00:00
Now, the GOLD algorithm that you want to keep
in mind. So, the guidelines for lung disease
and its algorithm puts you into two categories
of pathogenesis. Asthma. Maybe there was
a sensitizing agent that the patient
was exposed to. Therefore, what kind of inflammatory
mediators are then involved? These include
CD4-T cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and
may be perhaps interleukins 4 and 5. Now,
all I am doing here is setting
up the immunologic type of presentation
of your patients with different types
of COPD. Now, if it is COPD, this is a noxious
agent that the patient has been exposed to
versus the sensitising agent. The noxious
agent would then result in a COPD airway inflammation
and by definition, this is the T-lymphocyte
CD8 cell and you might have CD68 which then
represents your phagocytic cells either macrophages
or polymorphonuclear cells, referring to neutrophils.
01:06
Now, this is a general overview of what you
can expect with COPD, current day practice,
and also how it’s divided in terms of type
of cells that you are going to find between
asthma and COPD. Remember, in the United States
with asthma in a patient that has been smoking,
often times, they will have overlapping signs
and symptoms with whom? A patient that has
chronic bronchitis. Take a look at the figure
above or in previous discussion where we had
specifically highlighted this issue. Subsequently,
as you move further, we will get into our
more exact pathology of COPD and we will begin
our discussion in a little bit with emphysema.
01:51
See you then.