Year 1 – Fundamentals – Semester 2: The Body: In Health and Disease

Important Concepts and Terms — Introduction to Microbiology	04:22
Fungi — Introduction to Microbiology	03:01
Protozoa – Introduction to Microbiology	04:52
The Concept of Microorganisms – Introduction to Microbiology	03:43
Surviving the Extremes of Life – Introduction to Microbiology	01:50
Metabolic Wizardry – Introduction to Microbiology	03:52
Why do we Care About Microbes? – Introduction to Microbiology	03:17
Bacteria and Bacterial Structure – Bacteria	06:11
Gram-positive Solution – Bacteria	03:43
Gram-negative Solution – Bacteria	06:14
Bacterial Interior – Bacteria	03:49
Making a Bacterial Cell – Bacteria	04:37
Fueling in Heterotrophs – Bacteria	04:13
Harnessing Bacteria – Bacteria	03:24
Bacteria Exchange DNA – Bacteria	02:49
Virus Overview – Viruses	05:15
How 'infected' are we? – Viruses	05:02
Good Viruses – Viruses	04:05
Are Viruses Alive? – Viruses	01:55
Viruses are Very Small – Viruses	04:04
Viruses are not as Small as we Once Thought! – Viruses	03:01
How old are Viruses? – Viruses	02:15
Virus Discovery – Viruses	04:21
We Continue to Discover new Viruses – Viruses	05:30
Eukaryotic Microbes – Fungi	05:36
Yeasts – Fungi	04:13
Pathogenic Yeasts – Fungi	06:16
Filamentous Fungi (Molds) – Fungi	03:11
Indoor Molds – Fungi	03:11
Histoplasmosis – Fungi	04:13
Global Warming and Fungal Diseases – Fungi	03:32
Introduction to Parasites	02:35
Protozoa – Parasites	03:58
Classification of Protozoan Parasites – Parasites	02:46
Helminths (Worms) – Parasites	05:40
Nematodes (Roundworms) and Cestodes (Flatworms) - Parasites	02:57
Schistosomes – Parasites	04:22
Estimated Worldwide Prevalence of Parasitic Infections – Parasites	01:40
Introduction – Prions	04:13
Scrapie – Prions	03:03
Inactivation of Scrapie Infectivity – Prions	03:14
Current View of Prions – Prions	04:15
Sporadic CJD – Prions	02:58
Forced Cannibalism Spreads BSE – Prions	03:10
Chronic Wasting Disease – Prions	02:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Microbiology: Introduction“

Human Microbiome	06:00
Infection Basics	03:20
Bacteria Spread	03:55
Exotoxins and Type III Cytotoxins – Bacterial Toxins	05:33
Endotoxin – Bacterial Toxins	05:16
Membrane-damaging Toxins and Extracellular Matrix Toxins – Bacterial Toxins	02:20
Antimicrobial Compounds	02:14
Antimicrobial Resistance	07:07
Staphylococci	03:58
Abscesses – Staphylococcus Aureus	09:01
Toxin-mediated Diseases – Staphylococcus Infection	04:31
Group A Streptococci	07:20
Streptococcus Pneumoniae	06:29
Enteric Bacteria	03:17
Vibrio Cholerae – Enteric Bacteria	07:03
Escherichia Coli – Enteric Bacteria	15:15
Shigella – Enteric Bacteria	04:05
Salmonella – Enteric Bacteria	06:38
Clinical Types of Intestinal Infection	02:45
Bacillus	11:02
Clostridium	12:16
Clostridial Infections	10:52
Listeria Monocytogenes	07:00
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae	06:46
Actinomyces Species	04:29
Nocardia Species	05:50
Mycobacterium	02:22
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis	17:03
Mycobacterium Leprae	04:29
Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare	04:07
Neisseria Meningitidis	13:08
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa	11:05
Legionella Pneumophila	11:34
Francisella Tularensis	07:02
Bordetella Pertussis	10:02
Brucella Species	06:05
Campylobacter Jejuni	07:18
Helicobacter Pylori	10:05
Klebsiella Pneumoniae	06:25
Yersinia	00:54
Yersinia Pestis	10:46
Yersinia Enterocolitica	04:40
Proteus Mirabilis	04:23
Haemophilus	01:56
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B	09:54
Haemophilus Ducreyi	02:08
Gardnerella Vaginalis	04:11
Pasteurella	05:18
Bacteroides	06:18
Treponema	08:29
Syphilis – Treponema Pallidum	17:06
Yaws, Pinta, and Bejel – The Endemic Treponematoses	03:39
Borrelia	06:31
Lyme Disease – Borreliella burgdorferi	07:22
Relapsing Fever – Borrelia	05:06
Leptospira	05:53
Chlamydia	05:55
Chlamydia Trachomatis	13:28
Chlamydia Psittaci	01:10
Chlamydia Pneumoniae	01:57
Rickettsia	13:33
Mycoplasma	01:28
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae	16:47
Mycoplasma Hominis	01:19
Ureaplasma	03:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Bacteria“

How are Viruses Studied?	04:03
Viral Culture and Virus Quantification	05:46
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:45
Gapped Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:03
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	02:20
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) – RNA Virus Genomes	03:58
Positive-sense Single-stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	06:21
Negative-sense Single-stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	04:28
Ambisense RNA Virus Genomes	01:58
Genetic Engineering of Viruses	03:59
Breakthrough in Virology	05:34
Viral Genomes	05:14
Adenoviruses	11:23
Herpesviruses	05:12
Herpex Simplex Virus-1 and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 – Herpesviruses	11:46
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) – Herpesviruses	05:37
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) – Herpesviruses	07:39
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Herpesviruses	05:46
Roseolovirus (HHV-6 and HHV-7) – Herpesviruses	02:38
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) – Herpesviruses	04:01
Papillomaviruses	22:33
BK and JC Virus – Polyomaviruses	07:14
Poxviruses	04:39
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV) – Poxviruses	01:57
Hepatitis B Virus – Hepadnaviruses	12:15
B19 Parvovirus – Parvoviruses	07:58
Rotavirus and Colorado Tick Fever Virus – Reoviruses	08:17
Picornaviruses	01:47
Enteroviruses – Picornaviruses	13:24
Rhinoviruses – Picornaviruses	06:17
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) – Picornaviruses	06:07
Norwalk Virus and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) – Caliciviruses	05:23
Flaviviruses	01:06
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) – Flaviviruses	06:25
Arboviruses – Flaviviruses	08:16
Rubella and Other Togaviruses	11:09
Retroviruses	02:59
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – Retroviruses	09:24
AIDS-defining Diseases – Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)	17:15
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) – Hepeviruses	08:08
Paramyxoviruses	03:04
Measles Virus – Paramyxoviruses	06:41
Mumps Virus – Paramyxoviruses	03:17
Parainfluenza Viruses – Paramyxoviruses	05:57
Rabies Virus – Rhabdoviruses	09:01
Ebola and Marburg Viruses – Filoviruses	06:02
Influenza Viruses – Orthomyxoviruses	12:45
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) and Lassa Fever Virus – Arenaviruses	04:50
Bunyaviruses	02:20
Hantaviruses – Bunyaviruses	02:45
California Encephalitis Virus – Bunyaviruses	03:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Viruses“

Coronaviridae: Overview	07:52
Characteristics of COVID-19	02:28
COVID-19: Transmission	05:28
COVID-19: Basic Reproduction Number	04:29
COVID-19: Case Fatality Rate (CFR) & Infection Fatality Rate (IFR)	08:55
COVID-19: Epidemiology	11:00
COVID-19: Pathogenesis	08:09
COVID-19: Clinical Aspects	08:27
COVID-19: Complications	07:16
COVID-19: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:21
COVID-19: Prevention	05:42
COVID-19: Vaccines	06:00
COVID-19: Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Side Effects of Vaccines	08:00
COVID-19: Challenges and Prospects of Vaccine Development	04:58
COVID-19: Clinical Case	18:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Coronavirus“

Eukaryotic Microbes	08:31
Fungal Dimorphism	01:54
Fungal Infections	02:29
Sources of Fungal Infections	00:42
Antifungal Agents	02:25
Introduction to Fungi: Learning Outcomes	00:25
Endemic Mycoses: Overview	00:28
Histoplasmosis: Introduction – Endemic Mycoses	08:17
Histoplasmosis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention – Endemic Mycoses	02:49
Coccidiomycosis (Valley Fever) – Endemic Mycoses	09:52
Endemic Mycoses: Learning Outcomes	00:28
Opportunistic Infections: Introduction	00:30
Candidiasis – Opportunistic Infections	08:17
Cryptococcosis – Opportunistic Infections	04:03
Aspergillosis – Opportunistic Infections	04:37
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) – Opportunistic Infections	03:29
Opportunistic Infections: Learning Outcomes	00:44
Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses: Introduction	00:42
Sporotrichosis – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	05:05
Dermatophytes – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	06:06
Cutaneous Fungal Infections	09:36
Malassezia – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	02:53
Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses: Learning Outcomes	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Fungi“

Giardia lamblia – Protozoa (GI Infection)	05:17
Entamoeba Histolytica – Protozoa (GI Infection)	06:06
Cryptosporidium – Protozoa (GI Infection)	04:51
Cystoisospora – Protozoa (GI Infection)	04:49
Cyclospora – Protozoa (GI Infection)	05:34
Toxoplasma gondii – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	06:58
Toxoplasmosis – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	03:52
Trypanosoma brucei – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	08:06
African Trypanosomiasis – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	04:38
American Trypanosomiasis – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	07:23
Leishmania – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	12:38
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	04:05
Plasmodium – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	09:22
Malaria – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	06:42
Babesia – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	05:43
Trichomonas – Protozoa (Sexually Transmitted Infection)	05:00
Introduction to Helminths	02:28
Ascaris lumbricoides (Nematodes) – Helminths	08:48
Hookworms (Nematodes) – Helminths	04:54
Trichinella spiralis and Trichinosis (Nematodes) – Helminths	04:30
Taenia (Cestodes) – Helminths	05:49
Echinococcus (Cestodes) – Helminths	09:11
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosomiasis (Trematodes) – Helminths	07:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Parasites“

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSEs) of Humans	08:50
Pathogenesis – TSEs	03:53
Prion Protein – TSEs	02:00
Mad Cow Disease – TSEs	06:33
Molecular Test for TSE Prions – TSEs	04:38
Chronic Wasting Disease – TSEs	07:26
Origins of Prion Diseases – TSEs	02:30
TSEs: Learning Outcomes	00:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Prions“

Bacterial Meningitis: Definition	03:48
Bacterial Meningitis: Signs/Symptoms in Newborns & Younger Children	05:29
Neisseria Meningitidis (Meningococcus): Signs & Symptoms	08:43
Bacterial Meningitis: Diagnosis & CSF Findings	09:33
Bacterial Meningitis: Management & Empirical Treatment When Gram’s Stain (-)	09:13
Bacterial Meningitis: Prognosis	01:26
Bacterial Meningitis: Etiology & MCV-4 Meningococcal Vaccine	08:04
Encephalitis: Definition and Etiology	04:40
Encephalitis: Vector-borne Viruses	04:49
Encephalitis: Signs & Symptoms	04:15
Encephalitis: Diagnosis	03:59
Encephalitis: Supportive Management	03:43
Brain Abscess: Etiology	12:20
Brain Abscess: Pathology	02:58
Brain Abscess: Signs & Symptoms	06:01
Brain Abscess: Diagnosis	01:17
Brain Abscess: Initial Management	05:46
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infection—Infectious Diseases“

Infective Endocarditis (IE): Definition and Epidemiology	09:44
Infective Endocarditis (IE): Pathology	09:43
Infective Endocarditis (IE): Etiology	05:10
Infective Endocarditis (IE): Classification	02:54
Infective Endocarditis (IE): Signs and Symptoms	08:34
Endocarditis: Microbiologic Dx	12:58
Infective Endocarditis (IE): Management	04:37
IE Management: Antibiotic Treatment	09:50
IE Management: Other Procedures Requiring Antibiotic Prophylaxis	04:16
IE Prognosis: Areas of Uncertainty	02:25
Pericarditis: Epidemiology	06:02
Pericarditis: Signs and Symptoms	05:28
Pericarditis: Diagnosis	06:50
Myocarditis: Definition and Epidemiology	06:17
Myocarditis: Signs, Diagnosis & Management	04:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Infections“

Acute Pharyngitis: Definition and Epidemiology	05:50
Group A Streptococcus (GAS): Signs and Symptoms	11:54
Group A Streptococcus (GAS): Diagnosis and Treatment	10:03
Acute Sinusitis: Definition and Pathology	08:47
Acute Sinusitis: Microbiology and Epidemiology	06:55
Acute Sinusitis: Management	08:06
Acute Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection): Definition and Epidemiology	04:40
Acute Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection): Etiology	04:45
Acute Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection): Signs and Symptoms	05:21
Acute Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection): Management	03:02
Acute Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection): Etiology and Prognosis	02:59
Influenza A: Definition and Etiology	04:45
Influenza A: Pathology	05:05
Influenza A: Epidemiology	06:27
Influenza A: Signs, Symptoms & Transmission	07:56
Influenza A and B: Management	05:26
Influenza: Management and Prevention	04:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Upper Respiratory Infections“

Infectious Diarrhea and Food Poisoning: Definition & Epidemiology	10:31
Infectious Diarrhea: Diagnosis	05:30
Watery Diarrhea: V. Cholerae/Cholera Toxin	04:35
Watery Diarrhea: E. Coli et al.	07:39
C. Difficile Infection (Antibiotics)	11:49
Acute Dysentery	07:57
Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever): Etiology	08:48
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS): Signs and Symptoms	05:03
Acute Bacterial Diarrhea: Food-bacteria Associations	07:44
Hepatitis: Definition and Epidemiology	04:27
Hepatitis: Etiology	05:12
Hepatitis: Pathology	09:36
Hepatitis: Signs and Symptoms	09:41
Hepatitis: Diagnosis and Management	08:41
Hepatitis: Prevention	01:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Infections“

Urethritis: Definition and Pathology	06:15
Gonorrhea: Signs, Symptoms & Diagnosis	05:50
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Trachomatis: Management	04:57
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Definition and Pathology	05:07
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Signs and Symptoms	04:01
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Management and Etiology	04:41
Syphilis – Definition and Pathology	04:54
Primary and Secondary Syphilis	07:45
Latent Syphilis, Tertiary Syphilis, Syphilitic Meningitis & Meningovascular Syphilis	05:56
Parenchymatous Syphilis and Tabes Dorsalis (Syphilitic Myelopathy)	05:54
Cardiovascular Syphilis and Late Benign (Gummatous) Syphilis	06:35
Syphilis: Diagnosis	06:20
Syphilis: Therapy	04:08
Chancroid: Definition and Pathology	03:33
Chancroid: Signs and Symptoms	02:19
Chancroid: Diagnosis and Therapy	02:56
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV): Definition	03:20
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV): Signs/Symptoms, Diagnosis & Management	06:47
Donovanosis (Granuloma Inguinale)	07:28
Genital Herpes: Definition and Epidemiology	03:28
Genital Herpes: Signs, Symptoms & Diagnosis	05:33
Genital Herpes: Management and Etiology	03:10
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Definition and Pathology	10:06
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Signs, Symptoms & Opportunistic Infections	14:07
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Diagnosis and Management	14:54
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Prevention & Prognosis	07:01
Genital Warts (Condyloma Acuminatum): Definition, Epidemiology & Etiology	02:56
Genital Warts (Condyloma Acuminatum): Pathology, Signs & Symptoms	03:01
Genital Warts (Condyloma Acuminatum): Diagnosis and Management	06:56
Quiz zum Kurs „Genital and Sexually Transmitted Infections“

Cystitis: Definition, Epidemiology & Etiology	03:23
Cystitis: Pathology, Signs & Symptoms	03:04
Cystitis: Diagnosis and Management	07:12
Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection) and Perinephric Abscess: Definition, Epidemiology & Etiology	04:57
Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection) and Perinephric Abscess: Pathology, Signs & Symptoms	07:19
Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection) and Perinephric Abscess: Diagnosis & Management	08:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinary Tract Infections“

Introduction: Pathogens and the Immune System	05:29
Immune Response	07:35
Strategies to Eliminate Pathogens	05:06
Organization of the Immune System	05:07
Cells of the Innate Immune Response	03:26
Phagocytic Cells	07:23
Dendritic Cells, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells	04:05
Cells of the Adaptive Immune System	00:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Immune System: Overview and Cells“

Introduction: The Innate Immune Response	02:46
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)	06:59
Inflammatory Signaling and Inflammasomes	05:20
Acute Phase Response	07:19
Acute Inflammation	04:50
Chronic Inflammation	04:12
Complement System	10:23
Acute inflammatory, Type I interferon and NK cell responses	08:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Innate Immune System“

Recognition of Antigens – Lymphocyte Development	04:51
B-Cell Development in the Bone Marrow – Lymphocyte Development	12:29
Immunoglobulin Genes and Recombination – Lymphocyte Development	08:48
Mediation of Antigen Receptor Genetic Recombination – Lymphocyte Development	05:00
Antibody Variable Region Diversity – Lymphocyte Development	06:13
Junctional Diversity, N-Nucleotide Addition and Somatic Hypermutation – Lymphocyte Development	05:53
Class Switch Recombination, Co-Expression and B-Cell Development – Lymphocyte Development	06:36
T-Cell Development – Lymphocyte Development	06:48
T-Cell Development in Thymus and Genetic Recombination of TCR – Lymphocyte Development	04:55
Natural Killer T-Cells (NKT-Cells) – Lymphocyte Development	03:12
Overview of Lymphoid Tissues – Lymphocyte Activation	00:57
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues – Lymphocyte Activation	08:14
Germinal Center – Lymphocyte Activation	03:02
B- and T-Cell Activation – Lymphocyte Activation	04:36
B-Cell Differentiation – Lymphocyte Activation	05:19
Migration and Maturation of Interdigitating Dendritic Cells and T-Cell Differentiation – Lymphocyte Activation	05:53
Costimulation – Lymphocyte Activation	04:02
Introduction to Lymphocyte Recirculation – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	01:20
Blood/Lymphatic Circulation and High Endothelial Venules – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	07:23
Chemokines – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:31
Migration of Central Memory and Effector Memory T-Cells – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:58
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:59
Trafficking and Homing – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	09:05
Introduction – Antigen Processing and Presentation	00:58
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) – Antigen Processing and Presentation	04:53
Polymorphism and TCR Recognition of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	05:34
Diversity of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	04:41
Structure of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	06:37
Main Pathways and Endogenous/Exogenous Antigens – Antigen Processing and Presentation	08:18
Cross-Presentation – Antigen Processing and Presentation	02:46
Presentation of Lipid Antigens by CD1 – Antigen Processing and Presentation	01:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Adaptive Immune System“

Humoral Immunity: Introduction	00:55
Humoral Immunity: T-Dependent, T-Independent Antigens, and Class Switching	04:05
Humoral Immunity: Structure of Antibodies and Immunoglobulin Domains	08:15
Humoral Immunity: Antibody Polymers and Antibody Binding to Antigens	06:17
Humoral Immunity: Function of Antibodies	07:55
Cell-mediated Immunity: Introduction	02:50
Cell-mediated Immunity: Gamma-Delta T-Cells, T-Cell Receptor, and Alpha-Beta T-Cells	07:57
Cell-mediated Immunity: Th0, Th1, and Th2 Cells	05:30
Cell-mediated Immunity: Regulatory T-Cells, Cytotoxic T-Cells, Macrophages, and Intraepithelial Lymphocytes	06:36
Cell-mediated Immunity: Cytokines, Interferons, Interleukins, and Colony Stimulating Factors	05:30
Cell-mediated Immunity: Chemokines, Tumor Necrosis Factors, and Transforming Growth Factors	02:51
Cell-mediated Immunity: Functional Modes of Cytokines and Cytokine Receptor Signaling	04:25
Cell-mediated Immunity: Therapeutic Blocking of Pathological Cytokines and Therapeutic Cytokines	02:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Humoral Immunity and Cell-mediated Immunity“

Introduction – Primary Immunodeficiency	05:13
Complement Deficiencies – Primary Immunodeficiency	04:06
Phagocytic Cell Disorders – Primary Immunodeficiency	05:18
Autoinflammatory Disorders – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:25
Mutations Affecting T-Cell Maturation	02:17
B-Cell Immunodeficiencies: Common Variable Immunodeficiency, X-linked Agammaglobulinemia and Selective IgA Deficiency – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:54
T-Cell Immunodeficiencies: Hyper IgM Syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and MHC Class II Deficiency – Primary Immunodeficiency	08:30
Primary Immunodeficiencies Associated with Autoimmune Disease	03:21
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) – Primary Immunodeficiency	04:23
Diagnosis – Primary Immunodeficiency	03:54
Treatment – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:37
Introduction – Secondary Immunodeficiency	03:41
Causes: Immaturity & Pregnancy – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	05:09
Causes: Aging & Infections – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	04:03
HIV Infection and HIV Life Cycle– Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	06:06
HIV Disease: Clinical Course, Treatment & Prophylaxis – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	06:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Immunodeficiency and Immune Deficiency Diseases“

Introduction to Hypersensitivity	01:42
Hypersensitivity: Types	04:42
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 – Causes	07:18
Allergy: Genetics and IgE	02:29
IgE, Mast Cells and Eosinophils	04:40
Allergy: Diagnosis, Therapy and Treatment of Asthma	06:11
Hypersensitivity: Type 2	08:46
Hypersensitivity: Type 3	02:32
Hypersensitivity: Type 4	03:17
Introduction to Autoimmune Diseases	02:14
Immune Tolerance and Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE)	04:29
Genetic Susceptibility to Autoimmune Diseases and Mechanisms	08:46
Autoimmune Diseases: Types	03:25
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia	04:56
Goodpasture's Syndrome, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Graves' Disease and Type I Diabetes	06:31
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)	03:11
Acute Rheumatic Fever	01:02
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	03:18
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)	03:56
Celiac Disease	01:59
Autoimmune Diseases: Therapy	03:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune Disease“

Introduction to the Problems and Rules of Transplantation	04:28
Allograft Rejection and Blood Transfusion	06:22
Blood Transfusion	02:02
Direct and Indirect Alloantigen Recognition	06:10
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and MHC Disparity	06:47
Tissue Typing, Immunosuppressive Drugs and GVHD	04:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Transplantation Immunology“

Introduction to Tumor Immunology	00:45
Leukemia, Lymphoma & Myeloma	07:07
Immune Response to Tumors: Tumor Antigens and Antitumor Immunity	08:56
Tumor-Infiltrating NK Cells	06:55
Tumor Evasion of the Immune Response and Immune Checkpoint Blockade	03:12
Monoclonal Antibodies and Nonspecific Immunotherapy	07:29
Tumor Vaccines	03:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumor Immunology“

Introduction to Vaccination	05:15
History of Vaccination	04:32
Vaccine Components: Antigen, Carrier and Adjuvant	04:20
Types of Vaccines (1): Live Attenuated Vaccines and Inactivated Vaccines	04:40
Vaccination: Subunit Vaccines, Toxoid Vaccines, Conjugate Vaccines	06:20
Future Needs for Vaccines: Influenza, COVID, Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV	08:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vaccine Immunology“

Introduction to Immunodiagnostics	01:03
Immunodiagnostic Methods: Agglutination, Nephelometry, Immunoprecipitation and Radial Immunodiffusion	04:13
Electrophoresis and Western Blot	03:45
Immunoassays: ELISA, RIA and Luminex™	04:57
Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry	03:38
Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)	06:16
Evaluation of Cellular Activity	06:52
Preparation of Antibodies	08:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Immunodiagnostics“

Definition – Heart Failure	06:22
Pathophysiology – Heart Failure	06:17
Types – Heart Failure	07:02
Causes and Symptoms – Heart Failure	07:58
Testing on Patients and Therapy – Heart Failure	16:06
Classification – Congenital Heart Disease	07:10
Obstructive Congenital Heart Lesions – Congenital Heart Disease	07:09
Congenital Heart Lesions – Congenital Heart Disease	17:05
Conclusion – Congenital Heart Disease	03:03
Anomalous Coronary Arteries – Congenital Heart Disease	16:55
Changing Concepts – Valvular Heart Disease	04:59
Aortic Stenosis – Valvular Heart Disease	08:36
Bicuspid Aortic Valve – Valvular Heart Disease	03:18
Aortic Sclerosis – Valvular Heart Disease	11:31
Aortic Regurgitation – Valvular Heart Disease	04:55
Mitral Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation – Valvular Heart Disease	07:53
Tricuspid Regurgitation – Valvular Heart Disease	07:13
Plaque – Coronary Artery Disease	09:19
Acute Coronary Syndrome – Coronary Artery Disease	10:01
Six Areas of Consensus – Coronary Artery Disease	15:31
Four Areas of Controversy – Coronary Artery Disease	11:15
Diseases of the Heart Muscle – Cardiomyopathy	06:50
Dilated Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	04:47
Secondary Dilated Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	09:23
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	10:18
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	08:37
Therapy – Cardiomyopathy	03:43
Reading ECGs and Identifying Arrhythmias – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	03:51
Conduction System – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	05:24
ECG Trace – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	04:12
Sinus, Atrial and Ventricular Rhythm – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	17:20
Reading ECGs – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	05:12
Complications of Hypertension – Hypertension	05:26
Therapy – Hypertension	09:49
Diuretics – Hypertension	06:00
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System – Hypertension	07:57
Beta and Calcium Channel Blockers – Hypertension	04:10
Other Forms of Therapy – Hypertension	04:30
Cardiac Trauma	05:53
Cardiac Tumors	02:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiac Diseases“

How to Read an Electrocardiogram (ECG): Introduction	09:11
Cardiac Action Potential	04:16
Standard 12 Lead ECG	02:22
Systematic ECG Interpretation	13:47
ECG Case: 22-year-old Man with Anterior Chest Pain	01:40
Review of Normal ECG	03:07
ECG of Myocardial Infarction (MI): STEMI vs. NSTEMI	05:23
ECG of Inferior Myocardial Infarction (MI)	02:24
ECG of Anterior Myocardial Infarction (MI)	03:45
Abnormal Q Waves: ECGs of Healed Myocardial Infarction (MI)	03:21
Abnormal T Waves: Differentiating Pericarditis from Myocardial Infarction (MI)	05:08
ECG Case: 67-year-old Diabetic Man with Low Blood Pressure	02:02
ECG Case: 17-year-old Man with Pressure Feeling under Sternum	01:41
ECG of Ventricular Hypertrophy	12:07
ECG of Atrial Enlargement	01:58
ECG Case: 52-year-old Man with Shortness of Breath	02:01
ECG Case: 44-year-old Woman with Shortness of Breath and Fatigue	01:52
Review of Cardiac Conduction System	04:04
Bundle Branch and Fascicular Blocks	08:58
ECG Case: 70-year-old Man with Acute Anterior MI	02:29
Sick Sinus Syndrome and Sinus Exit Block	04:12
First-degree AV Blocks	01:40
Second-degree AV Blocks	08:10
Third-degree AV Blocks	01:40
ECG Case: 88-year-old Man with Syncope	01:38
Supraventricular Arrhythmias: Introduction	04:04
ECG of Atrial Premature Beats	02:39
ECG of Supraventricular Tachycardia	02:35
ECG of Atrial Flutter and Fibrillation	04:44
ECG of Nodale Extra Systoles	01:01
ECG Case: 80-year-old Woman with Palpitations and Shortness of Breath	01:44
Types of Pacemaker	13:27
How to Read a Pacemaker ECG	01:57
Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) Pacemaker	03:10
ECG Case: 77-year-old Man with Pacemaker	01:06
ECG of Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)	03:44
ECG of Ventricular Tachycardia and Cardiac Arrest	03:09
ECG of Torsades de Pointes	01:37
ECG Case: 40-year-old Woman with 'Extra Heart Beats'	01:42
Effects of Electrolyte Abnormalities on the ECG	07:37
Effects of Drugs on the ECG	02:17
ECG Case: 65-year-old Man with CRF Misses Dialysis	01:11
How to Read an ECG: Conclusion	05:38
Power ECG Case Session	14:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Electrocardiogram (ECG) Interpretation“

Cardiac Case: 57-year-old Man with Substernal Chest Pain	03:27
Cardiac Case: 62-year-old Woman with Fever and Epigastric Discomfort	05:37
Cardiac Case: 44-year-old Man with Indigestion during Exertion	05:32
Cardiac Case: 46-year-old Woman with Shortness of Breath when Walking	05:07
Cardiac Case: 77-year-old Man with Shortness of Breath and Palpitations	03:59
Cardiac Case: 76-year-old Man with COPD and Sudden Increase in Shortness of Breath	04:37
Cardiac Case: 19-year-old Man with Central Chest Pain Worsening when Breathing	03:12
Cardiac Case: 55-year-old Man with Sudden Anterior Chest Pain Radiating to Back	04:01
Cardiac Case: 82-year-old Man with Syncope	02:43
Cardiac Case: 54-year-old Woman with Breast Cancer and Dyspnea	03:39
Cardiac Case: 45-year-old Man with Alcohol Intake after Minor Traffic Accident	06:31
Cardiac Case: 21-year-old Woman with Fatigue and Shortness of Breath when Exercising	03:45
Cardiac Case: 56-year-old Man with Dyspnea and Ankle Edema	03:03
Cardiac Case: 86-year-old Woman with Shortness of Breath during Annual Checkup	03:12
Cardiac Case: 72-year-old Man with Dyspnea at Rest and Inability to Lie Flat	03:33
Cardiac Case: 18-year-old Woman with Murmur	02:40
Cardiac Case: 68-year-old Woman with Murmur and Abnormal Heart Valve	05:54
Cardiac Case: 24-year-old Man with Asymptomatic Murmur	04:10
Cardiac Case: 67-year-old Woman with Cardiac Arrest	03:24
Cardiac Case: 18-year-old Woman with Fast Heart Beat and Shortness of Breath	03:31
Cardiac Case: 79-year-old Man with Pacemaker and Recent Dental Procedure	03:19
Cardiac Case: 22-year-old Woman with Fever and Ankle Edema after Long-term Heroin Abuse	03:07
Cardiac Case: 61-year-old Man with Substernal Chest Discomfort, Shortness of Breath and Diffuse Sweating	04:07
Cardiac Case: 17-year-old Man with High Blood Pressure	03:56
Cardiac Case: 42-year-old Woman with Joint Discomfort, Low Grade Fever, and Dyspnea	02:56
Cardiac Case: 62-year-old Man with Shortness of Breath and Peripheral Edema	05:45
Cardiac Case: 22-year-old Woman with Leg Edema, Dyspnea and Fatigue	04:33
Cardiac Case: 38-year-old Woman with Shortness of Breath and Inability to Lie Flat after Childbirth	05:12
Vascular Case: 72-year-old Man with Foot Pain and Gangrenous Left Hallux	06:03
Vascular Case: 37-year-old Man with Elevated Blood Pressure after Motor Vehicle Accident	03:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Cases“

Respiratory Tract Infections: Introduction	02:01
Respiratory Tract Infections: Classification	04:48
Bronchitis	03:46
Pneumonia: Overview	02:32
Pneumonia: Classification	04:08
Pneumonia: Signs and Symptoms	02:54
Pneumonia: Diagnosis	11:26
Pneumonia: Treatment	09:13
Complications of Community Acquired Pneumonia	03:18
Other Types of Pneumonia	04:51
Bronchitis and Pneumonia: Summary	02:20
Influenza Virus	06:46
Subacute Lung Infections	02:14
Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Cause and Pathogenesis	03:47
Tuberculosis Pathogenesis	06:13
Clinical Manifestations and TB Case Histories	06:40
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis	05:43
Treatment of Tuberculosis	06:46
Outcome of TB	02:32
Tuberculosis: Summary	01:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Infections of the Respiratory Tract“

Coronaviridae: Overview	07:52
Characteristics of COVID-19	02:28
COVID-19: Transmission	05:28
COVID-19: Basic Reproduction Number	04:29
COVID-19: Case Fatality Rate (CFR) & Infection Fatality Rate (IFR)	08:55
COVID-19: Epidemiology	11:00
COVID-19: Pathogenesis	08:09
COVID-19: Clinical Aspects	08:27
COVID-19: Complications	07:16
COVID-19: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:21
COVID-19: Prevention	05:42
COVID-19: Vaccines	06:00
COVID-19: Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Side Effects of Vaccines	08:00
COVID-19: Challenges and Prospects of Vaccine Development	04:58
COVID-19: Clinical Case	18:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Coronavirus“

Asthma: Lower Airways Obstruction	07:03
Asthma: Clinical History	07:43
Asthma: Subtypes and Diagnosis	06:42
Asthma: Treatment	10:24
Asthma: Acute Exacerbations	06:31
Asthma: Complications	06:01
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Overview	07:26
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Symptoms	04:02
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Clinical Signs	04:47
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Tests and Investigations	05:57
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Treatment	05:53
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Acute Exacerbation	08:07
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Complications and Associations	03:38
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Summary	01:49
Large Airways Obstruction: Causes	05:35
Large Airways Obstruction: Investigation and Treatment	06:05
Bronchiectasis: Overview and Causes	06:18
Bronchiectasis: Presentation and Clinical Signs	04:00
Bronchiectasis: Diagnosis and Treatment	04:56
Cystic Fibrosis and ABPA	07:11
Hemoptysis and Major Hemoptysis: Definition and Treatment	04:00
Other Airways Diseases: Summary	01:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Airway Diseases“

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Overview	04:02
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Pathology	01:26
Pulmonary Fibrosis	03:45
Pulmonary Fibrosis: Signs and Investigation	02:33
Pulmonary Fibrosis: Clinical Recognition and CT Scans	02:38
Pulmonary Fibrosis: Invasive Tests and Treatment	03:57
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis	05:09
Pneumoconiosis	02:43
Sarcoidosis	05:55
Sarcoidosis: Extrapulmonary Manifestations	04:55
Sarcoidosis: Histological Confirmation	05:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)“

Lung Cancer and Tumors: Overview	03:10
Lung Cancer and Tumors: Pathogenesis	03:45
Lung Cancer and Tumors: Presentation	03:59
Local Invasion and Metastases	04:39
Distal Metastases	01:52
Paraneoplastic Syndromes	03:12
Differential Diagnosis of Suspected Lung Cancer	01:39
Investigation of Suspected Lung Cancer	03:43
Lung Cancer and Tumors	04:31
Lung Cancer Staging (TNM)	02:08
Treatment: Curable and Incurable NSCLC	06:05
Treatment: SCLC	02:51
Mesothelioma: Presentation and Management	04:53
Less Common Lung Tumors	04:25
Lung Cancer and Tumors: Summary	02:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Lung Cancer“

Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Introduction	02:22
Pulmonary Emboli	06:16
Diagnosis of Acute PE	04:21
Treatment of PE	02:16
Pulmonary Hypertension	04:05
Chronic PE (Primary Pulmonary Hypertension)	06:08
Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension	01:44
Cor Pulmonale	03:17
Pulmonary Vasculitis	05:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Vascular Disease“

Pleural Disease: Introduction	03:58
Transudates vs. Exudates	04:59
Unilateral Pleural Effusions	03:02
Pleural Tap	02:38
Pleural Biopsy	05:08
Pneumothorax	06:18
Tension Pneumothorax	04:00
Empyema	06:02
Pleural Thickening	01:20
Asbestos Exposure and Pleural Disease	03:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Pleural Disease“

Disorders of Respiratory Physiology	04:50
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	03:48
Patterns of Acid-base Disorders	05:29
Treatment of Type 2 Respiratory Failure	03:35
Obstructive Sleep Apnea	07:24
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome	02:57
Chest Wall and Muscle Disease	03:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Respiratory Disorders“

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Staging and Etiology	07:19
Renal Case: 72-year-old Woman with Altered Mental Status	01:52
Pre-renal AKI: Pathophysiology	04:29
Pre-renal AKI: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:53
Renal Case: 56-year-old Man with Coronary Angiography	01:51
Acute Tubular Necrosis: Pathophysiology and Causes – AKI	07:19
Acute Tubular Necrosis: Diagnosis and Treatment – AKI	09:28
Renal Case: 35-year-old Woman with Increased Serum Creatinine	01:58
Acute Interstitial Nephritis – AKI	05:56
Renal Case: 47-year-old Woman with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma	01:52
Acute Tubular Obstruction – AKI	08:08
Renal Case: 63-year-old Man with Nausea, Fatigue, and Lethargy	02:21
Vascular Disease: Causes – AKI	06:37
Vascular Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment – AKI	05:06
Renal Case: 62-year-old Woman with Nausea, Fatigue, and Lethargy	01:51
Glomerular Disease – AKI	04:31
Renal Case: 66-year-old Man with Voiding Symptoms	01:58
Obstructive Uropathy (Post-renal AKI) with Case	06:27
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Complications	01:44
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): General Approach	05:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)“

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Definition with Case	05:22
Assessing Kidney Function: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) with Case	11:49
Assessing Kidney Function: Proteinuria	04:18
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Stages	03:03
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Causes	07:34
Renal Case: 63-year-old Woman with Elevated Serum Creatinine	02:08
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Pathophysiology	01:12
Renal Case: 49-year-old Man with Increased Serum Creatinine	01:49
Diabetes Mellitus: Common Diseases that Predispose to CKD	06:08
Renal Case: 57-year-old Man with Increased Serum Creatinine	01:43
Hypertension: Common Diseases that Predispose to CKD	02:34
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Complications with Case	08:09
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Risk Factors for Progression	03:27
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Interventions to Slow Down Progression with Case	09:42
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Patient Care	05:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)“

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis with Case	05:41
Nephrolithiasis: Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis with Case	06:07
Renal Case: 49-year-old Man with Recently Diagnosed Kidney Stone	02:09
Nephrolithiasis: Clinical Evaluation	09:37
Calcium Stones: Treatment – Nephrolithiasis	04:05
Uric Acid Stones: Treatment – Nephrolithiasis	01:40
Struvite Stones: Treatment – Nephrolithiasis	02:01
Cystine Stones: Treatment – Nephrolithiasis	02:24
Renal Case: 42-year-old Woman with 2nd Diagnosis of a Kidney Stone	04:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)“

Body Water Balance: Terms and Definitions	07:46
Body Water Balance: Normal Kidney Function	03:55
Review of ADH Regulation	04:30
Hyponatremia and Its Neurologic Effects	04:06
Hyponatremia: Clinical Approach	04:34
Hypovolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia	02:03
Euvolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia	03:51
Hypervolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia	01:25
Hyponatremia: Management	04:55
Renal Case: 39-year-old Woman with Type 2 DM	03:24
Renal Case: 52-year-old Man with Depression	04:17
Hypernatremia: Etiology	05:34
Hypernatremia: Management	04:27
Renal Case: 81-year-old Man with Depression	03:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Water Balance: Hypo- and Hypernatremia“

Review of Potassium Metabolism	11:09
Transcellular Shift – Hypokalemia	03:23
GI Losses – Hypokalemia	02:04
Renal Losses: Metabolic Alkalosis – Hypokalemia	08:10
Renal Losses: Metabolic Acidosis – Hypokalemia	04:49
Renal Losses: Magnesium Deficit – Hypokalemia	00:54
Hypokalemia: Clinical Manifestations	02:49
Hypokalemia: Diagnosis and Treatment	03:49
Renal Case: 32-year-old Man with New-onset Hypertension	01:57
Renal Case: 22-year-old Woman Complaining of Weakness	01:28
Hyperkalemia: Etiology	07:26
Hyperkalemia: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis	03:01
Hyperkalemia: Treatment	04:46
Renal Case: 52-year-old Man with End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)	03:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Potassium Disorders: Hypo- and Hyperkalemia“

Primary vs. Secondary Hypertension	06:35
Renal Case: 34-year-old Woman with New Onset of Hypertension	01:55
Renovascular Disease: Etiology and Pathophysiology – Secondary Hypertension	05:41
Renovascular Disease: Clinical Features and Treatment – Secondary Hypertension	09:42
Renal Parenchymal Hypertension – Secondary Hypertension	02:06
Renal Case: 52-year-old Man with New-onset Hypertension	01:59
Primary Hyperaldosteronism – Secondary Hypertension	08:05
Renal Case: 38-year-old Man with Purple Stretch Marks	01:53
Cushing's Disease and Syndrome – Secondary Hypertension	04:24
Renal Case: 47-year-old Woman with Palpitations	01:46
Pheochromocytoma – Secondary Hypertension	04:58
Renal Case: 59-year-old Man who Snores	01:46
Obstructive Sleep Apnea – Secondary Hypertension	03:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Secondary Hypertension“

Nephrotic Syndrome: Pathophysiology with Case	06:49
Nephrotic Syndrome: Complications and Treatment	03:21
Nephrotic Syndrome: Etiology	03:35
Renal Case: 64-year-old Man with Lower Extremity Edema	01:26
Membranous Nephropathy – Nephrotic Syndrome	12:06
Renal Case: 32-year-old Woman with Abrupt Onset of Edema	01:33
Minimal Change Disease – Nephrotic Syndrome	07:01
Renal Case: 38-year-old Man with Sickle Cell Disease	01:36
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) – Nephrotic Syndrome	09:25
Amyloidosis – Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome	04:56
Diabetic Nephropathy – Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome	04:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephrotic Syndrome“

Acute Nephritic Syndrome: Fundamentals	03:46
Renal Case: 63-year-old Man with Microscopic Hematuria	02:34
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) – Nephritic Syndrome	11:34
Complement Mediated MPGN – Nephritic Syndrome	07:54
Renal Case: 22-year-old Woman with Tea-colored Urine	01:49
IgA Nephropathy – Nephritic Syndrome	09:56
Renal Case: 28-year-old Man with Cola-colored Urine	02:53
Infection-associated Glomerulonephritis – Nephritic Syndrome	07:22
Renal Case: 35-year-old Woman with Edema and Weight Gain	02:26
Lupus Nephritis – Nephritic Syndrome	10:23
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) – Nephritic Syndrome	11:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephritic Syndrome“

Renal Replacement Therapy: Indication and Initiation	05:27
Renal Replacement Therapy: Types	03:21
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: Procedure	07:27
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: Access	05:04
Kidney Transplant – Renal Replacement Therapy	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Replacement Therapy“

UTI: Pathogenesis and Etiology with Case	07:38
UTI: Diagnosis and Treatment	03:54
UTIs in Children	01:42
UTIs in Young Women	02:27
Renal Case: 45-year-old Woman in ER with Acute Onset of Fever	02:26
Acute Pyelonephritis – Complicated UTIs	01:33
Prostatitis – Complicated UTIs	01:42
Catheter-associated Infections – Complicated UTIs	01:34
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis – Complicated UTIs	01:30
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis – Complicated UTIs	01:59
Renal Case: 52-year-old Woman Noted to Have Bacteriuria	01:44
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria – UTI	01:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)“

Review of Thyroid Physiology	02:36
Thyroid Case: 38-year-old Woman with Insomnia, Anxiety and Hair Loss	01:40
Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis	02:20
Thyroid Storm with Case	02:36
Graves Disease	05:05
Types of Thyroiditis with Case	03:37
Toxic Adenoma and Multinodular Goiter with Case	03:31
Hyperthyroidism – Summary	02:11
Thyroid Nodules	03:19
Thyroid Cancer with Case	04:51
Thyroid Case: 52-year-old Woman with Weight Gain, Fatigue and Poor Concentration	01:52
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Subclinical Hypothyroidism	04:00
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome with Case	01:53
Myxedema Coma with Case	03:13
Hypothyroidism – Summary	01:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Thyroid Disorders“

Review of Hypothalamic and Pituitary Physiology	03:38
Pituitary Case: 54-year-old Man with Fatigue and Joint Pain	03:07
Acromegaly	03:14
Pituitary Case: 28-year-old Woman with Amenorrhea and Nipple Discharge	01:58
Hyperprolactinemia	04:25
Pituitary Case: 53-year-old Man after Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma	02:06
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)	02:05
Pituitary Case: 48-year-old Woman with Weight Gain, Easy Bruising, and Hypertension	01:28
Cushing Syndrome and Cushing Disease	08:31
Summary: Pituitary Hormone Excess	01:35
Pituitary Case: 51-year-old Man with Severe Headache	03:35
Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormone Deficiency	05:48
Pituitary Case: 28-year-old Woman with Excessive Thirst and Urination	02:08
Diabetes Insipidus and Pituitary Tumors	06:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Pituitary and Hypothalamic Disorders“

Review of Adrenal Excess and Adrenal Deficiency	03:20
Adrenal Case: 25-year-old Man with Severe Pulsatile Headache	02:08
Pheochromocytoma	05:03
Adrenal Case: 38-year-old Man with Hypertension	02:58
Primary Hyperaldosteronism	02:15
Adrenal Case: 68-year-old Man with Nausea, Lightheadedness, Back and Abdominal Pain	04:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Adrenal Gland Disorders“

Types of Diabetes	04:53
Diabetic Case: 9-year-old Girl with Thirst, Weight Loss, and Frequent Urination	04:08
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	03:54
Honeymoon Phase with Case	03:49
Diabetic Case: 47-year-old Woman with Pain on Urination, Frequent Urination, and Urine Urgency	02:43
Diabetic Case: 61-year-old Man with Weight Gain	01:31
Prediabetes	02:41
Diabetic Case: 36-year-old Primigravid Woman for Antenatal Care	01:17
Gestational Diabetes	02:08
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Patient Education and Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose	03:07
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Monitoring and Non-pharmacologic Approaches	02:54
Bariatric Surgery with Case	03:17
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Rational Management	01:19
Type 1 Diabetes Management with Case	09:46
Diabetic Case: 19-year-old Man with Type 1 DM	02:01
Diabetic Case: 75-year-old Man on Insulin Therapy	02:20
Diabetic Case: 49-year-old Man with Elevated HbA1c	02:19
Non-insulin Diabetes Mellitus Medications with Case	18:17
Basal-bolus Insulin Therapy with Case	02:27
Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Cases	04:58
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS) with Case	03:26
Comparing Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS) and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)	10:11
Diabetes Mellitus: Chronic Complications	06:08
Diabetic Neuropathy with Case	04:57
Diabetic Foot Ulcers with Case	03:26
Hypoglycemia with Case	04:14
Insulinoma (Whipple's Triad) with Case	03:44
Quiz zum Kurs „Diabetes Mellitus“

Hypercalcemia and Review of Calcium Homeostasis	07:32
Bone Metabolism Case: 68-year-old Woman with High Serum Calcium Level	02:27
Primary Hyperparathyroidism	06:14
Bone Metabolism Case: 71-year-old Man with Shortness of Breath	02:21
Hypercalcemia: Types and Management	07:24
Hypocalcemia: Causes and Clinical Features	02:35
Iatrogenic Hypoparathyroidism with Case	04:03
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) with Case	01:53
Hypocalcemia: Management	03:54
Osteoporosis with Case	04:47
Osteomalacia with Case	02:55
Paget's Disease with Case	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Metabolic Bone Disorders“

Reproductive Endocrinology: Course Overview	00:39
Reproductive Case: 17-year-old Woman with Absence of Menarche	02:04
Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea	05:04
Reproductive Case: 34-year-old Woman with Hirsutism	01:51
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Clinical Presentation and Management	05:50
Female Infertility	04:34
Male Hypogonadism with Case	06:02
Male Infertility	02:17
Gynecomastia with Case	02:49
Reproductive Case: 6-day-old Girl with Vomiting and Poor Feeding	01:45
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Endocrine Disorders“

The Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells	05:48
The Neural Tube and Ventricular System	07:54
Development of Spinal Cord and Brainstem	07:22
Malformations in Cerebellar Development	02:41
Development of Cerebral Cortex	10:49
Development of Eye	08:28
Development of Ear	09:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurology—Embryology“

Organization of the Nervous System	08:19
Major Components of Nerve Tissue	02:49
Neuron	07:38
Major Types of Neurons	07:37
Synapses Are Junctions between Neurons	01:42
Spinal Cord	06:59
The Size of the Gray Matter Varies	03:29
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System	03:27
Arrangement and Locations of Motor and Sensory Neurons	07:15
Dorsal Root Ganglion	02:18
Functional Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System	03:34
Autonomic Ganglion	02:03
Enteric Ganglion	02:27
Structure of Peripheral Nerves and Brain	07:18
The Structure of a Peripheral Nerve	04:59
Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons	03:12
Neuroglial Cells	05:26
Brain	06:03
Meninges	04:55
The Eye: Overview	02:59
The Eye: General Structure	07:50
Iris	03:46
Ciliary Body and Processes	08:22
Lens	03:37
Choroid and the Retina	06:33
Optic Nerve	02:12
Eyelid	04:38
Ear: Overview	02:17
Ear: General Structure	03:01
Bony and Membranous Labyrinth	05:20
Ear: Receptor Cells	04:39
Vestibular System	07:56
Cochlear Duct	02:29
Organ of Corti	03:45
Conduction of Sound	02:47
Ear: Summary	02:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurology—Histology“

Introduction esp. Triangles of the Neck – Neck	05:43
Compartments and Cervical Fascia – Neck	07:19
Fascial Spaces and Surgical Access to Trachea – Neck	05:44
Thyroid Gland – Neck	09:29
Stellate Ganglion Block – Neck	03:52
Thoracic Outlet – Neck	03:46
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – Neck	04:59
Carotid Arterial System – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	05:33
Clinical Correlation: Superficial Temporal Arteritis and Carotid Artery Disease – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	03:42
Subclavian Artery – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	03:21
Clinical Correlation: Vertebral Artery Syndrome – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	01:51
Arterial Supply of the Brain: Circle of Willis – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	01:38
Cranial Fossae and Foramina (Superior View) – Cranium (Skull)	09:09
Cranial Fossae and Foramina (Inferior and Anterior View) – Cranium (Skull)	03:49
Le Fort Fractures – Cranium (Skull)	03:19
Types of Intracranial Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	01:36
Epidural Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	04:24
Subdural Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	04:17
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	03:41
Overview of the 7 Extraocular Muscles – Orbital Muscles and Innervation	05:05
Innervation of Extraocular Muscles – Orbital Muscles and Innervation	03:44
Functions of the Extraocular Muscles – Orbital Muscles and Innervation	04:25
Anatomy of the Teeth	14:04
Development of the Teeth	12:28
Classification of the Facial Muscles	01:26
Epicranial Group – Facial Muscles	03:04
Circumorbital and Palpebral Group – Facial Muscles	02:43
Nasal Group – Facial Muscles	03:37
Buccolabial Group – Facial Muscles	11:21
Muscles of Mastication – Facial Muscles	04:12
Blood Supply of the Facial Muscles	02:50
External Ear	08:22
Middle Ear	09:04
Internal Ear	07:50
Clinical Pearls – Ear	02:40
External Nose, Cartilaginous Structures, and Nasal Cavities	06:55
Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity	04:29
Paranasal Sinuses – Nasal Cavity	03:08
Blood Supply, Drainage, and Innervation of the Nasal Cavity	05:52
Clinical Pearls – Nasal Cavity	01:47
Layers, Borders and Spaces of the Pharynx	06:03
Muscular Layers of the Pharynx	07:27
Divisions of the Pharynx: Naso-, Oro- and Laryngopharynx	07:13
Neurovasculature of the Pharynx	02:42
Waldeyer's Ring	01:02
Structure of the Bony Orbit	06:36
Orbital Connective Tissue and Fat	02:09
Neurovasculature of the Orbit	06:35
Extraocular Muscles	05:12
Eyelids	04:42
Lacrimal Apparatus	02:39
Introduction to the Skull	02:38
Frontal Bone	04:54
Parietal Bone	03:44
Ethmoid Bone	05:54
Lacrimal Bone, Nasal Bone and Vomer	02:46
Zygomatic Bone	03:23
Maxilla Bone	06:01
Palatine Bone	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Head and Neck Anatomy with Dr. Canby“

Nerves and Neurotransmission	05:06
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP) and Binding	05:03
Action Potential: Propagation and Myelin	06:06
Glial Cells and Astrocyte Assisted Activities	04:37
Vision: Structure and Function of the Eye	03:52
Vision: Lens, Pupil and Humors	07:11
Vision: Photoreception	04:36
Vision: Signal Termination and Convergence	08:05
Hearing: Hearing Structure and Function	08:43
Hearing: Hair Cells and Semicircular Channels	05:35
Balance: Vestibular Structure and Function	04:12
Balance: Otolith Organs	04:02
Taste-Receptors: Types, Structure, Function & Taste Transduction	07:15
Smell: Transduction and Integration	03:34
Muscle Nerve Fiber Properties	07:42
Renshaw Cells and Muscle Reflexes	03:32
Cutaneous Sensory Afferents	01:57
Mechanoreceptors: En- & Unencapsulated	07:59
Free Nerve Ending (FNE)	05:57
Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	09:03
Hypothalamus and Brainstem	04:03
Circumventricular Organs (CVO's) and Cerebral Spinal Fluid	06:39
Effectors of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	06:22
Autonomic Nervous System: GI Tract and Other Tissues	06:22
Autonomic Nervous System: Skin Appendages and Other Tissues	04:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurophysiology“

Stroke: Introduction	02:40
Ischemic Stroke	03:28
Ischemic Stroke: Characteristics	03:50
Embolism	09:45
Ischemic Stroke Syndromes	03:55
Acute Stroke: Evaluation and Workup	06:53
Ischemic Stroke: Treatment	11:18
Hemorrhagic Stroke	08:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)“

Cerebral Aneurysm: Introduction	06:39
Cerebral Aneurysm: Diagnostic Workup	03:06
Cerebral Aneurysm: Treatment	04:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Cerebral Aneurysm (Intracranial Aneurysm)“

Increased Intracranial Pressure: Introduction	05:24
Brain Herniation	04:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)“

Trauma: Introduction	10:48
Trauma: Epidural and Subdural Hematoma	05:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma“

Spinal Cord Pathology: Introduction	06:34
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Spinal Cord Pathology“

Headache: Introduction	03:36
Acute Headache: Meningitis and Temporal Arteritis	06:55
Acute Headache: Hypertensive Urgency and Cluster Headache (Horton's Syndrome)	05:29
Acute Headaches: Venous Sinus Thrombosis	03:12
Sub-Acute Headache, Chronic Headache and Migraine	06:09
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension	04:29
Brain Tumor and Tension Headaches	04:21
Other Types of Headache	03:19
Indications of Brain Imaging in Headache	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Headache – Pathophysiology“

Seizures: Introduction	02:32
Seizures: Types	05:33
Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures	04:16
Evaluation of the First Non-Febrile Seizure and Childhood Epilepsy	02:40
Epilepsy Syndromes	04:09
Adult Epilepsy	01:49
Antiepileptic Drugs	10:51
Special Considerations, Status Epilepticus, and Summary	04:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Seizures“

CNS Infections: Introduction	02:13
Acute Meningitis	10:23
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Age	03:07
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Head Trauma	03:57
Acute Viral Meningitis	03:17
Tuberculous Meningitis	05:39
Chemical Meningitis, Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis, Neurosyphilis, Lyme Disease	10:21
Fungal and Cryptococcus	04:36
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, Neurocysticercosis and Parasitic Meningoencephalitis	08:39
Brain Abscess	02:21
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: HSV-1 and HSV-2	09:04
HIV-associated Meningoencephalitis	04:33
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (Prion Disease) and Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infections - Clinical Neurology“

Multiple Sclerosis: Introduction	03:29
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Pathology, Location of Lesions	05:57
Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	04:32
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Transverse Myelitis and Central Pontine Myelinolysis	05:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Multiple Sclerosis“

Dementia: Introduction	06:44
Alzheimer's Disease	07:36
Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology and Treatment	10:55
Other Causes of Dementia	12:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Dementia“

Radial Nerve Injury	05:48
Median Nerve Injury	03:19
Ulnar Nerve Injury	03:13
Femoral Nerve Injury	04:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Mononeuropathy“

Polyneuropathy: Introduction	06:11
Metabolic Neuropathies and Diabetic Neuropathy	04:57
Hereditary, Toxic and Infectious Neuropathy	04:17
Entrapment, Compressive and Peripheral Neuropathy	05:03
Neuromuscular Junction and Myasthenia Gravis	06:54
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and Botulinum Toxin	05:42
Myopathy Junction and Dystrophinopathies	05:35
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies and Channelopathies	06:05
Mitochondrial, Inflammatory, Endocrine and Drug Induced Myopathies	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Polyneuropathy“

Tumors of the CNS: Introduction	06:41
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Astrocytoma	05:48
Neuroepithelial Tumors	07:43
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Oligodendroglioma	07:59
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Medulloblastoma	04:00
Meningeal Tumors: Meningioma	05:51
Other Primary CNS Tumors	08:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of the CNS“

Movement Disorders: Introduction	08:45
Parkinson's Disease	06:39
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Degeneration and Multiple System Atrophy	05:25
Huntington's Disease (Huntington's Chorea)	04:10
Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Movement Disorders“

Altered Mental Status and Coma: Introduction	06:48
Coma and Brainstem Reflexes	04:12
Brain Death, Decorticate Posturing, Persistent Vegetative State and Locked-In Syndrome	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Altered Mental Status and Coma“

Vertigo: Introduction	02:17
Dix-Hallpike & Epley Maneuver Test	04:43
Syncope	02:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vertigo and Dizziness“

Sleep Stages	02:13
Sleep Disorders (Dyssomnias)	06:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Sleep“

Embryogenesis	03:33
Cerebral Palsy, Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder	03:19
Development Regression, Neurocutaneous Disorders and Tuberous Sclerosis	05:12
Neurofibromatosis, Hypotonia and Childhood Neurodegenerative Disorders	05:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Neuropathology“

Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain)	06:58
Neuromuscular Disease	08:58
Plexopathy	03:02
Mononeuropathy	02:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Diseases: Hydrocephalus, Neuromuscular Disease, Plexopathy, and Mononeuritis“

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Overview	05:39
Dual Innervation	03:31
Alpha- and Beta-Blockers	04:19
Sympathetic Blockers	04:20
Sympathomimetic Activators	05:07
Sympathomimetic Effects	12:09
Global Effect of Sympathomimetic Drugs on the Vascular System	04:46
Cholinomimetic Activators and Effects	09:01
Cholinergic Toxicity, Myasthenic Crisis and Cholinergic Crisis	03:11
Anticholinergic Drugs	06:29
Quiz zum Kurs „ANS - Pharmacology“

Overview of Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs – Sedative Hypnotics	08:02
Benzodiazepines – Sedative Hypnotics	04:59
Barbiturates – Sedative Hypnotics	02:03
Atypical Sedative Drugs	08:11
Questions – Sedative Hypnotics	02:44
Case Study – Sedative Hypnotics	02:43
Overview – Antidepressants	02:11
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Antidepressants	03:36
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) – Antidepressants	03:10
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs)	06:43
SNRIs, Serotonin Antagonists and SSRIs – Antidepressants	09:07
Review – Antidepressants	01:07
Antidepressants: Case Study	02:29
Overview – Antipsychotics	01:27
Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Dopamine – Antipsychotics	02:55
Bipolar Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	05:24
Psychotic Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	03:10
Clinical Uses of Antipsychotics and Drug Induced Dyskinesia	03:27
Questions – Antipsychotics	02:39
Dopamine and Disease – Medication of Movement Disorders	03:53
Dopamine Precursors and Agonists – Treatment of Movement Disorders	06:36
MAO and COMT Inhibitors – Treatment of Movement Disorders	02:55
Amantadine and Anticholinergics – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:17
Medications for Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorders	09:29
Overview – Antiseizure Medications	05:19
Treatment Strategies – Antiseizure Medications	09:45
Levetiracetam (Keppra) – Antiseizure Medications	01:25
Questions – Antiseizure Medications	03:36
Overview – Anesthetic Drugs	00:55
Inhaled Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:52
General Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:07
Intravenous Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	03:29
Case Study – Anesthetic Drugs	02:02
Overview – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	01:48
Neuromuscular Blockers – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	07:05
Acute and Chronic Muscle Spasms – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	05:04
Questions – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	06:12
Overview – Local Anesthetics	05:39
Esters and Amides – Local Anesthetics	05:28
Overview – Opioid Analgesics	02:38
Opioid Agonists – Opioid Analgesics	05:38
Mixed Agonists/Antagonists and Antagonists – Opioid Analgesics	04:26
Questions – Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics	05:52
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS - Pharmacology“

Introduction to Myopathy	04:46
Case: 54-year-old Woman with Weakness	03:00
Clinical Approach to Muscle Disorders	03:04
Myopathy and Myositis: Diagnosis	02:04
Evaluation of Muscle Diseases	02:39
Introduction to Inflammatory Myopathies with Case	04:20
Inflammatory Myopathies: Types	02:18
Creatine Kinase Evaluation	04:20
Polymyositis	05:01
Dermatomyositis	05:01
Inclusion Body Myositis	06:51
Necrotizing Autoimmune Myositis	05:20
Overlap Myopathies	03:30
Antibody Assessments – Inflammatory Myopathies	01:54
Management of Inflammatory Myopathies	02:37
Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) – Inflammatory Myalgia	02:07
Introduction to Infectious Myopathies with Case	05:59
HIV-associated Myositis – Infectious Myopathies	03:32
Pathogen Myositis with Trichinella – Infectious Myopathies	05:58
Toxic Myopathies with Case	05:14
Hypothyroid and Hyperthyroid Myopathy	03:19
Statin Myopathy	08:49
Corticosteroid Myopathy	03:46
Critical Illness Myopathy and Other Causes for Myopathy	03:08
Rhabdomyolysis	01:48
Other Metabolic Muscle Diseases	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Acquired Neuromuscular Diseases“

Inherited Muscle Disorders: Evaluation	01:49
Inherited Myopathies: Types	01:21
Muscular Dystrophies	06:24
Introduction to Proximal Predominant Muscular Dystrophies	00:46
Case: 6-year-old Boy with Weakness	03:15
X-linked Dystrophinopathies and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	07:48
Becker Muscular Dystrophy and Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD)	06:45
Distal Predominant Muscular Dystrophies	05:53
Other Muscular Dystrophies	03:36
Case: 5-month-old Girl with Weakness	03:06
Evaluation of the Hypotonic Infant	03:17
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy and Congenital Myopathy	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders“

General Approach to Neuromuscular Junction Disorders	04:18
Case: 32-year-old Woman with Weakness	03:15
Physiology of the Neuromuscular Junction	02:33
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders: Clinical Features and Pathophysiology	03:01
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders: Summary	01:41
Case: 32-year-old Woman with Weakness and Sustained Upgaze	04:07
Myasthenia Gravis: Introduction and Clinical Features	04:00
Myasthenia Gravis: Clinical and Serological Tests – Diagnosis	07:44
Myasthenia Gravis: Repetitive Stimulation – Diagnosis	06:43
Myasthenia Gravis: Antibody Testing – Diagnosis	03:20
Myasthenia Gravis: Treatment	07:13
Case: 72-year-old Woman with Weakness	05:16
Botulinum Toxin Toxicity: Overview	02:32
Botulinum Toxin Toxicity: Pathophysiology and Treatment	02:37
Case: 42-year-old Man with Weakness	03:39
Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS): Overview	02:42
Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS): Workup and Testing	04:00
Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS): Pathophysiology and Treatment	04:02
Organophosphate Poisoning	04:04
Transient Neonatal Myasthenia	01:10
Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS)	01:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junctions“

Case: 21-year-old Triathlete with Progressive Weakness	03:34
Peripheral Neuropathy: Anatomical and Functional Classification	07:59
Peripheral Neuropathy: Parts of Nerves Involved	05:33
Peripheral Neuropathy: Approach According to Its Location	08:56
Peripheral Neuropathy: Diagnostic Testing	17:00
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Neuropathy Disorders“

Case: 45-year-old Man with Hands Numbness	02:42
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment	05:27
Case: 45-year-old with Diabetes Mellitus	03:14
AIDP: Rapidly Progressive Ascending Paralysis	06:39
AIDP: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis	03:46
AIDP: Treatment and Variants	04:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP)“

Case: 55-year-old Man Presents with Progressive Weakness of the Legs	03:17
CIDP: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatments	03:24
CIDP: Variants	06:08
Inherited Polyneuropathy	04:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)“

Case: 35-year-old with Difficulty Walking	02:39
Infectious Polyneuropathy	03:48
Paraneoplastic, Neoplastic, and Paraproteinemic Polyneuropathy	06:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Non-inflammatory Neuropathies“

Case: 59-year-old with a History of Diabetes Mellitus	02:42
Toxic and Metabolic Polyneuropathies	02:34
Diabetic and Alcohol-induced Polyneuropathies	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Toxic and Metabolic Polyneuropathies“

Case: 45-year-old Man with Bilateral Lower Extremity Weakness and Numbness	05:51
Introduction to Spinal Cord	06:52
Myelopathy	02:48
Case: 53-year-old Woman with Progressive Weakness and Balance Difficulty	03:21
How to Approach Spinal Cord Pathology (Macro)	04:05
How to Approach Spinal Cord Pathology (Micro)	05:40
Continuation of Case: 53-year-old Woman with Progressive Weakness and Balance Difficulty	05:45
Case: 58-year-old Woman with Weakness and Neck Pain	03:00
Intradural Extramedullary Myelopathy	04:14
Case: 50-year-old Woman with Lower Extremity Weakness	06:42
Intradural Intramedullary Myelopathy	02:58
Case: 53-year-old Man with Numbness in Lower Extremities	03:48
Myelopathy – Vascular Disorders with Case	07:02
Case: 22-year-old Woman with Back Pain and Autonomic Symptoms	04:31
Myelopathy – Conus Medullaris vs. Cauda Equina	04:36
Case: 45-year-old Man with Lower Extremity Weakness	03:30
Toxic and Metabolic Causes of Myelopathy	04:51
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Myelopathy	06:47
Case: 57-year-old Woman with Leg and Back Pain	03:13
Radiculopathy	06:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Spinal Cord​“

Case: 56-year-old Woman with Left Extremity Weakness	09:43
Introduction to Motor Neurons and Motor/Sensory Pathways	06:41
Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Diseases: Clinical Manifestations	06:56
Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Etiology	04:44
Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Diseases: Diagnosis and Management	08:24
Case: 53-year-old Man with Generalized Weakness	03:25
Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Diseases: Differential Diagnosis	06:47
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Other Motor Neuron Diseases	14:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Motor Neurons“

Introduction to Neuroinflammatory Disorders	07:21
Neuroinflammatory Disorders: Classification	06:09
Overview of CNS Inflammatory Diseases	06:47
Case: 51-year-old with Left Hand Numbness	04:28
Clinically Isolated Syndrome: Clinical Manifestations and Classification	12:30
Clinically Isolated Syndrome: Diagnostics and Treatment	09:22
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)	03:36
Case: 21-year-old Woman with Blurry Vision	04:05
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	04:04
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Diagnosis and Evolution of Disease	06:00
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Management	05:25
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)	09:31
MOG Ab Disorder	08:07
MS, NMO, MOG Disorder	05:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS​“

Stroke: Introduction and Types	04:35
Overview of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke	07:18
Stroke: Pathophysiology	11:09
Case: 45-year-old Man Presenting with a Stroke – Diagnosis	06:16
Clinical Assessment of Stroke	06:41
Clinical Question: Anterior or Posterior Circulation Stroke?	01:54
Clinical Question: Cortical, Subcortical or Brainstem Localization?	12:04
Stroke: Localization	11:23
Case: 45-year-old Man Presenting with a Stroke – Management	04:31
Acute Ischemic Stroke: Management and Evaluation	02:00
Clinical Question: Acute or Mimic Stroke?	06:49
Clinical Question: tPA or Endovascular Therapy?	04:02
NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)	03:33
Acute Ischemic Stroke: Major Treatment Types	10:53
Case: 45-year-old Man Presenting with a Stroke	07:26
Stroke: Evaluating Stroke Extension	02:21
Stroke: Work-up and Etiology	04:11
Stroke: Complications	02:52
Management of the Case: 45-year-old Man Presenting with a Stroke	05:18
Stroke: Pharmacological Prevention	08:46
Case: 35-year-old Presenting with Hemiplegia	02:56
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Types and Epidural Hematoma	05:09
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Subdural Hematoma and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	05:50
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Intraparenchymal, Intraventricular, Hypertensive, and Transformation Hemorrhage	05:49
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Evaluation	03:08
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Management	07:47
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Amyloid Angiopathy, Vascular Lesions, and Neoplasms	03:16
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Evaluation and Summary	06:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Stroke and Intracranial Hemorrhage“

Seizures, Epilepsy, and Spells: Introduction and Differentiation	08:45
Seizures: Types and Classification	08:37
Seizures: Mechanisms	07:36
Seizures: Semiology	06:06
Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Syndromes	04:02
Seizures: Evaluation and Functionality of the EEG	08:48
Seizures: Treatment	05:54
Diagnosis and Evaluation of a Spell with Case	07:04
Review of Seizure Systems	01:49
Differentiating Seizure from Syncope and from Psychogenic Nonepileptic Spells (PNES)	06:32
Evaluation of Seizure-like Episodes	02:41
Case: 45-year-old Man with a Seizure-like Episode	03:40
Seizure: Classification and Focal vs. Generalized Onset	05:04
First-time Seizure: Evaluation, History, and Examination	06:56
Second Seizure: History and Forms of Screening	10:45
Second Seizure: Summary and Precautions	04:55
Case: 57-year-old Man with a History of Epilepsy	03:13
Status Epilepticus: Evaluation, Prognosis, and Classification	10:31
Status Epilepticus: Emergency Treatment, Initial Investigation and Long-term Treatment	05:51
Status Epilepticus: Stages and Pathophysiology	08:06
Status Epilepticus: Treatment and Types	10:07
Case: 13-year-old Boy on Referral from His PCP	03:59
Epilepsy Syndrome: Introduction and Classification	04:04
Idiopathic Generalized Onset and Idiopathic Focal Onset Epilepsies	10:29
Symptomatic Epilepsies	10:37
Case: 57-year-old Woman with Seizure-like Episodes	05:57
Partial Onset Epilepsy: Treatment	04:02
Medication for Focal Onset and Primary Generalized Epilepsy – Seizure Treatment	04:33
Common Seizure Medications – Seizure Treatment	08:23
Top 10 Seizure Treatment Tips with Cases	07:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Seizures and Epilepsy“

Case: 68-year-old Man with Progressive Altered Mental Status	03:24
Head Trauma: Introduction and Diffuse Axonal Injury	08:18
Head Trauma: Clinical Manifestations and Glasgow Coma Scale	05:08
Head Trauma: Diagnosis and Management	04:20
Traumatic Brain Injury: Introduction	03:20
Traumatic Brain Injury: Diagnosis	04:33
Mild and Sport-related Traumatic Brain Injury	07:14
Traumatic Brain Injury: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy	01:48
Traumatic Brain Injury: Management	03:47
Case: 6-year-old Girl Hits Her Head	02:33
Epidural Hematoma: Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis	06:09
Epidural Hematoma: Management	04:07
Case: 68-year-old Man with Progressive Altered Mental Status and Gaze	03:15
Subdural Hematoma: Etiology and Clinical Presentation	06:33
Subdural Hematoma: Diagnosis and Management	04:03
Case: 43-year-old Woman with Altered Mental Status	02:08
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis	06:17
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Management	02:50
Case: 23-year-old Woman Involved in a Motor Vehicle Accident	01:31
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage	04:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Head Trauma“

Introduction to CNS Infections	01:57
Anatomy of the Dura	03:33
Approach to CNS Infections: CSF Analysis	05:43
Microbes that Cause CNS Infections	04:13
Case: 76-year-old Woman with Headache	03:41
Bacterial Meningitis: Introduction and Symptoms	05:41
Bacterial Meningitis: Examination	03:51
Bacterial Meningitis: Diagnosis	06:58
Case: 76-year-old Woman with Headache – Follow Up	02:24
Bacterial Meningitis: Treatment	02:49
Viral and Non-bacterial Meningitis	02:25
Case: 61-year-old Man with Headache	04:29
Encephalitis: Introduction and Symptoms	03:32
Encephalitis: Examination	03:07
Other Viral Encephalitis	02:11
Encephalitis: Treatment	00:57
Case: 56-year-old Man with Headache	02:55
Cerebritis and Brain Abscess	06:39
Case: 58-year-old Woman with Headache	04:51
Cryptococcal Meningitis	02:12
Toxoplasmic Meningitis	03:06
Neurocysticercosis: Introduction	02:03
Neurocysticercosis: Life Cycle, Presentation, and Disease Stages	05:39
Neurocysticercosis: Treatment	03:09
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infections​“

Parkinsonism: Introduction and Basal Ganglia Circuitry	07:07
Parkinsonism: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	07:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Parkinson Disease“

Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: Etiology, Epidemiology	02:45
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis	12:17
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: Treatment	06:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Idiopathic Parkinson Disease“

Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Introduction	07:28
Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Multiple System Atrophy	06:35
Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Corticobasal (Ganglionic) Degeneration	05:22
Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy	05:16
Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Dementia with Lewy Bodies	03:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Parkinson-Plus Syndromes“

Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders: Tremors	09:16
Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders: Ballismus	03:21
Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders: Chorea and Huntington’s Disease	05:05
Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders: Other	04:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders“

Case: 65-year-old Man with Cognitive Dysfunction	03:31
Dementia vs. Mild Cognitive Impairment	08:31
Mild Cognitive Impairment	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Dementing Diseases“

Case: 74-year-old with Cognitive Dysfunction	02:44
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Alzheimer Dementia	03:50
Pathophysiology of Alzheimer Dementia	05:44
Natural History and Progression of Alzheimer Dementia	04:12
Alzheimer Dementia: Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis	07:49
Alzheimer Dementia: Treatment	03:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Alzheimer Dementia“

Other Dementia: Classification	01:21
Other Dementia: Frontotemporal Lobar Dementia	06:17
Other Dementia: Lewy Body Dementia	04:43
Other Dementia: Vascular Dementia	03:02
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus	05:30
Differentiating Dementia	01:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Dementias“

Brain Tumors: Introduction, Classification, and Diagnostic Evaluation	08:09
Case: 32-year-old-Woman with Bradyphrenia	03:53
Metastatic Brain Tumors: Introduction	03:47
Metastatic Brain Tumors: Surgery – Treatment	02:26
Metastatic Brain Tumors: Radiosurgery – Treatment	05:19
Metastatic Brain Tumors: Chemotherapy – Treatment	01:48
Case: 40-year-old Woman with Headache	02:59
Meningioma: Introduction	02:29
Meningioma: Clinical Presentation and Evaluation	07:42
Meningioma: Treatment	05:24
Case: 67-year-old Woman with Headaches	04:51
Pituitary Tumors: Introduction	01:23
Pituitary Tumors: Clinical Presentation	03:34
Pituitary Tumors: Evaluation and Imaging	04:57
Pituitary Tumors: Treatment	05:18
Case: 49-year-old Man with Headache	05:42
Glioma: Introduction and Clinical Presentation	04:18
Glioma: Grading with MRI and Contrast Enhancement	03:03
Glioma: Grading with Tissue Sample	07:07
Glioma: Genetic Risk Assessment	04:20
Glioma: Treatment	08:48
Case: 21-year-old Man with Pain	05:17
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Introduction	01:50
Knudson’s Two-Hit Hypothesis of Tumor Formation	05:53
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Diagnosing Criteria	03:53
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Clinical Presentation	10:25
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Treatment	01:40
Case: 42-year-old Woman with Loss of Hearing	03:45
Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Introduction	03:47
Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Diagnosing Criteria	02:57
Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Clinical Presentation	06:12
Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Treatment	01:40
Case: 2.5-month-old Infant with Spasms	03:13
Tuberous Sclerosis: Introduction	03:06
Tuberous Sclerosis: Diagnosing Criteria	02:25
Tuberous Sclerosis: Clinical Presentation	04:15
Tuberous Sclerosis: Treatment	02:36
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Tumors“

Introduction to Sleep	02:52
Circadian Rhythm	02:06
Stages of Sleep	06:32
Case: 45-year-old with Difficulty Sleeping	02:40
Insomnia: Classification and Pathophysiology	05:43
Insomnia: Diagnosis	04:49
Insomnia: Management	04:53
Case: 54-year-old with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness	02:01
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-wake Disorders and Delayed Sleep-wake Phase Disorder	03:10
Sleep-wake Phase Disorder: Advance, Irregular, and Non-24-hour	03:14
Sleep-wake Phase Disorder: Shift Work Disorder and Jet Lag	01:43
Sleep-wake Phase Disorder: Management	03:50
Case: 39-year-old Acting Out Dreams	02:17
Introduction to Parasomnias	05:29
NREM-related Parasomnias	05:34
REM-related Parasomnias and Management of Parasomnias	05:28
Case: 12-year-old with Hallucinations	02:06
Introduction to Narcolepsy	04:26
Narcolepsy: Epidemiology and Clinical Features	02:42
Narcolepsy: Diagnosis	04:15
Narcolepsy: Management	03:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Sleep Disorders​“

Case: 34-year-old Woman with Severe Dizziness	03:44
Dizziness: Signs and Symptoms	04:57
Introduction to Nonspecific Dizziness	01:30
Dysequilibrium and Cerebellar Diseases	09:30
Case: 67-year-old Woman with Gait Dysfunction	05:44
Cerebellum: Lobes – Anatomy Review	03:13
Case: 14-year-old Girl with Dizziness	05:40
Cerebellum: Afferent and Efferent Pathways – Anatomy Review	05:36
Case: 53-year-old Man with Ataxia	05:02
Cerebellum: Nuclei – Anatomy Review	03:02
Case: 68-year-old Man Presenting with Fainting Episodes	04:39
Syncope: Definition, Etiology, and Causes	05:30
Neurally Mediated Syncope: Definition, Pathophysiology, and Classification	10:03
Syncope: Evaluation, Treatment, and Management	03:35
Case: 34-year-old with Dizziness	05:22
Review of the Vestibular System and Evaluation of Vertigo	04:15
Vertigo: Types	07:19
Acute Vestibular Syndrome: Causes and Differentiation	04:49
Exam Techniques: Head Impulse Test (HIT), Nystagmus, and Test of Skew	08:31
HINTS of INFARCT	01:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Vertigo, Dizziness, and Disorders of Balance“

Introduction to Headaches: Groups and 3-Step-Evaluation System	04:18
Step 1: Primary and Secondary Headaches and Types of Headaches	09:32
Step 2: Options for Diagnostic Testing and Clues to Severe Disease	05:32
Step 3: Treatment of Headaches	03:34
Case: 45-year-old Woman with Headache	03:27
Thunderclap Headache: Overview, Evaluation, and Management	12:04
Case: 67-year-old Woman with History of Migraines	03:02
Headache with Visual Disturbances	16:13
Case: 68-year-old Man with Squamous Cell Carcinoma	03:21
Neuralgiform Headaches	08:28
Case: 57-year-old Woman with Headache when Sitting Up	04:25
Low-pressure Headache	12:47
Case: 38-year-old Obese Woman with Headache	04:17
High-pressure Headache	11:00
Case: 30-year-old Woman with Episodic Headache	02:29
Chronic, Recurrent, and Episodic Headaches	08:27
Migraine: Aura, Triggers, Evaluation, and Treatment	09:14
Migraine: Prophylaxis and Medications	06:03
Case: 25-year-old Man with Cluster of Headaches	03:05
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs)	04:40
Cluster Headaches	04:54
Paroxysmal Hemicrania	04:21
SUNCT and SUNA	04:26
Hemicrania Continua	04:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Headache“

Neuropathic Pain: Esthesia, Algesia, Pathia, and Dynia	07:19
Neuropathic Pain: Understanding Reflex Arcs	03:33
Neuropathic Pain: Clues to Locate the Lesion (CNS or PNS)	02:50
Neuropathic Pain: Locating a Lesion in the PNS	02:51
Case: 53-year-old Man with Intense Hip Pain	06:38
Case: 31-year-old Woman with Pruritic Vesicles	05:52
Diabetic Polyneuropathy	02:19
Chemotherapy-induced Polyneuropathy	03:01
Case: 43-year-old Woman with Sharp Pain on the Right Side of Her Face	05:25
Neuropathic Pain: Thalamic Pain Syndrome	01:52
Neuropathic Pain: Treatment	04:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Neuropathic Pain Syndromes​“

Altered Mental Status (AMS – Emergency Medicine)	04:58
Altered Mental Status (AMS): Common Causes	02:43
Altered Mental Status (AMS): First steps	04:25
Altered Mental Status (AMS): History	09:37
Altered Mental Status (AMS): Management	02:50
Headache (Emergency Medicine)	08:38
Migraine: Presentation & Diagnosis	02:59
Migraine: Management	02:23
Cluster Headache (Emergency Medicine)	02:21
Secondary Headache (Emergency Medicine)	04:04
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS – Emergency Medicine)	07:33
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS): Signs & Symptoms	02:39
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS): Examination	05:06
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS): Diagnosis	04:59
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS): Management	06:09
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH – Emergency Medicine)	04:43
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH): Examination & Diagnosis	03:43
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH): Management	05:07
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH – Emergency Medicine)	03:56
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): Diagnosis	04:34
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): Management	02:14
Seizures (Emergency Medicine)	05:21
Seizures: Pathophysiology	06:07
Seizure: Examination	03:48
Seizure: Diagnosis	06:15
Seizure: Management	07:20
Meningitis and Encephalitis (Emergency Medicine)	07:57
Meningitis and Encephalitis: Examination	03:21
Meningitis and Encephalitis: Diagnosis	07:52
Meningitis and Encephalitis: Management & Prophylaxis	04:20
Suicidal Patients (Emergency Medicine)	03:45
Methods of Suicide	03:46
Suicidal Patients: Diagnosis	02:32
Suicidal Patients: Management	02:38
Suicidal Patients: Documentation and Disposition	03:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurologic and Psychiatric Emergencies“

Seizures in Children: Introduction	09:10
Status Epilepticus: Management	03:31
Generalized Seizure in Children	07:25
Febrile Seizure	06:24
Ataxia in Children	05:54
Migraines and Headaches in Children	05:40
Secondary Headache in Children	07:06
Guillan-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)	08:13
Muscular Dystrophy in Children	07:59
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) in Children	03:56
Infant Botulism	05:26
Myasthenia Gravis in Children	03:14
Cerebral Palsy (CP)	04:51
Intellectual Disability in Children	02:57
Tics and Tourettes in Children	05:34
Tuberous Sclerosis in Children	04:27
Neurofibromatosis (NF) and Sturge Weber Syndrome	06:04
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Hydrocephalus & Dandy-Walker Variant (DWV)	10:13
Arnold-Chiari Malformations and Craniosynostosis	07:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Neurology“

GI Bleed with Case	02:00
Approach to Patients with GI Bleed	08:37
GI Bleed: Initial Management and Diagnostic Studies	05:44
Definitions: Types of Diarrhea	01:08
GI Case: 35-year-old Woman Complaining of 5 Days of Diarrhea	05:34
GI Case: 21-year-old Man with 6 Months of Diarrhea	08:52
GI Case: 33-year-old Man with a 10-week History of Diarrhea	07:02
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with Case	02:37
Microscopic Colitis with Case	02:15
Constipation: Definition and Types	02:26
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) with Case	03:33
Paralytic Ileus with Case	05:04
Dyspepsia with Case	04:08
Gastroparesis with Case	04:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Approach to Patients with GI Symptoms“

Dysphagia and Odynophagia	02:24
Esophagitis with Case	05:07
Esophageal Diverticula with Case	02:04
Achalasia with Case	03:09
Diffuse Esophageal Spasm with Case	02:25
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) with Case	02:35
Hiatal Hernia with Case	03:10
Barrett Esophagus with Case	02:42
Esophageal Cancer with Case	02:38
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) with Case	06:20
Gastritis with Case	03:44
Gastric Cancer with Case	04:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Esophagus and the Stomach“

Duodenal Ulcer with Case	06:45
Upper GI Bleed with Case	05:40
Short Bowel Syndrome with Case	03:51
Diverticulitis with Case	08:19
Clostridioides Difficile Infection with Case	04:57
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia with Case	06:04
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia with Case	03:09
Colonic Ischemia with Case	03:53
Colorectal Cancer Screening with Case	06:03
Colonic Polyps with Case	04:49
Colorectal Cancer Staging with Case	06:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Small and Large Intestines“

Hepatitis B Infection with Case	12:04
Hepatitis C Infection with Case	03:47
Alcohol-induced Liver Disease with Case	03:04
Autoimmune Hepatitis with Case	03:13
Acute Liver Failure with Case	05:16
Metabolic Liver Disease with Case	04:50
Wilson's Disease with Case	03:57
Hereditary Hemochromatosis with Case	04:40
Cirrhosis with Case	07:52
Decompensated Cirrhosis with Case	04:54
Hepatic Encephalopathy with Case	03:31
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) with Case	05:27
Hepatorenal Syndrome with Case	04:29
End-stage Liver Disease with Case	03:44
Cholelithiasis vs. Choledocholithiasis with Case	05:00
Acute Cholecystitis with Case	06:24
Choledocholithiasis vs. Ascending Cholangitis with Case	05:29
Biliary Disorders: Review	02:02
Primary Biliary Cholangitis with Case	04:02
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis with Case	04:26
Approach to Patients with Jaundice with Case	08:53
Gilbert Syndrome with Case	02:01
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) with Case	07:42
Cholangiocarcinoma with Case	05:04
Other Hepatobiliary Malignancies	02:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Hepatobiliary Tract“

Acute Pancreatitis with Case	10:50
Chronic Pancreatitis with Case	04:45
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Case	06:44
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pancreas“

Acute Abdomen with Case	06:36
Common Peritoneal Disorders	01:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Peritoneum“

Liver Disease: Introduction and Commonly Used Liver Test	07:40
Hepatitis A	02:44
Hepatitis B	07:05
Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection (HBV) and Interpretation of HBV Serology	06:13
Management of Hepatitis B	01:54
Hepatitis C	08:35
Hepatitis D & E	02:24
Viral Hepatitis: Overview	02:09
Other Types of Viral Hepatitis	03:11
Autoimmune Diseases	03:41
Autoimmune Hepatitis	01:53
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis	03:55
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis	06:35
Hereditary Liver Diseases	01:00
Hereditary Hemochromatosis	04:41
Wilson's Disease	05:46
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Diagnosis	04:44
Alcoholic Liver Disease	03:33
Alcoholic Hepatitis	06:30
Alcoholic Cirrhosis	02:34
Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)	04:41
Drug-Induced Liver Disease & Acetaminophen Toxicity	03:48
Fulminant Liver Failure	06:49
Liver Diseases of Pregnancy	07:19
Types of Hepatobiliary Tumors	01:58
Malignant Liver Tumors	02:06
Benign Liver Tumors	01:06
Space-Occupying Lesions (SOLs)	01:56
End-Stage Liver Disease	15:02
Portal Hypertension	04:36
Variceal Hemorrhage	03:18
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis	02:36
Hepatorenal Syndrome	02:07
Hepatic Encephalopathy	01:58
Liver Transplantation	01:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Liver Diseases: Basic Principles with Carlo Raj“

Anemia and Iron Deficiency – Red Cell Disorders	10:27
Thalassemia – Red Cell Disorders	04:38
Types of Anemia – Red Cell Disorders	19:04
Polycythemia – Red Cell Disorders	04:28
Types – Leukemia	05:25
Acute Leukemia – Leukemia	25:23
Chronic Leukemia – Leukemia	10:50
Hodgkin Lymphoma – Lymphoma	11:35
Non-hodgkin Lymphomas – Lymphoma	03:56
Other Types – Lymphoma	09:16
Myelodysplasia – Hematopoietic Malignancies and Aplastic Anemia	08:32
Myeloproliferative Disease – Non-malignant conditions and Multiple Myeloma	16:21
Aplastic Anemia – Hematopoietic Malignancies and Aplastic Anemia	05:35
Hemostasis – Bleeding Disorders	15:25
Other Forms – Bleeding Disorders	15:05
Thrombosis – Thrombosis and Anti-Thrombotic Therapy	10:27
Anticoagulant Drugs – Thrombosis and Anti-Thrombotic Therapy	12:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Hematologic Disorders“

Neoplasia, Dysplasia, Tumor and Cancer: Differentiating Definitions– Neoplasia	04:55
Types of Tumors: Tissue, Benign and Malignant – Neoplasia	03:48
Benign Neoplasm and Teratoma – Neoplasia	06:39
Malignant Neoplasms – Neoplasia	03:29
Bronchogenic Carcinoma, Osteogenic Sarcoma & Grading– Neoplasia	05:54
Diagnosis of Cancer – Neoplasia	05:38
Malignant Neoplasm: Invasion and Metastasis – Neoplasia	05:18
Metastasis and Bone Metastasis – Neoplasia	07:41
Epidemiology of Cancer – Neoplasia	04:37
Introduction to Carcinogenesis – Carcinogenesis	04:49
Carcinogenic Chemicals – Carcinogenesis	07:45
Ultraviolet Radiation: Excision Repair & Carcinogen – Carcinogenesis	05:07
Ionizing Radiation – Carcinogenesis	04:53
DNA Virus – Carcinogenesis	07:18
DNA Repair Defects & Neoplastic Molecular Markers – Carcinogenesis	11:51
Four Classes of Normal Regulatory Genes & Signal Transduction – Carcinogenesis	06:58
Proto-Oncogenes & Mechanisms of Oncogene Activation – Carcinogenesis	04:48
Oncogenes – Carcinogenesis	06:06
Cell Cycle: Cyclin D – Carcinogenesis	13:29
RAS Protein & Signal Transduction – Carcinogenesis	07:09
Tumor Suppressor Genes: Definition and Inactivation – Carcinogenesis	07:08
Paraneoplastic Syndromes – Carcinogenesis	05:26
Retinoblastoma – Carcinogenesis	09:07
Tumor Suppressor Genes: VHL, WT, NF, BRCA, DCC – Carcinogenesis	06:30
Regulation of Apoptosis and Clonality– Carcinogenesis	02:55
Tumor Progression: Adenoma Carcinoma Sequence – Carcinogenesis	05:46
Paraneoplastic Endocrinopathies – Carcinogenesis	06:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Principles of Neoplasia and Carcinogenesis“

Lymphadenopathy: Introduction – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:02
Lymphadenopathy: Lymphoid Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:31
Lymphadenopathy: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:13
Lymphadenopathy: Follicular Lymphoma and Lymphoid Hyperplasia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:57
Lymphadenopathy: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:48
Lymphadenopathy: Burkitt Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:50
Lymphadenopathy: Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin's Disease) – White Blood Cell Pathology	09:18
Lymphadenopathy: Reed-Sternberg Cells – White Blood Cell Pathology	08:03
Lymphadenopathy: Plasma Cell Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:52
Lymphadenopathy: Multiple Myeloma (Introduction)	03:03
Lymphadenopathy: Serum Protein Electrophoresis – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:16
Lymphadenopathy: Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:13
Lymphadenopathy: Plasmacytoma, MGUS and Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	07:58
Lymphadenopathy: Splenomegaly – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:12
Lymphadenopathy: Thymus Disorders – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:30
Lymphadenopathy: Thymoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Lymphadenopathy – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Leukemia: Acute Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:03
Leukemia: Hematopoiesis – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:49
Leukemia: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:22
Leukemia: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:37
Leukemia: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:17
Leukemia: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:30
Leukemia: Polycythemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	12:55
Leukemia: Types of Leukemia incl. Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) and Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:38
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: MTX, 5-FU, 6-MP, 6TG & Ara-C – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:11
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin etc. – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Lung Cancer: Definition	01:12
Small Lung Cancer	08:11
Adenocarcinoma	05:59
Squamous Cell Carcinoma	03:00
Large Cell Carcinoma	01:12
Bronchial Carcinoid	04:06
Mesothelioma	05:20
Lung Nodules and Cancer	03:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Lung Cancer “

Goiter and Thyroid Nodules	06:22
Thyroid Adenomas and Thyroid Carcinomas	07:06
Types of Thyroid Carcinoma	09:12
Pheochromocytoma – Adrenal Medulla	09:12
Hereditary Disorders: Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome, Sturge-Weber-Syndrome, Neuroblastoma, MEN2A & MEN2B – Andrenal Medulla	05:33
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	06:55
Gastrinoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	03:08
Glucagonoma (Alpha Cell Tumor) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	00:59
VIPoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	02:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplasms of the Endocrine System“

Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia & Extramammary Paget´s Disease	04:49
Vaginal Cancer	02:43
Endometrial Polyp	00:31
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:22
Endometrial Hyperplasia	04:16
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma	05:27
Tumors and Cysts in the Fallopian Tube	01:40
Benign Cysts	01:34
Ovarian Tumors	02:09
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Epithelial Tumors	07:40
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Endometrioid Tumors	00:53
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Germ Cell Tumors	02:35
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Mature Teratoma	03:42
Yolk Sac Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumor)	01:00
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Choriocarcinoma	01:24
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors & Granulosa-Theca Tumor	05:32
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Metastatic Ovarian Tumors	01:58
Breast Cancer: Mammographic Signs	02:23
Intraductal Papilloma	01:46
Morphology of Breast Carcinoma	02:33
Types of Non-Invasive Breast Cancer	02:05
Clinical Anatomy of Breast Cancer	03:06
Types of Invasive Breast Cancer	03:29
Breast Cancer: Epidemiology & Risk Factors	03:28
Breast Cancer Classification	08:45
Testicular Cancer	02:38
Types of Germ Cell Tumors (GCT)	06:42
Types of Non Germ Cell Tumors	02:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplasms of the Reproductive System“

Esophageal Cancer	06:16
Stomach Cancer	10:43
Gastric Lymphoma	02:38
Gastric Polyps	01:00
Carcinoid Syndrome	03:47
Colon Cancer: Diagnosis and Management	05:42
Colon Cancer: Risk Factors, Diagnosis & Treatment	07:59
Colon Polyps	02:38
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Gardner's Syndrome and Turcot Syndrome	03:43
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Juvenile Polyposis and HNPCC	02:29
Types of Hepatobiliary Tumors	01:58
Malignant Liver Tumors	02:06
Benign Liver Tumors	01:06
Pancreatic Pseudocyst	01:07
Pancreatic Cancer	07:08
Choledochal Cysts	01:35
Cholangiocarcinoma	02:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal System“

Tumors of the CNS: Introduction	06:41
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Astrocytoma	05:48
Neuroepithelial Tumors	07:43
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Oligodendroglioma	07:59
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Medulloblastoma	04:00
Meningeal Tumors: Meningioma	05:51
Other Primary CNS Tumors	08:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of the CNS“

Dermatofibroma (Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma)	01:40
Seborrheic Keratosis (Seborrheic Eczema) and Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis)	03:30
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC, Basal Cell Cancer)	04:23
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC, Squamous Cell Cancer)	05:10
Actinic Cheilitis	00:34
Mycosis Fungoides	03:55
Benign Nevus and Dysplastic Nevus	08:16
Malignant Melanoma	07:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplastic Skin Diseases“

Rheumatology: Introduction and Overview	05:41
Osteoarthritis (OA)	03:35
Osteoarthritis (OA): Pathogenesis	07:42
Crystalline Arthropathies: Gout / Pseudogout	07:03
Tophaceous Gout	08:48
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease	06:00
Septic Arthritis	10:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction and Non-Autoimmune Arthritis“

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies & Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)	11:03
Reactive vs. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)	11:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Seronegative Spondylarthropathies“

Approach to Rheum Labs: Anti-nuclear Antibody Speciation	10:25
Further Rheum Labs	03:59
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis	08:38
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Signs and Symptoms	10:50
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	06:17
Systemic Sclerosis: Limited vs. Diffuse	09:13
Sjögren Syndrome	06:22
Inflammatory Myopathies, Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis	06:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Connective Tissue Diseases“

Vasculitis: Introduction	06:05
Large Vessel Vasculitides: Takayasu	04:58
Medium Vessel Vasculitides: Polyarteritis Nodosa	07:18
ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	13:24
Non-ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	07:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis: Basic Principles with Carlo Raj“

Dystrophin-associated Protein Complex	09:45
Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy	11:36
Myotonic Dystrophy and Ion Channel Myopathy	09:18
The Neuromuscular Junction	05:29
Myasthenia Gravis: Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome	07:08
Introduction to Soft Tissue Pathology: Tumors in Lipid Tissue	07:14
Fibroblast, Muscle Tissue & Synovial Cell Sarcoma	10:12
Primary vs. Specific Amyloidosis	08:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Muscle and Soft Tissue: Pathology“

Quiz zum Kurs „Year 1 – Fundamentals – Semester 2: The Body: In Health and Disease“