchitis: Pathogenesis	09:17
Chronic Bronchitis: Differential Diagnosis	07:21
Chronic Bronchitis: Multistep Approach	05:34
Asthma: Introduction	02:20
Asthma: Signs and Symptoms	03:06
Asthma: Differential Diagnosis	04:15
Asthma: Risk Factors & Prevention	03:39
Asthma: Diagnosis	04:38
Asthma: Treatment	08:24
Bronchiectasis: Pathogenesis	05:57
Bronchiectasis: Differential Diagnosis	04:46
Bronchiectasis: Cystic Fibrosis	06:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Obstructive Lung Disease“

Restrictive Lung Disease: Introduction	11:33
Flow Volume Spirometry	05:40
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (IIP)	01:44
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Pathogenesis	03:04
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Signs and Symptoms	05:23
Sarcoidosis: Introduction	01:07
Sarcoidosis: Pathogenesis	06:25
Sarcoidosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:02
Connective Tissue Disease: Overview	03:26
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP)	02:55
Lung Pathology in Lupus and in Rheumatoid Arthritis	03:10
Scleroderma	03:27
Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis	01:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Restrictive Lung Disease“

Occupational Lung Disease: Overview	05:58
Asbestosis: Introduction	08:03
Asbestosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:54
Berylliosis	06:18
Silicosis	04:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Occupational Lung Diseases“

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis): Overview and DIagnosis	12:23
Eosinophilic Lung Disease (ELD)	12:43
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Pathogenesis	07:18
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Differential Diagnosis	02:36
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: TTN, RDS and PPHN	15:05
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Signs, Symptoms, Definition, Treatment	04:30
Pulmonary Embolism: Pathogenesis	04:16
Pulmonary Embolism: Clinical Findings	04:31
Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Factors	04:28
Pulmonary Embolism: Prevention	01:51
Pulmonary Embolism: Signs & Symptoms	02:23
Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnosis	07:32
Pulmonary Embolism: Treatment	03:19
Pulmonary Hypertension	02:43
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 1 & 2	06:15
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 3 & 4	04:14
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pneumothorax	09:47
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pleural Effusion	04:54
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Physical Findings of the Lung	07:39
Sleep Apnea: Definition	03:28
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathogenesis	03:06
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Differential Diagnosis	03:33
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Treatment	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation and the Respiratory Regulation“

Lung Cancer: Definition	01:12
Small Lung Cancer	08:11
Adenocarcinoma	05:59
Squamous Cell Carcinoma	03:00
Large Cell Carcinoma	01:12
Bronchial Carcinoid	04:06
Mesothelioma	05:20
Lung Nodules and Cancer	03:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Lung Cancer “

Hypovolemic Shock	08:06
Cardiogenic and Obstructive Shock	06:29
Distributive Shock	05:31
Approach to Shock	00:48
Poisoning and Overdose	05:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Critical Care“

Renal Patho-Embryology	06:46
Horseshoe Kidney	03:36
Unilateral Renal Agenesis	02:15
Potter's Syndrome	06:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Renal Pathology“

Tubulointerstitial Pathology	08:58
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)	03:30
Chronic Kidney Disease	05:30
Algorithm of Acute Renal Injury	13:40
Urinalysis, Acute Renal Failure & Atheroembolism	03:48
Chronic Renal Failure	05:30
Pathophysiology of Renal Failure	07:31
Acute Interstitial Nephritis	01:30
Acute Tubular Necrosis	05:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Tubulointerstitial Diseases“

Glomerular Disorders	05:59
Electron Microscopy	04:27
Pathogenesis of Glomerular Disease	06:35
Mechanisms Producing Glomerular Disease	02:08
Types of Glomerular Diseases	00:51
Nephritic Syndrome	04:44
IgA Nephopathy	05:24
IgA Nephropathy	04:44
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis	04:36
Non-Streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis	02:21
Alport Syndrome	01:40
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis	03:41
Subendothelial IC Deposition Viewed With EM	01:22
Rapidly Progressive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis	04:37
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (rpgn) & Subtypes	05:59
Goodpasture's Syndrome	03:21
SLE Related Kidney Disease	04:13
ANCA Associated Vasculitis	02:40
Nephrotic Syndrome	05:16
Minimal Change Disease	06:15
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis	05:28
Membranous Nephropathy	06:01
Overview of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	01:54
Classification of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:53
Type I Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	04:27
Type II Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:22
Summary of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	02:51
Diabetic Glomerulopathy esp. Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease	10:40
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis and Renal Amyloidosis	03:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Glomerulonephritis“

Renal Dysplasia	02:40
Autosomal Recessive Disease (Juvenile)	04:54
Autosomal Dominant Disease	05:57
Additional Cystic Diseases of the Kidney	03:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Cystic Diseases (Renal Cystic Pathology)“

Renal Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	01:26
Filtration Barrier	06:52
Structure of the Glomerulus	10:59
Clinical Anatomy of the Glomerular Apparatus	05:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Clinical Anatomy“

Urinalysis: Introduction	17:23
Chemical Dipsticks: pH & Protein	03:35
Chemical Dipsticks: Glucose & Ketones	07:20
Chemical Dipsticks: Bilirubin & Urobilirubin	08:22
Chemical Dipsticks: Diseases and Steps in Metabolism	05:13
Chemical Dipsticks: Blood & Nitrates	08:48
Cells in Urine Sediment	04:10
Casts in Urine Sediment	07:35
Crystals in Urine Sediment	02:25
Various Morphology on Urinalysis	07:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinalysis“

Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Overview	05:11
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Etiology	10:02
Actions of ADH: Diabetes Insipidus (DI)	06:38
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Management	12:29
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Differentials	04:55
Quiz zum Kurs „(Nephrogenic) Diabetes Insipidus (DI)“

Regulation of ADH: Response to Water Deprivation	06:45
Regulation of ADH: ADH Secretion	06:08
Regulation of ADH: Volume vs. Osmolarity	04:38
Regulation of ADH: Significance of Clearance of Water	05:16
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)	07:32
Quiz zum Kurs „SIADH“

Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Water & Sodium Pathophysiology	04:10
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Changes in ECF Volume	05:51
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Plasma Osmolality (POsm)	12:45
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Clinical Volume Dynamics	23:16
Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic Disorders	08:12
Dehydration: Isotonic Fluid Disorders	06:02
Hypotonic Fluid Disorders	12:00
Dehydration: Summary of Isotonic and Hypotonic	04:33
Hypertonic Fluid Disorders	11:51
Review	04:13
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation of Water and Sodium Balance	01:26
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Key Points	03:11
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation Wheels	06:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Overview	00:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Crystalloids	03:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Colloids	04:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Saline: Clinical Terminology	08:09
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Distribution of IVFs	06:23
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IV Fluid: 'd5w'	03:22
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IVFs Summary	09:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Fluid and Electrolyte Balance“

Overview: Proximal vs. Distal Nephron	03:27
Tubular Transport by Nephron Segment	28:01
Tubular Secretion	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Nephron	11:50
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Convoluted Tubular Mechanics	12:49
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Correlations	16:31
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Clinical Effects	09:14
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Pathology	07:05
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Fanconi Syndrome	06:26
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Hartnup Disease	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Type 2 (Proximal) RTA	03:52
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Tubular Transport	07:07
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Bartter and Gitelman Syndrome	07:54
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Antenatal Bartter Syndrome	11:01
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Gitelman Syndrome	06:10
Collecting Duct (CD): Transport Mechanism	03:16
Collecting Duct (CD): Different Channels in Different Ducts	03:51
Collecting Duct (CD): Role of Aldosterone	03:54
Collecting Duct (CD): Atpase Pump	02:55
Collecting Duct (CD): Other Renal Tubular Acidoses	09:39
Collecting Duct (CD): Conn's Syndrome	10:15
Collecting Duct (CD): Summary of Clinical Findings	07:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Nephron“

Introduction to Renal Blood Flow	08:40
Renal Functional Anatomy	07:39
Renal Corpuscle – Juxta-glomerular Apparatus	06:50
Tubuloglomerular Feedback	02:58
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 1	12:09
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 2	08:59
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System	11:54
Basics of Creatinine	07:13
Clinical Application of Creatinine: Overview	08:00
Creatinine Clearance – Clinical Application of Creatinine	05:25
Causes of Increased and Decreased Ccr	07:41
Experimental Calculations of Renal Function (Part 1)	13:45
Overview and Calculations – Renal Glucose Transport and Reabsorption	21:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Diagnostics“

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Role of Calcium	05:00
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphate	03:07
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Uric Acid	03:09
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Clinical Correlation	02:23
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Shock Wave Lithotripsy	02:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephrolithiasis“

Gastroschisis	10:01
Omphalocele	04:35
Congenital Umbilical Hernia	03:06
Intestinal Malrotation	10:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Congenital Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders“

Sialolithiasis	06:24
Sialoadenitis	05:55
Salivary Gland Tumors	06:23

Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia	11:05
Dysphagia	10:01
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)	11:01
Esophagitis	06:53
Esophageal Tears and Perforations	05:28
Esophageal Motility Disorders	16:49
Esophageal Diverticula	06:37
Esophageal Carcinoma	11:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Esophagus“

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis	05:55
Gastritis	16:47
Peptic Ulcer Disease	17:48
Gastric Cancer	15:54
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)	06:41
Gastric Lymphoma (MALToma)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Stomach“

Jejunal and Ileal Atresia	03:02
Hirschsprung Disease	11:26
Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology	07:41
Celiac Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:31
Tropical Sprue	07:36
Lactose Intolerance	07:17
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	07:43
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:29
Short Bowel Syndrome and Bile Acid Malabsorption	10:54
Whipple Disease	07:35
Diarrhea: Etiology	10:07
Diarrhea: Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation	09:51
Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:54
Crohn Disease	11:33
Ulcerative Colitis	10:17
Differentiation of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease	09:19
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	08:30
Volvulus	07:15
Intussusception	06:05
Bowel Obstruction	10:46
Appendicitis	07:26
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis	09:22
Meckel Diverticulum	06:32
Angiodysplasia	05:20
Mesenteric Ischemia	10:37
Necrotizing Enterocolitis	07:36
Colonic Polyps: Types and Polyposis Syndromes	11:39
Colonic Polyps: Diagnosis and Management	12:27
Colorectal Cancer	09:30
Anal Fissure	05:24
Perianal and Perirectal Abscess	05:52
Rectal Prolapse	05:24
Hemorrhoids	07:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Small and Large Intestines Disorders“

Acute Liver Disease	04:46
Cirrhosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	11:04
Cirrhosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	08:18
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency	10:02
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	10:46
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:46
Wilson Disease	08:43
Introduction to Viral Hepatitis	02:07
Hepatitis A	02:42
Hepatitis B	04:55
Hepatitis C	03:35
Hepatitis D	02:31
Hepatitis E	01:48
Autoimmune Hepatitis	05:05
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	12:47
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	10:14
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	11:47
Reye Syndrome	05:17
Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Veno-occlusive Disease (VOD)	12:03
Benign Liver Tumors	11:46
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Liver Metastases	14:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Hepatobiliary System“

Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)	10:55
Hyperbilirubinemia of the Newborn	10:04
Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia Syndromes	08:53
Biliary Atresia	06:12
Choledochal Cysts	05:22
Cholelithiasis	10:19
Cholecystitis	11:17
Cholangitis	08:13
Cholangiocarcinoma	06:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Biliary Tract“

Annular Pancreas	03:04
Acute Pancreatitis	10:25
Chronic Pancreatitis	06:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pancreas“

Pituitary Hormones	15:34
Cell Surface Receptors	17:19
Steroid Hormone Receptors	06:41
Hormone Binding Proteins	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to the Endocrine System“

Actions of ADH	05:24
Dysregulation of ADH	04:02
Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus)	09:03
SIADH: Clinical Presentation	05:55
SIADH: Diagnosis and Treatment	05:09
Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) Differential Diagnoses	09:43
Cell Types	03:46
Types of Peptide Hormones	11:25
Hypothalamic Hormones	10:13
Hypopituitarism	12:35
Pituitary Apoplexy and Sheehan’s Syndrome	04:08
Pituitary Sellar Masses	09:24
Hyperprolactinemia	20:04
Control of Growth Hormone Release	11:26
Acromegaly (Growth Hormone Excess)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Pituitary Gland Disorders“

Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis (HPT-Axis)	07:19
Thyroid Hormone Function	18:51
Thyroid Function Tests	02:58
Euthyroid Hyperthyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	08:48
Euthyroid Hypothyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	07:08
Differential Diagnoses & T3-Resin Uptake – Euthyroid Conditions	06:43
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst	03:59
Introduction & Graves' Disease – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	09:51
Graves' Disease: Treatment – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	06:58
Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	13:10
Amiodarone-induced Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	04:30
Thyroid Storm & Subclinical Hyperthyroidism – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	11:41
Introduction – Hypothyroidism	10:01
Hashimoto’s Disease – Hypothyroidism	03:12
Hypothyroidism	07:04
Diagnostic Tests – Hypothyroidism	05:18
Goiter and Thyroid Nodules	06:22
Thyroid Adenomas and Thyroid Carcinomas	07:06
Types of Thyroid Carcinoma	09:12
Maternal-Fetal Thyroid Pathology	11:36
Differential Diagnoses – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	05:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Thyroid Gland Disorders“

Introduction & Hypothalamus – Adrenal Cortex	17:58
Overview of the Adrenal Gland – Adrenal Cortex	04:09
Cortisol and Aldosterone Synthesis – Adrenal Cortex	05:15
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) – Adrenal Cortex	09:35
Adrenal Incidentalomas – Adrenal Cortex	03:14
Hyperaldosteronism	09:51
Hypoaldosteronism	06:40
Introduction to Cortisol and Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	07:29
Introduction to Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	17:50
Screening Tests for Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	05:22
Management of Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	03:39
Adrenal Insufficiency: Definition & Etiology	07:40
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome & Addison´s Disease – Adrenal Insufficiency	07:28
Diagnosis – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:26
Glucocorticoids in Pharmacology – Adrenal Insufficiency	01:31
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:05
Sympathoadrenal System and Catecholamine – Adrenal Medulla	04:41
Pheochromocytoma – Adrenal Medulla	09:12
Hereditary Disorders: Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome, Sturge-Weber-Syndrome, Neuroblastoma, MEN2A & MEN2B – Andrenal Medulla	05:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Adrenal Gland Disorders“

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	06:55
Gastrinoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	03:08
Glucagonoma (Alpha Cell Tumor) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	00:59
VIPoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	02:02
Endocrine Pancreas and Control of Insulin – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	08:04
Glucose Homeostasis – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:44
Mechanism of Insulin Action & Types of Metabolism – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	05:56
Glucagon: Actions and Effects from α-Cells – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:13
Overview of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:02
Types of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	10:00
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	04:30
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:49
Secondary Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	06:14
Metabolic Syndrome – Hyperglycemia	01:18
Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	07:34
Acute and Chronic Diabetes Complications	04:22
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) – Diabetes Complications	13:18
Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic State – Diabetes Complications	02:38
Diabetic Retinopathy (Diabetic Eye Disease) – Diabetes Complications	06:32
Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease) – Diabetes Complications	04:11
Diabetic Neuropathy: Autonomic Neuropathy – Diabetes Complications	10:59
Diabetes Skin Manifestations: Acanthosis Nigricans and Necrobiosis Lipoidica – Diabetes Complications	02:06
Insulin: Therapy and Types – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	09:16
Dawn Phenomenon	01:41
Treatment of Insulin Overdose – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	04:54
Retired - Oral Agents for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	00:13
Glucose Monitoring: Glucometer and Hemoglobin A1C – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	01:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Pancreatic Disease and Diabetes“

Overview of Calcium Metabolism Disorders	08:36
Hypercalcemia: Definition & Clinical Manifestation	03:49
Hypercalcemia: Types & Causes	05:35
Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Effects of Hyperparathyroidism	05:07
Clinical Features of Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica	03:20
Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism	03:08
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (THPT)	05:50
Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia and Knowledge Check	04:31
Treatment of Severe Hypercalcemia	01:48
Hypocalcemia: Differential Analysis of Causes	04:16
Hypoparathyroidism	04:21
Pseudohypoparathyroidism	02:47
Acute Hypocalcemia	03:29
Vitamin D Deficiency: Vitamin D Production and Effects	02:04
Rickets	02:28
Differential Analysis of Vitamin D Dysfunction and Deficiency	04:35
Interpretation of Serum Calcium and Serum Phosphate Levels	01:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Parathyroid Gland Disorders“

Osteoporosis: Introduction & Causes	03:31
Osteoporosis: Risk Factors	01:09
Osteoporosis: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis	05:21
Osteoporosis: Treatment and Management	04:40
Paget's Disease of Bone	10:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Bone Disease“

Introduction to Female Reproductive Pathology esp. the Vulva	01:01
Vestibular Glands: Bartholin Cyst & Vestibular Adenitis	01:25
Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Simplex Chronicus	04:16
Condyloma Acuminatum	02:44
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia & Extramammary Paget´s Disease	04:49
Vaginal Cancer	02:43
Normal Cervix	01:50
Cervical Histology	03:15
Cervical Cancer: Pathogenesis	06:52
Cervical Cancer: Risk Factors	05:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of Vulva, Vagina and Cervix“

Candidiasis	02:08
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)	01:54
Trichomonas Vaginalis	01:39
Gardnerella Vaginalis	02:39
Treponema Pallidum and Primary Syphilis	02:27
Secondary, Tertiary and Congenital Syphilis	05:31
Haemophilus Ducreyi – Morphology	01:07
Chlamydia Trachomatis	01:54
Gonorrhea	02:50
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	02:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)“

Anatomy of the Normal Uterus	01:39
Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding	04:40
Anovulatory Cycle	03:19
Endometrial Polyp	00:31
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:22
Endometrial Hyperplasia	04:16
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma	05:27
Endometriosis	10:07
Inflammation of the Fallopian Tube	01:35
Tumors and Cysts in the Fallopian Tube	01:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Uterine and Fallopian Tube Disease“

Benign Cysts	01:34
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOS)	07:28
Ovarian Tumors	02:09
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Epithelial Tumors	07:40
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Endometrioid Tumors	00:53
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Germ Cell Tumors	02:35
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Mature Teratoma	03:42
Yolk Sac Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumor)	01:00
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Choriocarcinoma	01:24
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors & Granulosa-Theca Tumor	05:32
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Metastatic Ovarian Tumors	01:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Ovarian Diseases“

Miscarriage/Spontaneous Abortion	01:17
Ectopic Pregnancy	04:13
Placental Abnormalities	06:55
Abruptio Placentae	00:55
Preeclampsia	02:59
Hydatidiform Mole	07:10
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)	01:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Pregnancy Complications“

Nipple Discharge	03:36
Breast Imaging: Mammography	04:50
Mastitis: Inflammatory Disorder of the Breast	07:31
Fibroadenoma	03:30
Fibrocystic Breast Changes	06:31
Carcinoma of the Breast: Epidemiology	08:52
Carcinoma of the Breast: Pathophysiology	09:50
Carcinoma of the Breast: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:09
Gynecomastia	05:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Breast Pathology“

Introduction to Male Reproductive Pathology	03:58
Penis Disorders: Types and Clinical Representation	13:25
Cryptorchidism	03:58
Varicocele	09:21
Testicular Torsion	03:54
Scrotal Mass, Congenital- & Acquired Hydrocele and Spermatocele	03:26
Testicular Cancer	02:38
Types of Germ Cell Tumors (GCT)	06:42
Types of Non Germ Cell Tumors	02:46
Prostatitis and Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology	05:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Male Reproductive System Diseases“

Control of Adult Male Hormonal Secretion	06:53
Leydig and Sertoli Cells	03:30
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis	07:43
Hypogonadism	03:13
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis Differentials	05:06
Male Hypogonadism	05:55
Gynecomastia	04:57
Erectile Dysfunction & Peyronie's Disease	08:23
Diagnoses of Reproductive Syndromes & Deficiencies	17:11
Hermaphroditism	03:01
Diagnoses of Reproductive Hormone Disorders– Reproductive Pathology	10:45
5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency	02:43
Androgen Receptor Antagonists	02:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Hormone Disorders“

Anemia: Definition	03:55
Anemia: Overview	08:31
Anemia: Iron Studies	03:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Red Blood Cell Disorders“

Iron Deficiency Anemia: Introduction	02:46
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Etiology	05:14
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Signs and Symptoms	02:54
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Iron Studies	07:08
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Pathogenesis	02:59
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Clinical Pathology	03:57
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Iron Studies	07:09
Sideroblastic Anemia: Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Bone Marrow	17:47
Sideroblastic Anemia: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Iron Studies	05:30
Alpha Thalassemia: Etiology	11:59
Alpha Thalassemia: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	04:03
Alpha Thalassemia: Pathogenesis	02:55
Alpha Thalassemia: Clinical Pathology	05:07
Beta Thalassemia: Etiology and Pathogenesis	08:05
Beta Thalassemia: Morphology and Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	04:15
Beta Thalassemia: Clinical Pathology	01:07
Microcytic Anemia: Summary	01:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Microcytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Macrocytic Anemia: Introduction and Etiology	02:56
Megaloblastic Anemias	03:33
Biochemistry of Megaloblastic Anemia	16:04
Classification and Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies	08:07
Vitamin B12 Metabolism	03:49
Folate Deficiency	02:54
Macrocytic Anemia: Clinical Pathology	07:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Macrocytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Normocytic Anemia: Overview	09:37
Normocytic Anemia: Classification	02:06
Non-hemolytic Anemias	01:39
Hypocellular Bone Marrow	00:39
Acute Blood Loss	03:59
Bone Marrow Failure (BMF)	05:11
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia	01:47
Normal vs. Hypocellular Bone Marrow	01:34
Causes of Bone Marrow Failure (BMF)	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Normocytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Hemolytic Anemia: Overview	04:02
Hemolytic Anemia: Classification	03:22
Extravascular Hemolysis	03:33
Intravascular Hemolysis	01:56
Hemolytic Anemia: Clinical Features	01:17
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Etiology	02:39
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Pathogenesis	04:50
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Clinical Pathology	01:27
G6PD Deficiency: Etiology	02:39
G6PD Deficiency: Pathophysiology	08:15
G6PD Deficiency: Biochemistry of G6PD	03:20
G6PD Deficiency: Clinical Pathology	00:59
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Etiology	03:57
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Pathophysiology	03:53
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Clinical Pathology	01:46
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Pnh Lab Tests	04:34
Sickle Cell Anemia: Etiology	02:18
Sickle Cell Anemia: Pathogenesis	06:10
Sickle Cell Anemia: Vaso-occlusive Crisis	02:01
Sickle Cell Anemia: Clinical Pathology and Diagnosis	03:58
Sickle Cell Anemia: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	01:25
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Etiology	02:28
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Pathogenesis	05:07
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Morphology and Clinical Pathology	01:32
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia: Etiology	03:33
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia: Pathogenesis and Morphology	01:35
Micro- and Macroangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia esp. schistocytes	02:40
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Overview of Immune Hemolytic Anemias	01:57
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Direct and Indirect Coombs' Test	06:11
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Comparison of Direct and Indirect Coombs' Test	05:02
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Etiology	01:27
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Pathogenesis	03:25
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Clinical Features	01:00
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (CAIHA): Etiology, Pathogenesis and Clinical Pathology	05:20
Drugs That Cause Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia	05:05
Malaria	02:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Hemolytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Lymphadenopathy: Introduction – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:02
Lymphadenopathy: Lymphoid Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:31
Lymphadenopathy: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:13
Lymphadenopathy: Follicular Lymphoma and Lymphoid Hyperplasia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:57
Lymphadenopathy: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:48
Lymphadenopathy: Burkitt Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:50
Lymphadenopathy: Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin's Disease) – White Blood Cell Pathology	09:18
Lymphadenopathy: Reed-Sternberg Cells – White Blood Cell Pathology	08:03
Lymphadenopathy: Plasma Cell Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:52
Lymphadenopathy: Multiple Myeloma (Introduction)	03:03
Lymphadenopathy: Serum Protein Electrophoresis – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:16
Lymphadenopathy: Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:13
Lymphadenopathy: Plasmacytoma, MGUS and Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	07:58
Lymphadenopathy: Splenomegaly – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:12
Lymphadenopathy: Thymus Disorders – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:30
Lymphadenopathy: Thymoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Lymphadenopathy – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Leukocytosis and Leukopenia – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:44
Neutrophilic Leukocytosis – White Blood Cell Pathology	12:05
Lymphocytosis – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:52
Neutropenia and Lymphopenia – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Quantitative White Blood Cell Disorders – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Leukemia: Acute Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:03
Leukemia: Hematopoiesis – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:49
Leukemia: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:22
Leukemia: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:37
Leukemia: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:17
Leukemia: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:30
Leukemia: Polycythemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	12:55
Leukemia: Types of Leukemia incl. Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) and Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:38
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: MTX, 5-FU, 6-MP, 6TG & Ara-C – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:11
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin etc. – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Stroke: Introduction	02:40
Ischemic Stroke	03:28
Ischemic Stroke: Characteristics	03:50
Embolism	09:45
Ischemic Stroke Syndromes	03:55
Acute Stroke: Evaluation and Workup	06:53
Ischemic Stroke: Treatment	11:18
Hemorrhagic Stroke	08:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)“

Cerebral Aneurysm: Introduction	06:39
Cerebral Aneurysm: Diagnostic Workup	03:06
Cerebral Aneurysm: Treatment	04:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Cerebral Aneurysm (Intracranial Aneurysm)“

Increased Intracranial Pressure: Introduction	05:24
Brain Herniation	04:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)“

Trauma: Introduction	10:48
Trauma: Epidural and Subdural Hematoma	05:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma“

Spinal Cord Pathology: Introduction	06:34
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Spinal Cord Pathology“

Headache: Introduction	03:36
Acute Headache: Meningitis and Temporal Arteritis	06:55
Acute Headache: Hypertensive Urgency and Cluster Headache (Horton's Syndrome)	05:29
Acute Headaches: Venous Sinus Thrombosis	03:12
Sub-Acute Headache, Chronic Headache and Migraine	06:09
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension	04:29
Brain Tumor and Tension Headaches	04:21
Other Types of Headache	03:19
Indications of Brain Imaging in Headache	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Headache – Pathophysiology“

Seizures: Introduction	02:32
Seizures: Types	05:33
Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures	04:16
Evaluation of the First Non-Febrile Seizure and Childhood Epilepsy	02:40
Epilepsy Syndromes	04:09
Adult Epilepsy	01:49
Antiepileptic Drugs	10:51
Special Considerations, Status Epilepticus, and Summary	04:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Seizures“

CNS Infections: Introduction	02:13
Acute Meningitis	10:23
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Age	03:07
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Head Trauma	03:57
Acute Viral Meningitis	03:17
Tuberculous Meningitis	05:39
Chemical Meningitis, Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis, Neurosyphilis, Lyme Disease	10:21
Fungal and Cryptococcus	04:36
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, Neurocysticercosis and Parasitic Meningoencephalitis	08:39
Brain Abscess	02:21
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: HSV-1 and HSV-2	09:04
HIV-associated Meningoencephalitis	04:33
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (Prion Disease) and Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infections - Clinical Neurology“

Multiple Sclerosis: Introduction	03:29
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Pathology, Location of Lesions	05:57
Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	04:32
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Transverse Myelitis and Central Pontine Myelinolysis	05:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Multiple Sclerosis“

Dementia: Introduction	06:44
Alzheimer's Disease	07:36
Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology and Treatment	10:55
Other Causes of Dementia	12:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Dementia“

Radial Nerve Injury	05:48
Median Nerve Injury	03:19
Ulnar Nerve Injury	03:13
Femoral Nerve Injury	04:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Mononeuropathy“

Polyneuropathy: Introduction	06:11
Metabolic Neuropathies and Diabetic Neuropathy	04:57
Hereditary, Toxic and Infectious Neuropathy	04:17
Entrapment, Compressive and Peripheral Neuropathy	05:03
Neuromuscular Junction and Myasthenia Gravis	06:54
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and Botulinum Toxin	05:42
Myopathy Junction and Dystrophinopathies	05:35
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies and Channelopathies	06:05
Mitochondrial, Inflammatory, Endocrine and Drug Induced Myopathies	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Polyneuropathy“

Tumors of the CNS: Introduction	06:41
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Astrocytoma	05:48
Neuroepithelial Tumors	07:43
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Oligodendroglioma	07:59
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Medulloblastoma	04:00
Meningeal Tumors: Meningioma	05:51
Other Primary CNS Tumors	08:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of the CNS“

Movement Disorders: Introduction	08:45
Parkinson's Disease	06:39
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Degeneration and Multiple System Atrophy	05:25
Huntington's Disease (Huntington's Chorea)	04:10
Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Movement Disorders“

Altered Mental Status and Coma: Introduction	06:48
Coma and Brainstem Reflexes	04:12
Brain Death, Decorticate Posturing, Persistent Vegetative State and Locked-In Syndrome	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Altered Mental Status and Coma“

Vertigo: Introduction	02:17
Dix-Hallpike & Epley Maneuver Test	04:43
Syncope	02:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vertigo and Dizziness“

Sleep Stages	02:13
Sleep Disorders (Dyssomnias)	06:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Sleep“

Embryogenesis	03:33
Cerebral Palsy, Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder	03:19
Development Regression, Neurocutaneous Disorders and Tuberous Sclerosis	05:12
Neurofibromatosis, Hypotonia and Childhood Neurodegenerative Disorders	05:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Neuropathology“

Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain)	06:58
Neuromuscular Disease	08:58
Plexopathy	03:02
Mononeuropathy	02:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Diseases: Hydrocephalus, Neuromuscular Disease, Plexopathy, and Mononeuritis“

Skin: Functions	05:13
Skin: Epidermis	09:45
Skin: Dermis	03:57
Skin: Appendages	06:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Review: Physiology and Structure of the Skin“

Photoaging: Pathophysiology	05:56
Photoaging: Diagnosis and Management	04:54
Androgenetic Alopecia: Pathophysiology	06:11
Androgenetic Alopecia: Diagnosis and Management	04:56
Hair Whitening	05:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Degenerative Changes of Skin and Hair“

Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Pathophysiology	06:08
Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Diagnosis and Management	04:42
Freckles	04:41
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi	05:30
Acquired Melanocytic Nevi	08:45
Vitiligo: Pathophysiology	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of Maturation and Pigmentation of the Skin“

Eczema: Pathophysiology	07:11
Eczema: Diagnosis and Management	05:57
Erythema Multiforme: Pathophysiology	08:23
Psoriasis: Pathophysiology	07:16
Psoriasis: Diagnosis and Management	04:37
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Pathophysiology	07:30
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Management	05:24
Lichen Planus: Pathophysiology	03:41
Lichen Planus: Diagnosis and Management	08:31
Acne: Pathophysiology	08:01
Acne: Diagnosis and Management	07:00
Rosacea: Pathophysiology	05:35
Rosacea: Diagnosis and Management	05:54
Panniculitis: Pathophysiology	07:25
Panniculitis: Diagnosis and Management	03:29
Erythema Nodosum: Pathophysiology	08:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammatory Lesions of the Skin“

Warts (Verrucae): Definition and Pathophysiology	06:40
Warts (Verrucae): Diagnosis and Management	05:46
Molluscum Contagiosum: Pathophysiology	05:52
Impetigo: Pathophysiology	08:21
Fungal Skin Infections: Pathophysiology	07:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Infection Conditions of the Skin“

Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid: Pathophysiology	08:51
Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid: Diagnosis and Management	10:33
Dermatitis Herpetitiformis: Pathophysiology	10:49
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Pathophysiology	06:55
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Diagnosis and Management	03:41
Porphyria: Pathophysiology	09:17
Porphyria: Diagnosis and Management	02:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Blistering Skin Disorders“

Seborrheic Keratosis: Pathophysiology	09:28
Acanthosis Nigricans: Pathophysiology	05:49
Acrochordon: Pathophysiology	05:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Benign Epithelial Tumors of the Skin“

Sebaceous Gland Tumors: Pathophysiology	09:11
Trichoepithelioma: Pathophysiology	06:22
Eccrine Gland Tumors: Pathophysiology	11:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Adnexal Tumors of the Skin“

Actinic Keratosis: Pathophysiology	10:36
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Pathophysiology	07:29
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Management	06:13
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Pathophysiology	07:52
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Management	07:40
Melanoma: Pathophysiology	07:30
Melanoma: Clinical Manifestation	07:53
Melanoma: Diagnosis and Management	09:51
Dermatofibroma: Pathophysiology	04:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Premalignant and Malignant Epidermal and Dermal Tumors“

Mastocytosis: Pathophysiology	10:31
Leukemia Cutis: Pathophysiology	04:41
T-Cell Lymphomas: Pathophysiology	05:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of Cutaneous Lymphoid Cells“

Rheumatology: Introduction and Overview	05:41
Osteoarthritis (OA)	03:35
Osteoarthritis (OA): Pathogenesis	07:42
Crystalline Arthropathies: Gout / Pseudogout	07:03
Tophaceous Gout	08:48
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease	06:00
Septic Arthritis	10:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction and Non-Autoimmune Arthritis“

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies & Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)	11:03
Reactive vs. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)	11:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Seronegative Spondylarthropathies“

Approach to Rheum Labs: Anti-nuclear Antibody Speciation	10:25
Further Rheum Labs	03:59
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis	08:38
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Signs and Symptoms	10:50
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	06:17
Systemic Sclerosis: Limited vs. Diffuse	09:13
Sjögren Syndrome	06:22
Inflammatory Myopathies, Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis	06:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Connective Tissue Diseases“

Vasculitis: Introduction	06:05
Large Vessel Vasculitides: Takayasu	04:58
Medium Vessel Vasculitides: Polyarteritis Nodosa	07:18
ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	13:24
Non-ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	07:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis: Basic Principles with Carlo Raj“

Dystrophin-associated Protein Complex	09:45
Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy	11:36
Myotonic Dystrophy and Ion Channel Myopathy	09:18
The Neuromuscular Junction	05:29
Myasthenia Gravis: Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome	07:08
Introduction to Soft Tissue Pathology: Tumors in Lipid Tissue	07:14
Fibroblast, Muscle Tissue & Synovial Cell Sarcoma	10:12
Primary vs. Specific Amyloidosis	08:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Muscle and Soft Tissue: Pathology“

Quiz zum Kurs „Doctoring 2 - Block 4: Pathophysiology“