Year 1 – Fundamentals

Introduction and Organization – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	03:38
Relative Size of Life – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	01:23
Cell Forms Comparison – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	02:24
Homeostasis – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	05:35
Importance of Chemistry for Biology – Chemistry	01:01
Atomic Structure – Chemistry	03:58
Chemical Behavior – Chemistry	06:06
Periodic Table for Biology – Chemistry	05:26
Covalent Bond – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	03:37
Ionic Bonds – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	02:50
Hydrogen Bonds – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	03:24
Ph Scale – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	02:13
Ph Homeostasis – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	04:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Cell Biology“

How Macromolecules Come Together	06:17
Hydrolysis Reactions	03:06
Glucose	03:54
Polysaccharides	03:20
Introduction to Proteins	00:55
Polypeptide Chain	02:08
Four Levels of Organization	07:45
Nucleic Acids	04:35
DNA and RNA	01:59
Hydrogen Bond Zipper and Atp	02:22
Lipids, Fats and Oils	06:46
Phospholipids	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „The Macromolecules of Life“

Cellular Structure: Introduction	03:44
Nucleus	03:27
Endomembrane System	03:31
Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus	02:37
Lysosomes	02:45
Mitochondria and Origins of Eukaryotic Cells	04:06
Membranes: Introduction	00:56
Fluid Mosaic Model	04:51
Role of Cell Membrane Proteins	03:33
How Proteins Anchor Themselves in the Membrane	03:04
Cytoskeleton	05:29
Transport and Network of Proteins	03:30
Extracellular Structures and Cell Movement	02:41
Cell Identity	03:09
Three Major Types	04:38
Passive Transport – Transport Across Cell Membranes	07:02
Osmosis – Transport Across Cell Membranes	07:32
Active Transport – Transport Across Cell Membranes	07:54
Bulk Transport – Transport Across Cell Membranes	04:52
Modes of Cell Communication: Introduction	03:07
Modes of Cell Communication: Overview	05:35
Phosphorylation – Modes of Cell Communication	03:20
Cell Surface Receptors – Modes of Cell Communication	04:34
Intracellular Receptors – Modes of Cell Communication	04:56
Second Messenger Systems: Overview	01:59
Second Messenger Systems: Definition	03:35
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathways – Second Messenger Systems	12:42
G-protein Coupled Receptors – Second Messenger Systems	07:50
Recap – Second Messenger Systems	02:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Structure“

Cell Cycle and Cell Division Control: Introduction	02:45
Cell Cycle Controls	09:12
Growth Factors	02:45
P53 Gene	02:55
Mutated Genes	05:29
Two Hit Hypothesis	02:28
Mitosis: Overview	01:26
Language of Chromosomes – Mitosis	02:59
Eukaryotic Chromosomes – Mitosis	02:15
Cell Division – Mitosis	01:34
Interphase and Prophase – Mitosis	02:23
Prometaphase, Metaphase and Anaphase – Mitosis	03:43
Telophase and Cytokinesis – Mitosis	04:38
Introduction and Reduce of Chromosomes – Meiosis	06:23
Homologous Chromosome Pairs – Meiosis	03:02
Meiosis I: Prophase I	02:06
Meiosis I: Metaphase I	04:02
Meiosis I: Anaphase I and Telophase I	01:50
Meiosis II: Phases	03:47
Human Karyotype – Meiosis	01:25
Meiosis in Humans	03:22
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis – Cell Division	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Cell Cycle and Cell Division“

Definition of Energy	02:42
Laws of Thermodynamics	04:12
Chemical, Endergonic and Exergonic Reactions	03:31
Activation Energy of Reactions	02:08
ATP	02:27
Bicarbonate Buffering System	04:12
Activation and Inhibition	02:52
Assisting Enzymes	02:15
Biochemical Pathways	03:06
Pyruvate Oxidation and Glycolysis: Overview	00:45
Glycolysis	05:53
Recycling of Nadh	02:02
Pyruvate Oxidation	01:38
Pyruvate Oxidation Without Oxygen	03:59
Splitting Sugar	02:23
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis	02:18
Krebs Cycle	07:04
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)	02:00
Electrochemical Gradient	04:05
ATP Synthase	02:56
Cell Respiration	06:00
Proteins, Catabolism of Fats and Metabolic Regulation: Introduction	01:13
Macromolecule Building Blocks	02:08
Catabolism of Fats	03:43
Metabolic Pathways	03:51
Process of Metabolism	03:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Energy, Enzymes and Metabolism“

Classical Genetic Assumptions – Classic Mendelian Genetics	02:42
Mendel's Investigations of the Pea Plant – Classic Mendelian Genetics	04:34
Monohybrid Crosses – Classic Mendelian Genetics	04:18
Mendel's Principles and Meiosis – Classic Mendelian Genetics	03:49
Human Pedigrees – Classic Mendelian Genetics	03:39
Dihybrid Crosses – Classic Mendelian Genetics	04:58
Principle of Independent Assortment – Classic Mendelian Genetics	02:15
Rules of Addition and Multiplication – Beyond Gregor Mendel	04:08
Predicting the Outcome of a Cross – Beyond Gregor Mendel	05:20
Test Cross: Uncover Genotypes – Beyond Gregor Mendel	02:15
Polygenic and Pleiotropic Inheritance – Beyond Gregor Mendel	06:01
Multiple Alleles and Incomplete Dominance – Beyond Gregor Mendel	04:28
Phenotypes Affected by Environment and Epistasis – Beyond Gregor Mendel	05:46
Linking Mendel and Chromosomes – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	03:43
Sex Chromosomes – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	01:11
Sex Linked Genetic Disorders – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	06:49
Chromosome Theory: Exceptions – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	03:14
Epigenetic Factors – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	04:20
Recombination of Chromosomes – Gene Mapping	04:29
Percent Recombination – Gene Mapping	01:18
How to Create a Genetic Map – Gene Mapping	04:11
How to Avoid Missed Double Crossovers – Gene Mapping	02:28
Usage of Physical Maps – Gene Mapping	01:53
Structure of DNA and RNA – DNA Structure and Replication	03:55
Prokaryotic Replication – DNA Structure and Replication	05:29
Special Enzymes for Replication – DNA Structure and Replication	02:54
Closer Look on Replisome – DNA Structure and Replication	05:07
Eukaryotic Replication – DNA Structure and Replication	04:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Understanding Genetics“

One Gene One Polypeptide Hypothesis	04:15
Overview of Transcription and Translation	02:12
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes	01:37
Types of RNA	02:18
How to Translate the Genetic Code	05:28
Transcription: Introduction	04:29
Elongation of mRNA	02:47
Prokaryotic Transcription	01:20
Eukaryotic Transcription	03:33
Posttranscriptional Modifications	01:54
Splicing Process	05:28
Charging of tRNA	03:35
Ribosome	01:46
Initiation of Translation	01:50
Elongation of Translation	06:46
Termination of Translation	04:02
Gene Expression – Translation and Summary	03:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Gene Expression“

Proofread and Repair Mechanisms	04:45
Mutations in General	03:19
Single Nucleotide Mutations	01:43
Frameshift Mutations	03:03
Chromosomal Mutations	02:41
Quiz zum Kurs „DNA Repair & Genetic Mutations“

Regulatory Proteins	06:51
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic mRNA	01:24
Prokaryotic Gene Expression	03:16
Inducible Operons	05:06
Repressible Operons	02:50
Other Levels of Prokaryotic Gene Regulation	01:55
The Levels of Eukaryotic Gene Expression	03:56
Transcriptional Control	05:12
Impact of Chromatin on Transcription	04:52
RNA Interference, AlterRNAtive Splicing and RNA Editing	04:28
Other Levels of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation	03:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Gene Regulation“

Recombinant DNA	02:16
Cutting the DNA	02:58
Gel Electrophoresis	04:47
Bacterial Transformation	01:45
Molecular Cloning	05:09
Host-vector Systems	02:11
Transforming Eukaryotic Cells	02:37
CRISPR-Cas9 System	04:26
Polymerase Chain Reaction	04:49
DNA Libraries	04:44
Probes and Blotting Methods	05:26
DNA Fingerprinting	03:53
Short Tandem Repeats	05:36
Biotechnology in Medicine	06:14
Biotechnology in Agriculture	04:49
Transgenic Animals	01:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Biotechnology“

Restriction Mapping	03:49
Cytological Maps	03:15
Sequence Tagged Sites	04:46
Sanger Sequencing	07:31
Sequencing Larger Genomes	05:06
Comparative Genome Analysis	04:24
Coding and Noncoding DNA Sequences	04:13
Transposable Elements	05:29
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms	03:38
BRCA2 Gene	03:48
Expressed Sequence Tags	03:19
Comparing Normal and Cancerous Tissue – Genomics	04:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Genomics“

Introduction to Physiology	05:25
Homeostasis: Definition & Level of Organization	09:15
Control and Regulation	07:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Physiology – Introduction & Central Principles“

Cell Membranes & Organelle Membranes	04:32
Lipid Bilayer: Structure & Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid	07:49
Aquaporin (AQP): Definition, Structure & Function	03:59
Ion Channels: Definition, Types & Function	04:43
ATPases	06:35
Solute Carriers (SLC Transporters)	06:38
Cell Signaling	04:11
Cell Signaling: Signal Reception	09:37
Extracellular & Intracellular Signaling: Receptor Modifications	03:30
Signal Amplification & Dissemination	07:23
Membrane Potential: Ion Concentration	03:57
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) & Intracellular Fluid (ICF)	07:36
Ion Manipulation	04:51
Action Potential	05:33
Surface Modifications of Epithelial Cells	07:18
Membrane and Transepithelial Potential	03:50
Fenestration & Endothelial Transport	05:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Membrane Physiology“

Introduction to Body Temperature Regulation	04:43
Body Temperature Evaluation	04:06
Circumventricular Organs (CVOs) & Blood-Brain Barrier	05:44
Hypothalamus: Body Temperature Regulation	03:19
Hyperthermia (Heat Stroke): Causes & Symptoms	02:52
Temperature Measurement	05:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Body Temperature Regulation“

Review of [H+] and pH	05:20
Blood pH: Acidosis & Alkalosis – Acid Base Balance	03:20
Acids, Bases and Buffers	04:27
Buffer: Definition & Titration Curves	03:40
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: Examples	01:53
ph Adjustment: Acid Handling	05:28
Renal reabsorption of HCO3 – Acid Base Balance	03:39
Titratable Acids	04:14
Ammonia: NH3 & NH4	03:25
Acid-Base Box	04:36
Respiratory Acidosis & Alkalosis	12:05
Metabolic Acidosis & Alkalosis	06:35
Anion Gap & Osmolar Gap	04:57
Renal Tubular Acidosis: Types & Acid-Base Summary	07:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Acid-Base Balance“

Introduction and Early Development	03:06
Fertilization to Bilaminar Embryo	08:19
Gastrulation and the Trilaminar Embryo	09:49
Ectoderm Derivatives and Neurulation	08:40
Mesoderm Derivatives: Paraxial and Intermediate Mesoderm	04:56
Mesoderm Derivatives: Lateral Plate Mesoderm and Body Wall	03:43
Endoderm Derivatives and Gut Tube	06:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Early Development and the Organogenic Period“

Embryology: Introduction	05:56
Central Enigma – Embryology	02:53
Early Stages of Development – Embryology	03:15
Positional Information – Embryology	05:17
Can a Tumor Have a Baby? – Embryology	06:27
Aging After Birth – Embryology	01:46
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis: Introduction	07:25
Fertilization – Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis	04:14
In Vitro Fertilization – Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis	02:21
Cell Division After Fertilization – Week 1 of Embryogenesis	04:16
Hatching and Implantation – Week 1 of Embryogenesis	07:24
Ectopic Pregnancy – Week 1 of Embryogenesis	04:41
Assisted Reproductive Technology – Week 1 of Embryogenesis	05:28
Gastrulation – the Most Important Thing – Week 3 of Embryogenesis	05:16
Neurulation – Week 2 of Embryogenesis	03:59
Neural Tube Defects – Week 2 of Embryogenesis	05:17
Twinning – Week 2 of Embryogenesis	03:43
Major Development Periods – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	05:23
Embryonic Period – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	07:30
Developmental Abnormalities – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	05:45
Causes of Developmental Abnormalities – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	03:14
Environmental Causes of Abnormalities – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	04:47
Role of Prenatal Diagnosis – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	05:10
Human Egg Implantation – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	04:17
Embryo Folding – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	04:56
Uterus Cavity – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	02:27
Twins in the Uterus – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	01:48
Placenta – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	04:42
Gastrulation – 3 Germ Layers	02:28
Derivatives – 3 Germ Layers	05:07
Ectoderm and Mesoderm – 3 Germ Layers	04:30
Endoderm – 3 Germ Layers	01:46
Interactions Between Tissues – 3 Germ Layers	04:54
Formation of the Primitive Streak – Neurulation	03:19
Embryo Folding and Regionalization of the Brain – Neurulation	05:47
Varieties of Dysraphic Condition – Neurulation	01:57
Neural Tube Defects – Neurulation	03:47

Overview – Introduction to Biochemistry	03:46
History – Introduction to Biochemistry	05:43
Structure – Amino Acids	06:39
R-group Categories – Amino Acids	02:10
Hydrophobic R-groups – Amino Acids	05:33
Hydrophilic and Ionic R-groups – Amino Acids	04:56
Ionization – Amino Acids	07:18
Peptide Bonds – Peptides	03:19
Polypeptides – Peptides	04:18
Levels of Protein Structure and Primary Structure – Peptides	02:58
Secondary Structure – Peptides	08:12
Tertiary Structure – Peptides	05:40
Quaternary Structure and Summary – Peptides	03:19
Structure of Proteins – Protein Movement and Cell Signaling	04:45
Globular Structural Proteins – Protein Movement and Cell Signaling	02:19
Communication and Signaling – Protein Movement and Cell Signaling	07:40
Involved Proteins – Protein Movement and Cell Signaling	05:07
Antibodies – Protein Functions	02:58
Gene Expression – Protein Functions	03:37
Catalysis – Protein Functions	05:11
Protein Transport – Protein Functions	02:11
Oxygen Transport – Protein Functions	05:18
Sodium-potassium Atpase – Protein Functions	04:28
Saccharides – Simple Carbohydrates	01:54
Common Sugars: Nomenclature & Structure – Simple Carbohydrates	06:36
Cyclization & Cyclic Forms – Simple Carbohydrates	06:34
Modified Sugars – Simple Carbohydrates	02:17
Glycosides and Disaccharides – Complex Carbohydrates	03:34
Polysaccharides – Complex Carbohydrates	04:01
Lipid Links – Complex Carbohydrates	02:48
Glycosaminoglycans – Complex Carbohydrates	03:53
Protein Links – Complex Carbohydrates	04:54
Peptidoglycans – Complex Carbohydrates	02:31
Proteoglycans – Complex Carbohydrates	02:55
Overview and Introduction on Fatty Acids – Lipids	03:25
Fatty Acids – Lipids	03:49
Glycerolipids and Glycerophospholipids – Lipids	05:06
Sphingolipids – Lipids	02:43
Polyketides – Lipids	01:01
Overview, Isoprenoids and Sterols – Lipids	03:51
Steroid Hormones – Lipids	03:14
Other Lipids and Their Function – Lipids	06:03
Fat Soluble Vitamins – Lipids	04:37
Structure of Membranes – Biological Membranes	01:12
Lipid Bilayer – Biological Membranes	02:17
Bilayer Composition – Biological Membranes	06:26
Membrane Fluidity – Biological Membranes	02:13
Diffusion – Biological Membranes	04:59
Active Transport: Sodium-potassium Atpase – Biological Membranes	05:18
Active Transport: Sodium-calcium Exchanger – Biological Membranes	02:49
Transporter and Transport Proteins Types – Biological Membranes	03:09
Ion Channel – Biological Membranes	05:55
Ion Channel Blocker and Opener – Biological Membranes	05:27
Nucleotides – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	04:17
Structure and Topology of DNA – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	05:22
DNA Replication – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	01:14
Transcription – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	06:20
Messenger RNAs – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	04:06
Structure of TRNA and RRNA – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	05:51
Genetic Code – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	04:54
TRNA Charging and Ribosomes – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	02:22
Translation – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	04:20
Energy Considerations – Oxidation and Reduction in Metabolism	05:40
Metabolism – Oxidation and Reduction in Metabolism	07:08
Oxidation and Reduction – Oxidation and Reduction in Metabolism	02:46
Electron Carriers – Oxidation and Reduction in Metabolism	02:41
Catabolism and Anabolism — Metabolism and Regulation	04:16
Metabolic Pathways – Metabolism and Regulation	02:38
Regulation of Enzymatic Activity – Metabolism and Regulation	04:32
Allosterism – Metabolism and Regulation	03:02
Covalent Modification – Metabolism and Regulation	03:01
Gene Expression – Metabolism and Regulation	02:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Biochemistry: Basics“

Background of Enzymatic Reactions – Enzyme Catalysis	06:39
Enzymes: Activation Energy and Mechanisms — Enzyme Catalysis	04:58
Serine Proteases – Enzyme Catalysis	11:23
Kinetic Considerations – Enzyme Catalysis	07:19
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics – Enzyme Catalysis	04:50
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics: Considerations – Enzyme Classification	04:10
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics: Parameters – Enzyme Classification	06:19
Perfect Enzyme and Lineweaver Burk Plot – Enzyme Classification	05:18
Catalysis Considerations – Enzyme Classification	07:45
Binding of Multiple Substrates – Enzyme Classification	05:35
Classification of Enzymes – Enzyme Classification	03:41
Competitive Reversible Enzyme Inhibition – Enzyme Inhibitors	06:36
Non-competitive Reversible Inhibition – Enzyme Inhibitors	04:01
Uncompetitive Reversible Enzyme Inhibition – Enzyme Inhibitors	03:27
Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition: Suicide – Enzyme Inhibitors	01:49
Quiz zum Kurs „Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics“

Amino Acid Metabolism: Introduction	02:22
α-ketoglutarate Family and Glutamine Synthesis Uses Glutamine Synthetase	08:10
Proline and Arginine Synthesis	05:39
Serine Family and Methionine Catabolism	06:18
Cysteine Metabolism	04:51
Aspartate Family and Asparagine Metabolism	04:00
Methionine, Threonine and Lysine Metabolism	05:11
Aromatic Family: Tryptophan	04:02
Aromatic Family: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine	05:57
Tyrosine: Precursor of Thyroid Hormones	06:52
Pyruvate Family: Alanine Metabolism	03:31
Leucine (LEU), Valine (VAL), Isoleucine (ILE) and Histidine (HIS) Metabolism	05:59
Amino Acid Catabolism	08:56
Nitrogen, Nitrogen Cycle and Excretion of Nitrogen	03:12
Glutamate: Central Role	04:55
Urea Cycle	05:08
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Reaction and Citrulline	05:16
Argininosuccinate Synthetase	04:43
Urea Cycle and Disease	03:42
Nitrites and Nitrosamines	04:24
Reactive Nitrogen Species	05:20
Heme: Introduction	02:37
Heme Synthesis	09:07
Porphyrias	02:51
Iron Transport and Storage	08:58
Regulation of Iron Transport	08:49
Hemoglobin and Movement of Oxygen: Introduction	05:10
Cooperativity	06:39
Bohr Effect	05:29
2,3 BPG	05:08
Movement of CO2	04:43
Fetal Hemoglobin	04:01
Sickle Cell Anemia	06:17
Biochemistry of Bilirubin	05:03
Biochemistry of Bilirubin: Biliverdin Reductase	04:33
Enterohepatic Circulation and Health	05:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Amino Acid Metabolism“

Vitamin A: Introduction	07:08
Vitamin A: Steps in Light Detection	05:54
Vitamin A: Color Detection, Visual Cycle and Retinoic Acid Function	06:03
Vitamin D: Introduction	04:40
Vitamin D3 and Calcium	05:54
Vitamin D and Calcium Levels	05:39
Vitamin D and Intracellular Actions	08:35
Vitamin K	09:36
Vitamin E	08:05
Vitamin B12	06:45
Folate Metabolism and Recycling	07:46
Folate Metabolism Overview and Health	04:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Vitamins“

Hormones and Signal Transduction: Introduction	07:06
Receptors and Messengers	09:54
G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)	06:02
Actions of the Second Messenger and Protein Kinase A	05:17
β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling	09:17
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling	09:09
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)	07:28
Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Steroid Hormone Signaling	04:26
Non-Hormone Signaling and Nerve Transmission	06:10
Signaling Gone Wild	06:56
HER2 Receptor and Bcr-Abl	05:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Hormones and Signal Transduction“

Introduction – RNA Basics	01:19
Structures and Functions – RNA Basics	05:13
Gene Expression in a Prokaryotic System – RNA Basics	07:33
Lac Operon – RNA Basics	06:38
Eukaryotic Gene Expression – Complexity of RNA Structure	10:16
Epigenetics – Complexity of RNA Structure	02:15
Transcription – Complexity of RNA Structure	05:27
RNA Polymerase – Complexity of RNA Structure	05:33
RNA Processing	06:59
RNA Splicing	07:13
Catalytic RNAs	02:44
RNA Interference	07:50
Genetic Code	10:57
Collagen: Background	05:30
Biochemistry of Collagen	08:53
Clinical Biochemistry	07:58
Quiz zum Kurs „RNA and the Genetic Code“

Introduction – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	02:57
Glycolysis: Glucose –> G6-P –> F6-P – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	04:30
Glycolysis: F6-P –> F1,6-P – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	04:42
Glycolysis: F1,6P –> DHAP – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	03:36
Glycolysis: Dhap –> Ga3-P – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	01:57
Glycolysis: GAP –> 1,3 BPG – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	01:39
Glycolysis: 1,3 BPG –> 3-PG – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	01:29
Glycolysis: 3-PG –> 2-PG – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	07:32
Pyruvate Kinase & Summary Glycolysis – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	02:45
Fate of Pyruvate – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	05:58
Gluconeogenesis: Metabolism of Galactose	03:26
Gluconeogenesis: Metabolism of Fructose	04:21
Gluconeogenesis: Synthesis of Glucose	02:31
Gluconeogenesis: Reactions	07:12
Gluconeogenesis: Regulation and Glycolysis	06:58
Glycogen Metabolism: Introduction	01:52
Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogen Breakdown	06:07
Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogen Synthesis	03:32
Glycogen Metabolism: Regulation of Glycogen	10:50
Glycogen Metabolism: Insulin Signaling and Summary	03:34
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway: Introduction	02:34
Pathway Overview and Reactions – Part 1	05:02
Pathway Overview and Reactions – Part 2	09:15
Introduction to the Citric Acid Cycle	10:01
Citric Acid Cycle	10:18
Glyoxylate Cycle	05:28
Ketone Body Metabolism	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Carbohydrate Metabolism“

DNA Amplification – Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology	10:25
Microarray Analysis – Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology	06:43
Proteomics (2d Gel Analysis) – Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology	06:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology“

DNA Replication	03:09
DNA Polymerase	08:04
Other Replication Proteins	06:38
Replication Fork	02:29
Leading and Lagging Strand	05:24
Telomeres	04:35
DNA Repair	05:21
Quiz zum Kurs „DNA Replication and Repair“

Background – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	01:37
Allosteric Control – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	11:13
Covalent Modification Control – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	06:11
Zymogens and Chemical Modifications – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	03:41
Gene Expression Control – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	06:31
Energy Considerations: Catabolic and Anabolic Processes	01:11
Futile Cycle	02:34
Reciprocal Regulation	02:38
Role of the Liver	00:58
Cori Cycle	02:36
Hormonal Control	08:42
Glycogen Metabolism	05:04
Hormonal Control/Signaling	01:49
Control of Fat Metabolism	03:34
Control of Enzyme Activity	01:53
Role of Kinase a and Effect of Insulin	04:12
Pathway Regulation	01:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Metabolic Control“

Fat Breakdown and Synthesis	03:38
Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids	09:27
Oxidation of Unsaturated and Other Fatty Acids	05:05
Fatty Acid Synthesis	09:54
Syntheses of Other Fatty Acids	01:51
Steroids and Bile Acids: Mevalonate Pathway I	01:55
Steroids and Bile Acids: Ketone Body Synthesis	03:05
Steroids and Bile Acids: Mevalonate Pathway II	03:59
Steroids and Bile Acids: Cholesterol Synthesis	02:58
Steroids and Bile Acids: Movement of Cholesterol	08:16
Steroids and Bile Acids: Receptor-mediated Endocytosis	00:59
Steroids and Bile Acids: Steroid Hormone Metabolism	03:45
Synthesis of Glycerophospholipids – Membrane Lipid Metabolism	07:20
Synthesis of Sphingolipids – Membrane Lipid Metabolism	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Lipid Metabolism“

Nucleotide Metabolism: Introduction and De novo Purine Metabolism	09:11
Paths to Guanine and Adenine Nucleotides	04:06
Purine de novo Metabolism Regulation	04:41
Pyrimidine de novo Metabolism: ATCase Reaction	05:29
Pyrimidine de novo Metabolis: OMP Decarboxylase and Synthesis of UTP & CTP	05:22
Catabolism of Guanine Nucleotides and Adenine Nucleotides	04:15
Catabolism of Guanine & Hypoxanthine and Purine Nucleotide Salvage	06:43
Pyrimidine Catabolism and Salvage Reactions	04:13
Deoxyribonucleotide Synthesis and Ribonucleotide Reductase	05:57
Nucleotide Metabolism and Thymidine Metabolism	06:38
Thymidylate Synthase and Recycling of Folates	06:18
Nucleoside Analogs and Deoxyadenosine Analogs	04:51
Analogs: Adenosine, Deoxycytidine, Guanosine/Deoxyguanosine, Thymidine, Deoxyuridine	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism“

The Mammalian Cell: Introduction	09:10
Cell Structure	08:31
Cell Sizes	16:12
Mammalian Cell: Structural Components and Their Functions	09:12
Nucleus, Nucleolus and Chromatin	14:29
Mitochondrion	04:16
Ribosome & Endoplasmic Reticulum	07:11
Golgi Apparatus	06:01
Lysosome	06:01
Cytoplasmic Inclusions, Cytoskeleton and Interphase of the Cell Cycle	13:16
Epithelial Cells	13:28
Conducting Cells	06:54
Contractile Cells, Electrolyte & Water-transporting Cells	08:17
Protein-secreting, Mucus-secreting & Steroid-secreting Cells	10:43

Preparation of Tissue for Microscopic Examination	08:39
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E Stain)	13:07
Special Stains: Giemsa Stain, Silver Stain, Reticulin Stain, Van Gieson Stain and more	19:33
Resolving Power of Microscope	05:05

Introduction to the Connective Tissue	03:00
What Are the Properties of Connective Tissues?	03:29
How Are Connective Tissues Classified?	10:56
Other Common Named Locations	06:42
Histological Distinction and Extracellular Constituents	07:01
Cells: Introduction	04:16
Cells: Macrophages	03:25
Cells: Mast Cell and Adipocyte	03:59
Cells: Adult Stem Cell Niches, Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell	06:15
Cartilage	05:08
3 Types of Cartilages	17:48
Does Cartilage Grow and can it be Repaired?	06:09
Quiz zum Kurs „Connective Tissue“

Structure of Bones	04:19
Different Types of Bone	11:02
Osteon	10:54
How Do Osteocytes Receive Their Nutrients?	04:14
Introduction to Bone Formation & Growth	05:12
Immature Bone	02:54
Bone Cells	07:39
Bone Formation	08:42
Bone Growth	06:43
Mineralization of the Bone Matrix	07:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Bone Tissue“

Bone Marrow and Hematopoiesis	02:55
Hematopoiesis	02:53
Erythropoiesis	04:33
Stages of Erythropoiesis	05:55
Thrombopoiesis and Granulopoiesis	04:12
Stages of Granulopoiesis: Myelocyte	04:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Bone Marrow“

Blood: Introduction	07:56
Blood: Red and White Blood Cells	07:54
Blood: Neutrophils	04:30
Blood: Eosinophils and Basophils	03:47
Blood: Lymphocytes and Monocytes	03:17
Blood: Thrombocytes	07:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Blood“

Muscle Tissue: Introduction	03:41
How Is Muscle Tissue Classified?	11:58
Organization of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber	09:47
Sarcomere	10:45
Innervation of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber	07:38
How Does Muscle Repair After Injury?	06:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Muscle Tissue“

Organization of the Nervous System	08:19
Major Components of Nerve Tissue	02:49
Neuron	07:38
Major Types of Neurons	07:37
Synapses are Junctions Between Neurons	01:42
Spinal Cord	06:59
The Size of the Gray Matter Varies	03:29
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System	03:27
Arrangement and Locations of Motor and Sensory Neurons	07:15
Dorsal Root Ganglion	02:18
Functional Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System	03:34
Autonomic Ganglion	02:03
Enteric Ganglion	02:27
Structure of Peripheral Nerves and Brain	07:18
The Structure of a Peripheral Nerve	04:59
Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons	03:12
Neuroglial Cells	05:26
Brain	06:03
Meninges	04:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Nerve Tissue“

Epithelium: Introduction	04:29
Epithelium: Classification	10:00
Epithelium: Epithelial Cells Exhibit Polarity	06:45
Epithelium: How Are Epithelial Cells Joined Together?	03:25
Epithelium: Surfaces of Epithelial Cells	02:58
Epithelium: Basement Membrane	03:41
Exocrine Glands	03:51
How Do Exocrine Glands Release Their Secretory Products?	02:40
How Are Exocrine Glands Classified and Named?	04:20
Mucous and Serous Glands	03:52
Lobes, Lobules and Cytogenesis	06:36
Names of Ducts of Glands	08:36
Mucosa and Serosa	07:15
Skin (Integumentary System)	16:58
Cells of the Epidermis	06:55
The Skin is a Large Sensory Receptor Organ	06:07
Skin Appendages	15:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Epithelial Tissue“

Neoplasia, Dysplasia, Tumor and Cancer: Differentiating Definitions– Neoplasia	04:55
Types of Tumors: Tissue, Benign and Malignant – Neoplasia	03:48
Benign Neoplasm and Teratoma – Neoplasia	07:27
Malignant Neoplasms – Neoplasia	03:29
Bronchogenic Carcinoma, Osteogenic Sarcoma & Grading– Neoplasia	05:54
Diagnosis of Cancer – Neoplasia	05:38
Malignant Neoplasm: Invasion and Metastasis – Neoplasia	05:28
Metastasis and Bone Metastasis – Neoplasia	07:41
Epidemiology of Cancer – Neoplasia	04:37
Introduction to Carcinogenesis – Carcinogenesis	04:49
Carcinogenic Chemicals – Carcinogenesis	08:24
Ultraviolet Radiation: Excision Repair & Carcinogen – Carcinogenesis	05:13
Ionizing Radiation – Carcinogenesis	04:53
DNA Virus – Carcinogenesis	09:18
DNA Repair Defects & Neoplastic Molecular Markers – Carcinogenesis	11:51
Four Classes of Normal Regulatory Genes & Signal Transduction – Carcinogenesis	06:58
Proto-Oncogenes & Mechanisms of Oncogene Activation – Carcinogenesis	04:48
Oncogenes – Carcinogenesis	06:14
Cell Cycle: Cyclin D – Carcinogenesis	13:29
RAS Protein & Signal Transduction – Carcinogenesis	07:09
Tumor Suppressor Genes: Definition and Inactivation – Carcinogenesis	07:08
Paraneoplastic Syndromes – Carcinogenesis	04:46
Retinoblastoma – Carcinogenesis	09:07
Tumor Suppressor Genes: VHL, WT, NF, BRCA, DCC – Carcinogenesis	06:30
Regulation of Apoptosis and Clonality– Carcinogenesis	02:55
Tumor Progression: Adenoma Carcinoma Sequence – Carcinogenesis	05:46
Paraneoplastic Endocrinopathies – Carcinogenesis	06:42
Acute Inflammation: Signs & Symptoms – Inflammation and Wound Repair	05:24
Acute Inflammation: Stages – Inflammation and Wound Repair	12:59
Phagocytosis – Inflammation and Wound Repair	11:00
Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Myeloperoxidase & Arachidonic Acid – Inflammation and Wound Repair	06:37
Complement System & Chronic Inflammation – Inflammation and Wound Repair	06:54
Wound Healing: Primary Intention – Inflammation and Wound Repair	05:21
Wound Healing: Impaired Healing – Inflammation and Wound Repair	03:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Pathology: Basic Principles“

Introduction: Pathogens and the Immune System	05:40
Immune Response	07:25
Strategies to Eliminate Pathogens	05:06
Organization of the Immune System	05:07
Cells of the Innate Immune Response	03:26
Phagocytic Cells	07:23
Dendritic Cells, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells	04:05
Cells of the Adaptive Immune System	00:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Immune System: Overview and Cells“

Introduction: The Innate Immune Response	02:41
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)	06:59
Inflammatory Signaling and Inflammasomes	05:20
Acute Phase Response	07:19
Acute Inflammation	04:50
Chronic Inflammation	04:12
Complement System	10:23
Steps Following the Acute Inflammation	08:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Innate Immune System“

Recognition of Antigens – Lymphocyte Development	04:54
B-Cell Development in the Bone Marrow – Lymphocyte Development	12:52
Immunoglobulin Genes and Recombination – Lymphocyte Development	08:48
Mediation of Antigen Receptor Genetic Recombination – Lymphocyte Development	05:07
Antibody Variable Region Diversity – Lymphocyte Development	06:13
Junctional Diversity, N-Nucleotide Addition and Somatic Hypermutation – Lymphocyte Development	05:53
Class Switch Recombination, Co-Expression and B-Cell Development – Lymphocyte Development	06:39
T-Cell Development – Lymphocyte Development	06:48
T-Cell Development in Thymus and Genetic Recombination of TCR – Lymphocyte Development	05:05
Natural Killer T-Cells (NKT-Cells) – Lymphocyte Development	03:08
Overview of Lymphoid Tissues – Lymphocyte Activation	00:57
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues – Lymphocyte Activation	07:32
Germinal Center – Lymphocyte Activation	03:02
B- and T-Cell Activation – Lymphocyte Activation	04:36
B-Cell Differentiation – Lymphocyte Activation	05:29
Migration and Maturation of Interdigitating Dendritic Cells and T-Cell Differentiation – Lymphocyte Activation	05:53
Costimulation – Lymphocyte Activation	04:02
Introduction to Lymphocyte Recirculation – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	01:20
Blood/Lymphatic Circulation and High Endothelial Venules – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	07:23
Chemokines – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:31
Migration of Central Memory and Effector Memory T-Cells – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:58
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:59
Trafficking and Homing – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	09:07
Introduction – Antigen Processing and Presentation	00:58
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) – Antigen Processing and Presentation	04:53
Polymorphism and TCR Recognition of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	05:36
Diversity of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	04:41
Structure of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	06:37
Main Pathways and Endogenous/Exogenous Antigens – Antigen Processing and Presentation	08:18
Cross-Presentation – Antigen Processing and Presentation	02:46
Presentation of Lipid Antigens by CD1 – Antigen Processing and Presentation	01:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Adaptive Immune System“

Introduction – Humoral Immunity	00:55
T-Dependent, T-Independent Antigens and Class Switching – Humoral Immunity	04:05
Structure of Antibodies and Immunoglobulin Domains – Humoral Immunity	08:15
Antibody Polymers and Antibody Binding to Antigens – Humoral Immunity	06:17
Function of Antibodies – Humoral Immunity	07:55
Introduction – Cell-Mediated Immunity	02:50
Gamma-Delta T-Cells, T-Cell Receptor and Alpha-Beta T-Cells – Cell-Mediated Immunity	07:20
Th0, Th1 and Th2 Cells – Cell-Mediated Immunity	05:30
Regulatory T-Cells, Cytotoxic T-Cells, Macrophages and Intraepithelial Lymphocytes – Cell-Mediated Immunity	06:48
Cytokines, Interferons, Interleukins and Colony Stimulating Factors – Cell-Mediated Immunity	05:33
Chemokines, Tumor Necrosis Factors and Transforming Growth Factors – Cell-Mediated Immunity	02:51
Functional Modes of Cytokines and Cytokine Receptor Signaling – Cell-Mediated Immunity	04:25
Therapeutic Blocking of Pathological Cytokines and Therapeutic Cytokines – Cell-Mediated Immunity	02:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Humoral Immunity and Cell-Mediated Immunity“

Introduction – Primary Immunodeficiency	05:17
Complement Deficiencies – Primary Immunodeficiency	04:06
Phagocytic Cell Disorders – Primary Immunodeficiency	05:18
Autoinflammatory Disorders – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:25
Mutations Affecting T-cell Maturation	02:17
B-Cell Immunodeficiencies: Common Variable Immunodeficiency, X-linked Agammaglobulinemia and Selective IgA Deficiency – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:54
T-Cell Immunodeficiencies: Hyper IgM Syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and MHC Class II Deficiency – Primary Immunodeficiency	08:30
Primary Immunodeficiencies Associated with Autoimmune Disease	03:21
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) – Primary Immunodeficiency	04:23
Diagnosis – Primary Immunodeficiency	03:54
Treatment – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:37
Introduction – Secondary Immunodeficiency	03:41
Causes: Immaturity & Pregnancy – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	05:09
Causes: Aging & Infections – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	04:03
HIV Infection and HIV Life Cycle– Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	06:06
HIV Disease: Clinical Course, Treatment & Prophylaxis – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	06:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Immunodeficiency and Immune Deficiency Diseases“

Introduction to Hypersensitivity	01:42
Hypersensitivity: Types	04:42
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 – Causes	07:18
Allergy: Genetics and IgE	02:29
IgE, Mast Cells and Eosinophils	04:40
Allergy: Diagnosis, Therapy and Treatment of Asthma	06:11
Hypersensitivity: Type 2	08:46
Hypersensitivity: Type 3	02:32
Hypersensitivity: Type 4	03:17
Introduction to Autoimmune Diseases	02:14
Immune Tolerance and Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE)	04:29
Genetic Susceptibility to Autoimmune Diseases and Mechanisms	08:46
Autoimmune Diseases: Types	03:25
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia	04:56
Goodpasture's Syndrome, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Graves' Disease and Type I Diabetes	06:31
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)	03:11
Acute Rheumatic Fever	01:02
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	03:18
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)	03:56
Celiac Disease	01:59
Autoimmune Diseases: Therapy	03:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune Disease“

Introduction to the Problems and Rules of Transplantation	04:28
Allograft Rejection and Blood Transfusion	06:22
Blood Transfusion	02:02
Direct and Indirect Alloantigen Recognition	06:10
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and MHC Disparity	06:47
Tissue Typing, Immunosuppressive Drugs and GVHD	04:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Transplantation Immunology“

Introduction to Tumor Immunology	00:45
Leukemia, Lymphoma & Myeloma	05:30
Immune Response to Tumors: Tumor Antigens and Antitumor Immunity	07:57
Tumor-Infiltrating NK Cells	04:52
Tumor Evasion of the Immune Response and Immune Checkpoint Blockade	02:42
Monoclonal Antibodies and Nonspecific Immunotherapy	07:06
Tumor Vaccines	03:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumor Immunology“

Introduction to Vaccination	05:15
History of Vaccination	04:35
Vaccine Components: Antigen, Carrier and Adjuvant	04:20
Types of Vaccines (1): Live Attenuated Vaccines and Inactivated Vaccines	04:40
Vaccination: Subunit Vaccines, Toxoid Vaccines, Look on Conjugate Vaccines	06:33
Future Needs for Vaccines: Influenza, Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV	08:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Vaccine Immunology“

Introduction to Immunodiagnostics	01:03
Immunodiagnostic Methods: Agglutination, Nephelometry, Immunoprecipitation and Radial Immunodiffusion	04:13
Electrophoresis and Western Blot	03:45
Immunoassays: ELISA, RIA and Luminex™	04:57
Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry	03:38
Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)	06:16
Evaluation of Cellular Activity	06:52
Preparation of Antibodies	08:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Immunodiagnostics“

Important Concepts and Terms — Introduction to Microbiology	04:22
Fungi — Introduction to Microbiology	03:01
Protozoa – Introduction to Microbiology	04:52
The Concept of Microorganisms – Introduction to Microbiology	03:43
Surviving the Extremes of Life – Introduction to Microbiology	01:50
Metabolic Wizardry – Introduction to Microbiology	03:52
Why do we Care About Microbes? – Introduction to Microbiology	03:17
Bacteria and Bacterial Structure – Bacteria	06:11
Gram-positive Solution – Bacteria	03:43
Gram-negative Solution – Bacteria	06:14
Bacterial Interior – Bacteria	03:49
Making a Bacterial Cell – Bacteria	04:37
Fueling in Heterotrophs – Bacteria	04:13
Harnessing Bacteria – Bacteria	03:21
Bacteria Exchange DNA – Bacteria	02:49
Virus Overview – Viruses	05:15
How 'infected' are we? – Viruses	05:02
Good Viruses – Viruses	04:02
Are Viruses Alive? – Viruses	01:55
Viruses are Very Small – Viruses	04:04
Viruses are not as Small as we Once Thought! – Viruses	03:01
How old are Viruses? – Viruses	02:15
Virus Discovery – Viruses	04:21
We Continue to Discover new Viruses – Viruses	05:30
Eukaryotic Microbes – Fungi	05:36
Yeasts – Fungi	04:13
Pathogenic Yeasts – Fungi	06:16
Filamentous Fungi (Molds) – Fungi	03:11
Indoor Molds – Fungi	03:11
Histoplasmosis – Fungi	04:10
Global Warming and Fungal Diseases – Fungi	03:32
Introduction to Parasites	02:35
Protozoa – Parasites	03:58
Classification of Protozoan Parasites – Parasites	02:46
Helminths (Worms) – Parasites	05:40
Nematodes (Roundworms) and Cestodes (Flatworms) - Parasites	02:57
Schistosomes – Parasites	04:22
Estimated Worldwide Prevalence of Parasitic Infections – Parasites	01:40
Introduction – Prions	04:13
Scrapie – Prions	03:03
Inactivation of Scrapie Infectivity – Prions	03:14
Current View of Prions – Prions	04:15
Sporadic CJD – Prions	02:58
Forced Cannibalism Spreads BSE – Prions	03:10
Chronic Wasting Disease – Prions	02:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Microbiology: Introduction“

Human Microbiome	06:00
Infection Basics	03:20
Bacteria Spread	03:55
Exotoxins and Type III Cytotoxins – Bacterial Toxins	05:33
Endotoxin – Bacterial Toxins	05:16
Membrane-damaging Toxins and Extracellular Matrix Toxins – Bacterial Toxins	02:20
Antimicrobial Compounds	02:14
Antimicrobial Resistance	07:07
Staphylococci	03:58
Abscesses – Staphylococcus Aureus	09:01
Toxin-mediated Diseases – Staphylococcus Infection	04:31
Group A Streptococci	07:20
Streptococcus Pneumoniae	06:29
Enteric Bacteria	03:17
Vibrio Cholerae – Enteric Bacteria	07:03
Escherichia Coli – Enteric Bacteria	15:14
Shigella – Enteric Bacteria	04:08
Salmonella – Enteric Bacteria	06:38
Clinical Types of Intestinal Infection	02:45
Bacillus	10:49
Clostridium	12:09
Clostridial Infections	10:54
Listeria Monocytogenes	07:00
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae	06:53
Actinomyces Species	04:29
Nocardia Species	05:50
Mycobacterium	02:22
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis	16:28
Mycobacterium Leprae	04:25
Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare	04:09
Neisseria Meningitidis	11:52
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa	11:06
Legionella Pneumophila	10:42
Francisella Tularensis	07:02
Bordetella Pertussis	10:04
Brucella Species	05:53
Campylobacter Jejuni	07:20
Helicobacter Pylori	09:40
Klebsiella Pneumoniae	06:25
Yersinia	00:54
Yersinia Pestis	08:10
Yersinia Enterocolitica	04:42
Proteus Mirabilis	03:58
Haemophilus	01:56
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B	10:08
Haemophilus Ducreyi	02:15
Gardnerella Vaginalis	04:11
Pasteurella	03:41
Bacteroides	06:52
Treponema	08:29
Syphilis – Treponema Pallidum	17:07
Yaws and Pinta – Treponema Pallidum	02:42
Borrelia	06:35
Lyme Disease – Borrelia Burgdorferi	07:22
Relapsing Fever – Borrelia	04:23
Leptospira	05:49
Chlamydia	06:03
Chlamydia Trachomatis	13:55
Chlamydophila Psittaci	01:10
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae	01:57
Rickettsia	12:11
Mycoplasma	01:28
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae	15:02
Mycoplasma Hominis	01:19
Ureaplasma	03:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Bacteria“

Viral Genomes	05:14
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:45
Gapped Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:03
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	02:20
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) – RNA Virus Genomes	03:58
Positive-sense Single-stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	06:21
Negative-sense Single-stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	04:28
Ambisense RNA Virus Genomes	01:58
Genetic Engineering of Viruses	03:59
How are Viruses Studied?	03:56
Viral Culture and Virus Quantification	05:46
Breakthrough in Virology	05:34
Adenoviruses	11:23
Herpesviruses	05:12
Herpex Simplex Virus-1 and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 – Herpesviruses	10:17
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) – Herpesviruses	05:37
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) – Herpesviruses	07:39
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Herpesviruses	05:46
Roseolovirus (HHV-6 and HHV-7) – Herpesviruses	02:38
Kaposi's Sarcoma-asssociated Herpesvirus (KSHV) – Herpesviruses	02:11
Papillomaviruses	06:43
BK and JC Virus – Polyomaviruses	05:10
Poxviruses	04:39
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV) – Poxviruses	01:57
Hepatitis B Virus – Hepadnaviruses	11:53
B19 Parvovirus – Parvoviruses	06:49
Rotavirus and Colorado Tick Fever Virus – Reoviruses	08:17
Picornaviruses	01:47
Enteroviruses – Picornaviruses	13:24
Rhinoviruses – Picornaviruses	03:01
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) – Picornaviruses	06:10
Norwalk Virus and Hepatits E Virus (HEV) – Caliciviruses	05:25
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19 – Coronaviruses	07:18
Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	10:37
COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Risk Factors	07:53
COVID-19 Complications	09:21
COVID-19 Case: 62-year-old Man with Fever, Dry Cough, and Malaise	08:37
COVID-19 Case: 62-year-old Man with Severe Cough and Shortness of Breath	10:28
Flaviviruses	01:06
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) – Flaviviruses	04:05