Year 1 – Fundamentals

Introduction and Organization – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	03:40
Relative Size of Life – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	01:25
Cell Forms Comparison – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	02:24
Homeostasis – Launching Pad for Cell Biology	05:35
Importance of Chemistry for Biology – Chemistry	01:01
Atomic Structure – Chemistry	03:58
Chemical Behavior – Chemistry	06:06
Periodic Table for Biology – Chemistry	05:26
Covalent Bond – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	03:37
Ionic Bonds – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	02:49
Hydrogen Bonds – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	03:26
Ph Scale – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	02:13
Ph Homeostasis – How Atoms Come Together to Form a Molecule	04:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Cell Biology“

How Macromolecules Come Together	06:17
Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis Reactions	01:54
Glucose	05:05
Polysaccharides	03:20
Introduction to Proteins	00:55
Polypeptide Chain	02:10
Four Levels of Organization	07:45
Nucleic Acids	04:35
DNA and RNA	01:59
Hydrogen Bond Zipper and ATP	02:22
Lipids, Fats and Oils	06:49
Phospholipids	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „The Macromolecules of Life“

Cellular Structure: Introduction	03:44
Nucleus and Ribosomes	03:30
Endomembrane System	01:41
Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus	02:42
Lysosomes	02:47
Mitochondria and Origins of Eukaryotic Cells	04:06
Membranes: Introduction	00:56
Fluid Mosaic Model	04:43
Role of Cell Membrane Proteins	03:36
How Proteins Anchor Themselves in the Membrane	03:04
Cytoskeleton	05:29
Transport and Network of Proteins	03:13
Extracellular Structures and Cell Movement	02:41
Cell Identity	03:09
Three Types of Cell Junctions	04:38
Passive Transport – Transport Across Cell Membranes	07:02
Osmosis and Tonicity – Transport Across Cell Membranes	07:32
Active Transport – Transport Across Cell Membranes	07:56
Bulk Transport – Transport Across Cell Membranes	04:52
Modes of Cell Communication: Introduction	03:07
Modes of Cell Communication: Overview	05:35
Phosphorylation – Modes of Cell Communication	03:20
Cell Surface Receptors – Modes of Cell Communication	04:35
Intracellular Receptors – Modes of Cell Communication	04:57
Second Messenger Systems: Overview	01:59
Second Messenger Systems: Definition	03:35
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathways – Second Messenger Systems	12:42
G-protein Coupled Receptors – Second Messenger Systems	07:50
Recap – Second Messenger Systems	02:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Structure“

Cell Cycle and Cell Division Control: Introduction	02:43
Cell Cycle Controls	09:12
Growth Factors	02:45
P53 Gene	02:55
Mutated Genes	05:10
Two Hit Hypothesis	02:41
Mitosis: Overview	01:26
Language of Chromosomes – Mitosis	02:59
Eukaryotic Chromosomes – Mitosis	02:53
Cell Division – Mitosis	01:39
Interphase and Prophase – Mitosis	02:23
Prometaphase, Metaphase and Anaphase – Mitosis	03:43
Telophase and Cytokinesis – Mitosis	04:33
Introduction and Reduce of Chromosomes – Meiosis	06:23
Homologous Chromosome Pairs – Meiosis	03:02
Meiosis I: Prophase I	02:05
Meiosis I: Metaphase I	04:06
Meiosis I: Anaphase I and Telophase I	01:49
Meiosis II: Phases	03:49
Human Karyotype – Meiosis	01:26
Meiosis in Humans	03:25
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis – Cell Division	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Cell Cycle and Cell Division“

Definition of Energy	02:42
Laws of Thermodynamics	04:12
Chemical, Endergonic and Exergonic Reactions	03:30
Activation Energy of Reactions	02:11
ATP	02:27
Bicarbonate Buffering System	04:12
Activation and Inhibition	02:56
Assisting Enzymes	02:20
Biochemical Pathways	03:07
Pyruvate Oxidation and Glycolysis: Overview	06:30
Recycling of NADH	02:02
Pyruvate Oxidation	01:38
Anaerobic Glycolysis	04:27
A Review of Glycolysis	02:23
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis	02:18
Krebs Cycle	07:08
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)	02:03
Electrochemical Gradient	04:10
ATP Synthase	02:57
Cell Respiration	06:00
Proteins, Catabolism of Fats and Metabolic Regulation: Introduction	01:15
Entry Points into Cellular Respiration	02:10
Catabolism of Fats and Proteins	03:43
Metabolic Pathways	03:41
Process of Metabolism	03:56
Quiz zum Kurs „Energy, Enzymes and Metabolism“

Classical Genetic Assumptions – Classic Mendelian Genetics	02:42
Mendel's Investigations of the Pea Plant – Classic Mendelian Genetics	04:34
Monohybrid Crosses – Classic Mendelian Genetics	04:20
Mendel's Principles and Meiosis – Classic Mendelian Genetics	03:49
Human Pedigrees – Classic Mendelian Genetics	03:39
Dihybrid Crosses – Classic Mendelian Genetics	04:58
Principle of Independent Assortment – Classic Mendelian Genetics	02:15
Rules of Addition and Multiplication – Beyond Gregor Mendel	04:08
Predicting the Outcome of a Cross – Beyond Gregor Mendel	05:20
Test Cross: Uncover Genotypes – Beyond Gregor Mendel	02:15
Polygenic and Pleiotropic Inheritance – Beyond Gregor Mendel	06:01
Multiple Alleles and Incomplete Dominance – Beyond Gregor Mendel	04:28
Phenotypes Affected by Environment and Epistasis – Beyond Gregor Mendel	05:46
Linking Mendel and Chromosomes – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	03:43
Sex Chromosomes – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	01:11
Sex Linked Genetic Disorders – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	06:49
Chromosome Theory: Exceptions – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	03:14
Epigenetic Factors – Chromosome Theory and Sex Linkage	04:29
Recombination of Chromosomes – Gene Mapping	04:29
Percent Recombination – Gene Mapping	01:18
How to Create a Genetic Map – Gene Mapping	04:11
How to Avoid Missed Double Crossovers – Gene Mapping	02:28
Usage of Physical Maps – Gene Mapping	01:53
Structure of DNA and RNA – DNA Structure and Replication	03:55
Prokaryotic Replication – DNA Structure and Replication	05:29
The Enzymes of Replication – DNA Structure and Replication	02:54
Closer Look at Replisome – DNA Structure and Replication	05:07
Eukaryotic Replication – DNA Structure and Replication	04:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Understanding Genetics“

One Gene One Polypeptide Hypothesis	04:15
Overview of Transcription and Translation	02:12
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes	01:37
Types of RNA	02:18
How to Translate the Genetic Code	05:28
Transcription: Introduction	04:29
Elongation of mRNA	02:47
Prokaryotic Transcription	01:21
Eukaryotic Transcription	03:33
Post-transcriptional Modifications	01:54
Post-transcriptional Modification: Splicing	05:28
Charging of tRNA	03:35
Ribosome	01:46
Initiation of Translation	01:50
Elongation of Translation	06:46
Termination of Translation	04:02
Gene Expression – Translation and Summary	03:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Gene Expression“

Proofread and Repair Mechanisms	04:45
Mutations in General	03:19
Single Nucleotide Mutations	01:43
Frameshift Mutations	03:03
Chromosomal Mutations	02:41
Quiz zum Kurs „DNA Repair & Genetic Mutations“

Binding Motifs	06:51
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic mRNA	01:24
Prokaryotic Gene Expression	03:16
Inducible Operons	05:06
Repressible Operons	02:48
Other Levels of Prokaryotic Gene Regulation	01:55
The Levels of Eukaryotic Gene Expression	03:56
Transcriptional Control	05:12
Impact of Chromatin on Transcription	04:52
RNA Interference, AlterRNAtive Splicing and RNA Editing	04:28
Other Levels of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation	03:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Gene Regulation“

Recombinant DNA	02:16
Cutting the DNA	02:58
Gel Electrophoresis	04:47
Bacterial Transformation	01:45
Molecular Cloning	05:09
Host-vector Systems	02:11
Transforming Eukaryotic Cells	02:37
CRISPR-Cas9 System	04:26
Polymerase Chain Reaction	04:49
DNA Libraries	04:44
Probes and Blotting Methods	05:26
DNA Fingerprinting	03:53
Short Tandem Repeats	05:36
Biotechnology in Medicine	06:16
Biotechnology in Agriculture	04:49
Transgenic Animals	01:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Biotechnology“

Restriction Mapping	03:49
Cytological Maps	03:14
Sequence Tagged Sites	04:46
Sanger Sequencing	07:31
Sequencing Larger Genomes	05:06
Comparative Genome Analysis	04:24
Coding and Noncoding DNA Sequences	04:13
Transposable Elements	05:29
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms	03:38
BRCA2 Gene	03:48
Expressed Sequence Tags	03:20
Using Microarrays to Detect Cancers – Genomics	04:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Genomics“

Introduction to Physiology	05:25
Homeostasis: Definition & Level of Organization	09:15
Control and Regulation	07:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Physiology – Introduction & Central Principles“

Cell Membranes & Organelle Membranes	05:03
Lipid Bilayer: Structure & Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid	07:49
Aquaporin (AQP): Definition, Structure & Function	03:57
Ion Channels: Definition, Types & Function	04:43
ATPases	06:35
Solute Carriers (SLC Transporters)	06:38
Cell Signaling	04:11
Cell Signaling: Signal Reception	09:37
Extracellular & Intracellular Signaling: Receptor Modifications	03:30
Signal Amplification & Dissemination	07:23
Membrane Potential: Ion Concentration	03:57
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) & Intracellular Fluid (ICF)	07:36
Ion Manipulation	04:51
Action Potential	05:33
Surface Modifications of Epithelial Cells	07:18
Membrane and Transepithelial Potential	03:50
Fenestration & Endothelial Transport	05:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Membrane Physiology“

Introduction to Body Temperature Regulation	04:39
Body Temperature Evaluation	04:06
Circumventricular Organs (CVOs) & Blood-Brain Barrier	05:44
Hypothalamus: Body Temperature Regulation	03:15
Hyperthermia (Heat Stroke): Causes & Symptoms	02:52
Temperature Measurement	05:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Body Temperature Regulation“

Review of [H⁺] and pH	05:20
Blood pH: Acidosis & Alkalosis – Acid Base Balance	03:20
Acids, Bases and Buffers	04:27
Buffer: Definition & Titration Curves	03:40
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: Examples	01:53
ph Adjustment: Acid Handling	05:28
Renal reabsorption of HCO3 – Acid Base Balance	03:39
Titratable Acids	04:14
Ammonia: NH₃ & NH₄	03:25
Acid-Base Box	04:36
Respiratory Acidosis & Alkalosis	12:05
Metabolic Acidosis & Alkalosis	06:35
Anion Gap & Osmolar Gap	04:57
Renal Tubular Acidosis: Types & Acid-Base Summary	07:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Acid-Base Balance“

Introduction and Early Development	03:06
Fertilization to Bilaminar Embryo	08:19
Gastrulation and the Trilaminar Embryo	09:53
Ectoderm Derivatives and Neurulation	08:40
Mesoderm Derivatives: Paraxial and Intermediate Mesoderm	04:56
Mesoderm Derivatives: Lateral Plate Mesoderm and Body Wall	03:43
Endoderm Derivatives and Gut Tube	06:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Early Development and the Organogenic Period“

Embryology: Introduction	05:56
Central Enigma – Embryology	02:53
Early Stages of Development – Embryology	03:16
Positional Information – Embryology	05:17
Can a Tumor Have a Baby? – Embryology	06:27
Aging After Birth – Embryology	01:46
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis: Introduction	07:25
Fertilization – Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis	04:14
In Vitro Fertilization – Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis	02:21
Cell Division After Fertilization – Week 1 of Embryogenesis	04:16
Hatching and Implantation – Week 1 of Embryogenesis	07:24
Ectopic Pregnancy – Week 1 of Embryogenesis	04:41
Assisted Reproductive Technology – Week 1 of Embryogenesis	05:28
Gastrulation – the Most Important Thing – Week 3 of Embryogenesis	05:16
Neurulation – Week 2 of Embryogenesis	03:59
Neural Tube Defects – Week 2 of Embryogenesis	05:17
Twinning – Week 2 of Embryogenesis	03:43
Major Development Periods – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	05:23
Embryonic Period – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	07:30
Developmental Abnormalities – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	05:44
Causes of Developmental Abnormalities – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	03:14
Environmental Causes of Abnormalities – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	04:47
Role of Prenatal Diagnosis – Weeks 3-8 of Embryogenesis	05:10
Human Egg Implantation – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	04:17
Embryo Folding – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	04:56
Uterus Cavity – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	02:27
Twins in the Uterus – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	01:48
Placenta – Embryo Folding, Embryonic Cavities and Placenta	04:42
Gastrulation – 3 Germ Layers	02:28
Derivatives – 3 Germ Layers	05:07
Ectoderm and Mesoderm – 3 Germ Layers	04:30
Endoderm – 3 Germ Layers	01:46
Interactions Between Tissues – 3 Germ Layers	04:54
Formation of the Primitive Streak – Neurulation	03:19
Embryo Folding and Regionalization of the Brain – Neurulation	05:47
Varieties of Dysraphic Condition – Neurulation	01:57
Neural Tube Defects – Neurulation	03:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Embryology: Early Stages with John McLachlan“

Overview – Introduction to Biochemistry	03:46
History – Introduction to Biochemistry	05:43
Structure – Amino Acids	06:38
R-group Categories – Amino Acids	02:10
Hydrophobic R-groups – Amino Acids	05:33
Hydrophilic and Ionic R-groups – Amino Acids	04:56
Ionization – Amino Acids	07:17
Peptide Bonds – Peptides	03:19
Polypeptides – Peptides	04:17
Levels of Protein Structure and Primary Structure – Peptides	02:58
Secondary Structure – Peptides	08:13
Tertiary Structure – Peptides	05:40
Quaternary Structure and Summary – Peptides	03:19
Structure of Proteins – Protein Movement and Cell Signaling	04:45
Globular Structural Proteins – Protein Movement and Cell Signaling	02:19
Communication and Signaling – Protein Movement and Cell Signaling	07:39
Involved Proteins – Protein Movement and Cell Signaling	05:07
Antibodies – Protein Functions	02:57
Gene Expression – Protein Functions	03:36
Catalysis – Protein Functions	05:11
Protein Transport – Protein Functions	02:11
Oxygen Transport – Protein Functions	05:17
Sodium-potassium ATPase – Protein Functions	04:28
Saccharides – Simple Carbohydrates	01:54
Common Sugars: Nomenclature & Structure – Simple Carbohydrates	06:35
Cyclization & Cyclic Forms – Simple Carbohydrates	06:34
Modified Sugars – Simple Carbohydrates	02:17
Glycosides and Disaccharides – Complex Carbohydrates	03:34
Polysaccharides – Complex Carbohydrates	04:01
Lipid Links – Complex Carbohydrates	02:48
Glycosaminoglycans – Complex Carbohydrates	03:53
Protein Links – Complex Carbohydrates	04:55
Peptidoglycans – Complex Carbohydrates	02:31
Proteoglycans – Complex Carbohydrates	02:55
Overview and Introduction on Fatty Acids – Lipids	03:25
Fatty Acids – Lipids	03:49
Glycerolipids and Glycerophospholipids – Lipids	05:06
Sphingolipids – Lipids	02:43
Polyketides – Lipids	01:01
Overview, Isoprenoids and Sterols – Lipids	03:51
Steroid Hormones – Lipids	03:14
Other Lipids and Their Function – Lipids	06:03
Fat Soluble Vitamins – Lipids	04:36
Structure of Membranes – Biological Membranes	01:12
Lipid Bilayer – Biological Membranes	02:17
Bilayer Composition – Biological Membranes	06:26
Membrane Fluidity – Biological Membranes	02:13
Diffusion – Biological Membranes	04:59
Active Transport: Sodium-potassium Atpase – Biological Membranes	05:18
Active Transport: Sodium-calcium Exchanger – Biological Membranes	02:49
Transporter and Transport Proteins Types – Biological Membranes	03:11
Ion Channel – Biological Membranes	05:55
Ion Channel Blocker and Opener – Biological Membranes	05:27
Nucleotides – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	04:17
Structure and Topology of DNA – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	05:22
DNA Replication – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	01:14
Transcription – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	06:20
Messenger RNAs – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	04:06
Structure of TRNA and RRNA – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	05:51
Genetic Code – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	04:54
TRNA Charging and Ribosomes – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	02:22
Translation – DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code	04:20
Energy Considerations – Oxidation and Reduction in Metabolism	05:40
Metabolism – Oxidation and Reduction in Metabolism	07:08
Oxidation and Reduction – Oxidation and Reduction in Metabolism	02:46
Electron Carriers – Oxidation and Reduction in Metabolism	02:41
Catabolism and Anabolism — Metabolism and Regulation	04:16
Metabolic Pathways – Metabolism and Regulation	02:38
Regulation of Enzymatic Activity – Metabolism and Regulation	04:32
Allosterism – Metabolism and Regulation	03:02
Covalent Modification – Metabolism and Regulation	03:00
Gene Expression – Metabolism and Regulation	02:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Biochemistry: Basics“

Background of Enzymatic Reactions – Enzyme Catalysis	06:38
Enzymes: Activation Energy and Mechanisms — Enzyme Catalysis	04:54
Serine Proteases – Enzyme Catalysis	11:25
Kinetic Considerations – Enzyme Catalysis	07:19
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics – Enzyme Catalysis	04:52
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics: Considerations – Enzyme Classification	04:12
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics: Parameters – Enzyme Classification	06:21
Perfect Enzyme and Lineweaver Burk Plot – Enzyme Classification	05:19
Catalysis Considerations – Enzyme Classification	07:48
Binding of Multiple Substrates – Enzyme Classification	05:37
Classification of Enzymes – Enzyme Classification	03:42
Competitive Reversible Enzyme Inhibition – Enzyme Inhibitors	06:38
Non-competitive Reversible Inhibition – Enzyme Inhibitors	04:04
Uncompetitive Reversible Enzyme Inhibition – Enzyme Inhibitors	03:27
Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition: Suicide – Enzyme Inhibitors	01:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics“

Amino Acid Metabolism: Introduction	02:21
α-ketoglutarate Family and Glutamine Synthesis Uses Glutamine Synthetase	08:10
Proline and Arginine Synthesis	05:39
Serine Family and Methionine Catabolism	06:18
Cysteine Metabolism	04:51
Aspartate Family and Asparagine Metabolism	03:59
Methionine, Threonine and Lysine Metabolism	05:10
Aromatic Family: Tryptophan	04:02
Aromatic Family: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine	05:57
Tyrosine: Precursor of Thyroid Hormones	06:52
Pyruvate Family: Alanine Metabolism	03:31
Leucine (LEU), Valine (VAL), Isoleucine (ILE) and Histidine (HIS) Metabolism	05:59
Amino Acid Catabolism	08:56
Nitrogen, Nitrogen Cycle and Excretion of Nitrogen	03:12
Glutamate: Central Role	04:58
Urea Cycle	05:07
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Reaction and Citrulline	05:16
Argininosuccinate Synthetase	04:43
Urea Cycle and Disease	03:36
Nitrites and Nitrosamines	04:24
Reactive Nitrogen Species	05:20
Heme: Introduction	02:37
Heme Synthesis	09:07
Porphyrias	02:51
Iron Transport and Storage	08:58
Regulation of Iron Transport	08:49
Hemoglobin and Movement of Oxygen: Introduction	05:10
Cooperativity	06:39
Bohr Effect	05:29
2,3 BPG	05:08
Movement of CO₂	04:43
Fetal Hemoglobin	04:01
Sickle Cell Anemia	06:17
Biochemistry of Bilirubin	05:03
Biochemistry of Bilirubin: Biliverdin Reductase	04:33
Enterohepatic Circulation and Health	05:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Amino Acid Metabolism“

Vitamin A: Introduction	07:08
Vitamin A: Steps in Light Detection	05:54
Vitamin A: Color Detection, Visual Cycle and Retinoic Acid Function	06:03
Vitamin D: Introduction	04:39
Vitamin D3 and Calcium	05:54
Vitamin D and Calcium Levels	05:39
Vitamin D and Intracellular Actions	08:35
Vitamin K	09:35
Vitamin E	08:05
Vitamin B12	06:44
Folate Metabolism and Recycling	07:45
Folate Metabolism Overview and Health	04:44
Quiz zum Kurs „Vitamins“

Hormones and Signal Transduction: Introduction	06:46
Receptors and Messengers	09:52
G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)	06:01
Actions of the Second Messenger and Protein Kinase A	05:16
β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling	09:17
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling	09:09
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)	07:28
Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Steroid Hormone Signaling	04:26
Non-Hormone Signaling and Nerve Transmission	06:10
Signaling Gone Wild	06:56
HER2 Receptor and Bcr-Abl	05:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Hormones and Signal Transduction“

Introduction – RNA Basics	01:21
Structures and Functions – RNA Basics	05:15
Gene Expression in a Prokaryotic System – RNA Basics	07:37
Lac Operon – RNA Basics	06:38
Eukaryotic Gene Expression – Complexity of RNA Structure	10:05
Epigenetics – Complexity of RNA Structure	02:16
Transcription – Complexity of RNA Structure	05:27
RNA Polymerase – Complexity of RNA Structure	05:34
RNA Processing	06:59
RNA Splicing	07:13
Catalytic RNAs	02:44
RNA Interference	07:50
Genetic Code	10:57
Collagen: Background	05:30
Biochemistry of Collagen	08:53
Clinical Biochemistry	07:58
Quiz zum Kurs „RNA and the Genetic Code“

Introduction – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	02:57
Glycolysis: Glucose –> G6-P –> F6-P – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	04:30
Glycolysis: F6-P –> F1,6-P – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	04:44
Glycolysis: F1,6P –> DHAP – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	03:36
Glycolysis: Dhap –> Ga3-P – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	01:56
Glycolysis: GAP –> 1,3 BPG – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	01:42
Glycolysis: 1,3 BPG –> 3-PG – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	01:31
Glycolysis: 3-PG –> 2-PG – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	07:35
Pyruvate Kinase & Summary Glycolysis – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	02:45
Fate of Pyruvate – Glycolysis and Pyruvate Metabolism	05:59
Gluconeogenesis: Metabolism of Galactose	03:27
Gluconeogenesis: Metabolism of Fructose	04:25
Gluconeogenesis: Synthesis of Glucose	02:33
Gluconeogenesis: Reactions	07:15
Gluconeogenesis: Regulation and Glycolysis	06:58
Glycogen Metabolism: Introduction	01:53
Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogen Breakdown	06:08
Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogen Synthesis	03:35
Glycogen Metabolism: Regulation of Glycogen	10:50
Glycogen Metabolism: Insulin Signaling and Summary	03:34
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway: Introduction	02:34
Pathway Overview and Reactions – Part 1	05:02
Pathway Overview and Reactions – Part 2	09:13
Introduction to the Citric Acid Cycle	10:00
Citric Acid Cycle	10:16
Glyoxylate Cycle	05:28
Ketone Body Metabolism	03:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Carbohydrate Metabolism“

DNA Amplification – Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology	10:25
Microarray Analysis – Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology	06:43
Proteomics (2d Gel Analysis) – Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology	06:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology“

DNA Replication	03:09
DNA Polymerase	08:08
Other Replication Proteins	06:38
Replication Fork	02:26
Leading and Lagging Strand	05:24
Telomeres	04:35
DNA Repair	05:21
Quiz zum Kurs „DNA Replication and Repair“

Background – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	01:37
Allosteric Control – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	11:13
Covalent Modification Control – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	06:11
Zymogens and Chemical Modifications – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	03:41
Gene Expression Control – Metabolic Control of Enzyme Activity	06:31
Energy Considerations: Catabolic and Anabolic Processes	01:11
Futile Cycle	02:34
Reciprocal Regulation	02:38
Role of the Liver	00:58
Cori Cycle	02:36
Hormonal Control	08:42
Glycogen Metabolism	05:04
Hormonal Control/Signaling	01:49
Control of Fat Metabolism	03:34
Control of Enzyme Activity	01:53
Role of Kinase a and Effect of Insulin	04:12
Pathway Regulation	01:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Metabolic Control“

Fat Breakdown and Synthesis	03:37
Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids	09:27
Oxidation of Unsaturated and Other Fatty Acids	05:05
Fatty Acid Synthesis	09:54
Syntheses of Other Fatty Acids	01:51
Steroids and Bile Acids: Mevalonate Pathway I	01:55
Steroids and Bile Acids: Ketone Body Synthesis	03:05
Steroids and Bile Acids: Mevalonate Pathway II	03:59
Steroids and Bile Acids: Cholesterol Synthesis	02:58
Steroids and Bile Acids: Movement of Cholesterol	08:19
Steroids and Bile Acids: Receptor-mediated Endocytosis	00:59
Steroids and Bile Acids: Steroid Hormone Metabolism	03:45
Synthesis of Glycerophospholipids – Membrane Lipid Metabolism	07:20
Synthesis of Sphingolipids – Membrane Lipid Metabolism	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Lipid Metabolism“

Nucleotide Metabolism: Introduction and De novo Purine Metabolism	09:11
Paths to Guanine and Adenine Nucleotides	04:06
Purine de novo Metabolism Regulation	04:41
Pyrimidine de novo Metabolism: ATCase Reaction	05:29
Pyrimidine de novo Metabolism: OMP Decarboxylase and Synthesis of UTP & CTP	05:22
Catabolism of Guanine Nucleotides and Adenine Nucleotides	04:15
Catabolism of Guanine & Hypoxanthine and Purine Nucleotide Salvage	06:43
Pyrimidine Catabolism and Salvage Reactions	04:13
Deoxyribonucleotide Synthesis and Ribonucleotide Reductase	05:57
Nucleotide Metabolism and Thymidine Metabolism	06:37
Thymidylate Synthase and Recycling of Folates	06:18
Nucleoside Analogs and Deoxyadenosine Analogs	04:51
Analogs: Adenosine, Deoxycytidine, Guanosine/Deoxyguanosine, Thymidine, Deoxyuridine	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism“

The Mammalian Cell: Introduction	09:10
Cell Structure	08:31
Cell Sizes	16:12
Mammalian Cell: Structural Components and Their Functions	09:12
Nucleus, Nucleolus and Chromatin	14:29
Mitochondrion	04:16
Ribosome & Endoplasmic Reticulum	07:11
Golgi Apparatus	06:01
Lysosome	06:01
Cytoplasmic Inclusions, Cytoskeleton and Interphase of the Cell Cycle	13:16
Epithelial Cells	13:28
Conducting Cells	06:54
Contractile Cells, Electrolyte & Water-transporting Cells	08:17
Protein-secreting, Mucus-secreting & Steroid-secreting Cells	10:43
Quiz zum Kurs „The Mammalian Cell“

Preparation of Tissue for Microscopic Examination	08:38
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E Stain)	13:07
Special Stains: Giemsa Stain, Silver Stain, Reticulin Stain, Van Gieson Stain and more	19:33
Resolving Power of Microscope	05:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Histological Techniques and Staining“

Introduction to the Connective Tissue	03:00
What Are the Properties of Connective Tissues?	03:29
How Are Connective Tissues Classified?	10:56
Other Common Named Locations	06:42
Histological Distinction and Extracellular Constituents	07:01
Cells: Introduction	04:16
Cells: Macrophages	03:25
Cells: Mast Cell and Adipocyte	03:59
Cells: Adult Stem Cell Niches, Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell	06:15
Cartilage	05:08
3 Types of Cartilages	17:48
Does Cartilage Grow and can it be Repaired?	06:09
Quiz zum Kurs „Connective Tissue“

Structure of Bones	04:19
Different Types of Bone	11:02
Osteon	10:54
How Do Osteocytes Receive Their Nutrients?	04:14
Introduction to Bone Formation & Growth	05:12
Immature Bone	02:54
Bone Cells	07:43
Bone Formation	08:42
Bone Growth	06:43
Mineralization of the Bone Matrix	07:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Bone Tissue“

Bone Marrow and Hematopoiesis	02:55
Hematopoiesis	02:53
Erythropoiesis	04:33
Stages of Erythropoiesis	05:55
Thrombopoiesis and Granulopoiesis	04:12
Stages of Granulopoiesis: Myelocyte	04:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Bone Marrow“

Blood: Introduction	07:56
Blood: Red and White Blood Cells	07:54
Blood: Neutrophils	04:30
Blood: Eosinophils and Basophils	03:47
Blood: Lymphocytes and Monocytes	03:17
Blood: Thrombocytes	07:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Blood“

Muscle Tissue: Introduction	03:41
How Is Muscle Tissue Classified?	11:58
Organization of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber	09:47
Sarcomere	10:45
Innervation of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber	07:38
Histology of the Three Muscle Types, and Their Responses to Stress and Injury	06:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Muscle Tissue“

Organization of the Nervous System	08:19
Major Components of Nerve Tissue	02:49
Neuron	07:38
Major Types of Neurons	07:37
Synapses Are Junctions between Neurons	01:42
Spinal Cord	06:59
The Size of the Gray Matter Varies	03:29
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System	03:27
Arrangement and Locations of Motor and Sensory Neurons	07:15
Dorsal Root Ganglion	02:18
Functional Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System	03:34
Autonomic Ganglion	02:03
Enteric Ganglion	02:27
Structure of Peripheral Nerves and Brain	07:18
The Structure of a Peripheral Nerve	04:59
Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons	03:12
Neuroglial Cells	05:26
Brain	06:03
Meninges	04:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Nerve Tissue“

Epithelium: Introduction	04:29
Epithelium: Classification	10:00
Epithelium: Epithelial Cells Exhibit Polarity	06:45
Epithelium: How Are Epithelial Cells Joined Together?	03:25
Epithelium: Surfaces of Epithelial Cells	03:01
Epithelium: Basement Membrane	03:41
Exocrine Glands	03:51
How Do Exocrine Glands Release Their Secretory Products?	02:40
How Are Exocrine Glands Classified and Named?	04:20
Mucous and Serous Glands	03:52
Lobes, Lobules and Cytogenesis	06:36
Names of Ducts of Glands	08:36
Mucosa and Serosa	07:15
Skin (Integumentary System)	16:58
Cells of the Epidermis	06:55
The Skin is a Large Sensory Receptor Organ	06:07
Skin Appendages	15:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Epithelial Tissue“

Neoplasia, Dysplasia, Tumor and Cancer: Differentiating Definitions– Neoplasia	04:55
Types of Tumors: Tissue, Benign and Malignant – Neoplasia	03:48
Benign Neoplasm and Teratoma – Neoplasia	06:39
Malignant Neoplasms – Neoplasia	03:29
Bronchogenic Carcinoma, Osteogenic Sarcoma & Grading– Neoplasia	05:54
Diagnosis of Cancer – Neoplasia	05:38
Malignant Neoplasm: Invasion and Metastasis – Neoplasia	05:18
Metastasis and Bone Metastasis – Neoplasia	07:41
Epidemiology of Cancer – Neoplasia	04:37
Introduction to Carcinogenesis – Carcinogenesis	04:49
Carcinogenic Chemicals – Carcinogenesis	07:45
Ultraviolet Radiation: Excision Repair & Carcinogen – Carcinogenesis	05:07
Ionizing Radiation – Carcinogenesis	04:53
DNA Virus – Carcinogenesis	07:18
DNA Repair Defects & Neoplastic Molecular Markers – Carcinogenesis	11:51
Four Classes of Normal Regulatory Genes & Signal Transduction – Carcinogenesis	06:58
Proto-Oncogenes & Mechanisms of Oncogene Activation – Carcinogenesis	04:48
Oncogenes – Carcinogenesis	06:06
Cell Cycle: Cyclin D – Carcinogenesis	13:29
RAS Protein & Signal Transduction – Carcinogenesis	07:09
Tumor Suppressor Genes: Definition and Inactivation – Carcinogenesis	07:08
Paraneoplastic Syndromes – Carcinogenesis	05:26
Retinoblastoma – Carcinogenesis	09:07
Tumor Suppressor Genes: VHL, WT, NF, BRCA, DCC – Carcinogenesis	06:30
Regulation of Apoptosis and Clonality– Carcinogenesis	02:55
Tumor Progression: Adenoma Carcinoma Sequence – Carcinogenesis	05:46
Paraneoplastic Endocrinopathies – Carcinogenesis	06:42
Acute Inflammation: Signs & Symptoms – Inflammation and Wound Repair	05:24
Acute Inflammation: Stages – Inflammation and Wound Repair	12:59
Phagocytosis – Inflammation and Wound Repair	11:00
Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Myeloperoxidase & Arachidonic Acid – Inflammation and Wound Repair	06:37
Complement System & Chronic Inflammation – Inflammation and Wound Repair	06:54
Wound Healing: Primary Intention – Inflammation and Wound Repair	05:21
Wound Healing: Impaired Healing – Inflammation and Wound Repair	03:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Pathology: Basic Principles with Carlo Raj“

Introduction: Pathogens and the Immune System	05:29
Immune Response	07:35
Strategies to Eliminate Pathogens	05:06
Organization of the Immune System	05:07
Cells of the Innate Immune Response	03:26
Phagocytic Cells	07:23
Dendritic Cells, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells	04:05
Cells of the Adaptive Immune System	00:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Immune System: Overview and Cells“

Introduction: The Innate Immune Response	02:46
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)	06:59
Inflammatory Signaling and Inflammasomes	05:20
Acute Phase Response	07:19
Acute Inflammation	04:50
Chronic Inflammation	04:12
Complement System	10:23
Acute inflammatory, Type I interferon and NK cell responses	08:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Innate Immune System“

Recognition of Antigens – Lymphocyte Development	04:51
B-Cell Development in the Bone Marrow – Lymphocyte Development	12:29
Immunoglobulin Genes and Recombination – Lymphocyte Development	08:48
Mediation of Antigen Receptor Genetic Recombination – Lymphocyte Development	05:00
Antibody Variable Region Diversity – Lymphocyte Development	06:13
Junctional Diversity, N-Nucleotide Addition and Somatic Hypermutation – Lymphocyte Development	05:53
Class Switch Recombination, Co-Expression and B-Cell Development – Lymphocyte Development	06:36
T-Cell Development – Lymphocyte Development	06:48
T-Cell Development in Thymus and Genetic Recombination of TCR – Lymphocyte Development	04:55
Natural Killer T-Cells (NKT-Cells) – Lymphocyte Development	03:12
Overview of Lymphoid Tissues – Lymphocyte Activation	00:57
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues – Lymphocyte Activation	08:14
Germinal Center – Lymphocyte Activation	03:02
B- and T-Cell Activation – Lymphocyte Activation	04:36
B-Cell Differentiation – Lymphocyte Activation	05:19
Migration and Maturation of Interdigitating Dendritic Cells and T-Cell Differentiation – Lymphocyte Activation	05:53
Costimulation – Lymphocyte Activation	04:02
Introduction to Lymphocyte Recirculation – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	01:20
Blood/Lymphatic Circulation and High Endothelial Venules – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	07:23
Chemokines – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:31
Migration of Central Memory and Effector Memory T-Cells – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:58
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	03:59
Trafficking and Homing – Lymphocyte Recirculation and Homing	09:05
Introduction – Antigen Processing and Presentation	00:58
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) – Antigen Processing and Presentation	04:53
Polymorphism and TCR Recognition of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	05:34
Diversity of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	04:41
Structure of Major Histocompatibility Complex – Antigen Processing and Presentation	06:37
Main Pathways and Endogenous/Exogenous Antigens – Antigen Processing and Presentation	08:18
Cross-Presentation – Antigen Processing and Presentation	02:46
Presentation of Lipid Antigens by CD1 – Antigen Processing and Presentation	01:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Adaptive Immune System“

Humoral Immunity: Introduction	00:55
Humoral Immunity: T-Dependent, T-Independent Antigens, and Class Switching	04:05
Humoral Immunity: Structure of Antibodies and Immunoglobulin Domains	08:15
Humoral Immunity: Antibody Polymers and Antibody Binding to Antigens	06:17
Humoral Immunity: Function of Antibodies	07:55
Cell-mediated Immunity: Introduction	02:50
Cell-mediated Immunity: Gamma-Delta T-Cells, T-Cell Receptor, and Alpha-Beta T-Cells	07:57
Cell-mediated Immunity: Th0, Th1, and Th2 Cells	05:30
Cell-mediated Immunity: Regulatory T-Cells, Cytotoxic T-Cells, Macrophages, and Intraepithelial Lymphocytes	06:36
Cell-mediated Immunity: Cytokines, Interferons, Interleukins, and Colony Stimulating Factors	05:30
Cell-mediated Immunity: Chemokines, Tumor Necrosis Factors, and Transforming Growth Factors	02:51
Cell-mediated Immunity: Functional Modes of Cytokines and Cytokine Receptor Signaling	04:25
Cell-mediated Immunity: Therapeutic Blocking of Pathological Cytokines and Therapeutic Cytokines	02:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Humoral Immunity and Cell-mediated Immunity“

Introduction – Primary Immunodeficiency	05:13
Complement Deficiencies – Primary Immunodeficiency	04:06
Phagocytic Cell Disorders – Primary Immunodeficiency	05:18
Autoinflammatory Disorders – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:25
Mutations Affecting T-Cell Maturation	02:17
B-Cell Immunodeficiencies: Common Variable Immunodeficiency, X-linked Agammaglobulinemia and Selective IgA Deficiency – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:54
T-Cell Immunodeficiencies: Hyper IgM Syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and MHC Class II Deficiency – Primary Immunodeficiency	08:30
Primary Immunodeficiencies Associated with Autoimmune Disease	03:21
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) – Primary Immunodeficiency	04:23
Diagnosis – Primary Immunodeficiency	03:54
Treatment – Primary Immunodeficiency	02:37
Introduction – Secondary Immunodeficiency	03:41
Causes: Immaturity & Pregnancy – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	05:09
Causes: Aging & Infections – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	04:03
HIV Infection and HIV Life Cycle– Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	06:06
HIV Disease: Clinical Course, Treatment & Prophylaxis – Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases	06:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Immunodeficiency and Immune Deficiency Diseases“

Introduction to Hypersensitivity	01:42
Hypersensitivity: Types	04:42
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 – Causes	07:18
Allergy: Genetics and IgE	02:29
IgE, Mast Cells and Eosinophils	04:40
Allergy: Diagnosis, Therapy and Treatment of Asthma	06:11
Hypersensitivity: Type 2	08:46
Hypersensitivity: Type 3	02:32
Hypersensitivity: Type 4	03:17
Introduction to Autoimmune Diseases	02:14
Immune Tolerance and Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE)	04:29
Genetic Susceptibility to Autoimmune Diseases and Mechanisms	08:46
Autoimmune Diseases: Types	03:25
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia	04:56
Goodpasture's Syndrome, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Graves' Disease and Type I Diabetes	06:31
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)	03:11
Acute Rheumatic Fever	01:02
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	03:18
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)	03:56
Celiac Disease	01:59
Autoimmune Diseases: Therapy	03:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune Disease“

Introduction to the Problems and Rules of Transplantation	04:28
Allograft Rejection and Blood Transfusion	06:22
Blood Transfusion	02:02
Direct and Indirect Alloantigen Recognition	06:10
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and MHC Disparity	06:47
Tissue Typing, Immunosuppressive Drugs and GVHD	04:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Transplantation Immunology“

Introduction to Tumor Immunology	00:45
Leukemia, Lymphoma & Myeloma	07:07
Immune Response to Tumors: Tumor Antigens and Antitumor Immunity	08:56
Tumor-Infiltrating NK Cells	04:52
Tumor Evasion of the Immune Response and Immune Checkpoint Blockade	02:42
Monoclonal Antibodies and Nonspecific Immunotherapy	07:04
Tumor Vaccines	03:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumor Immunology“

Introduction to Vaccination	05:15
History of Vaccination	04:32
Vaccine Components: Antigen, Carrier and Adjuvant	04:20
Types of Vaccines (1): Live Attenuated Vaccines and Inactivated Vaccines	04:40
Vaccination: Subunit Vaccines, Toxoid Vaccines, Conjugate Vaccines	06:20
Future Needs for Vaccines: Influenza, COVID, Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV	08:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vaccine Immunology“

Introduction to Immunodiagnostics	01:03
Immunodiagnostic Methods: Agglutination, Nephelometry, Immunoprecipitation and Radial Immunodiffusion	04:13
Electrophoresis and Western Blot	03:45
Immunoassays: ELISA, RIA and Luminex™	04:57
Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry	03:38
Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)	06:16
Evaluation of Cellular Activity	06:52
Preparation of Antibodies	08:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Immunodiagnostics“

Important Concepts and Terms — Introduction to Microbiology	04:22
Fungi — Introduction to Microbiology	03:01
Protozoa – Introduction to Microbiology	04:52
The Concept of Microorganisms – Introduction to Microbiology	03:43
Surviving the Extremes of Life – Introduction to Microbiology	01:50
Metabolic Wizardry – Introduction to Microbiology	03:52
Why do we Care About Microbes? – Introduction to Microbiology	03:17
Bacteria and Bacterial Structure – Bacteria	06:11
Gram-positive Solution – Bacteria	03:43
Gram-negative Solution – Bacteria	06:14
Bacterial Interior – Bacteria	03:49
Making a Bacterial Cell – Bacteria	04:37
Fueling in Heterotrophs – Bacteria	04:13
Harnessing Bacteria – Bacteria	03:24
Bacteria Exchange DNA – Bacteria	02:49
Virus Overview – Viruses	05:15
How 'infected' are we? – Viruses	05:02
Good Viruses – Viruses	04:05
Are Viruses Alive? – Viruses	01:55
Viruses are Very Small – Viruses	04:04
Viruses are not as Small as we Once Thought! – Viruses	03:01
How old are Viruses? – Viruses	02:15
Virus Discovery – Viruses	04:21
We Continue to Discover new Viruses – Viruses	05:30
Eukaryotic Microbes – Fungi	05:36
Yeasts – Fungi	04:13
Pathogenic Yeasts – Fungi	06:16
Filamentous Fungi (Molds) – Fungi	03:11
Indoor Molds – Fungi	03:11
Histoplasmosis – Fungi	04:13
Global Warming and Fungal Diseases – Fungi	03:32
Introduction to Parasites	02:35
Protozoa – Parasites	03:58
Classification of Protozoan Parasites – Parasites	02:46
Helminths (Worms) – Parasites	05:40
Nematodes (Roundworms) and Cestodes (Flatworms) - Parasites	02:57
Schistosomes – Parasites	04:22
Estimated Worldwide Prevalence of Parasitic Infections – Parasites	01:40
Introduction – Prions	04:13
Scrapie – Prions	03:03
Inactivation of Scrapie Infectivity – Prions	03:14
Current View of Prions – Prions	04:15
Sporadic CJD – Prions	02:58
Forced Cannibalism Spreads BSE – Prions	03:10
Chronic Wasting Disease – Prions	02:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Microbiology: Introduction“

Human Microbiome	06:00
Infection Basics	03:20
Bacteria Spread	03:55
Exotoxins and Type III Cytotoxins – Bacterial Toxins	05:33
Endotoxin – Bacterial Toxins	05:16
Membrane-damaging Toxins and Extracellular Matrix Toxins – Bacterial Toxins	02:20
Antimicrobial Compounds	02:14
Antimicrobial Resistance	07:07
Staphylococci	03:58
Abscesses – Staphylococcus Aureus	09:01
Toxin-mediated Diseases – Staphylococcus Infection	04:31
Group A Streptococci	07:20
Streptococcus Pneumoniae	06:29
Enteric Bacteria	03:17
Vibrio Cholerae – Enteric Bacteria	07:03
Escherichia Coli – Enteric Bacteria	15:15
Shigella – Enteric Bacteria	04:05
Salmonella – Enteric Bacteria	06:38
Clinical Types of Intestinal Infection	02:45
Bacillus	11:02
Clostridium	12:16
Clostridial Infections	10:52
Listeria Monocytogenes	07:00
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae	06:46
Actinomyces Species	04:29
Nocardia Species	05:50
Mycobacterium	02:22
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis	17:03
Mycobacterium Leprae	04:29
Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare	04:07
Neisseria Meningitidis	13:08
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa	11:05
Legionella Pneumophila	11:34
Francisella Tularensis	07:02
Bordetella Pertussis	10:02
Brucella Species	06:05
Campylobacter Jejuni	07:18
Helicobacter Pylori	10:05
Klebsiella Pneumoniae	06:25
Yersinia	00:54
Yersinia Pestis	10:46
Yersinia Enterocolitica	04:40
Proteus Mirabilis	04:23
Haemophilus	01:56
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B	09:54
Haemophilus Ducreyi	02:08
Gardnerella Vaginalis	04:11
Pasteurella	05:18
Bacteroides	06:18
Treponema	08:29
Syphilis – Treponema Pallidum	17:06
Yaws, Pinta, and Bejel – The Endemic Treponematoses	03:39
Borrelia	06:31
Lyme Disease – Borreliella burgdorferi	07:22
Relapsing Fever – Borrelia	05:06
Leptospira	05:53
Chlamydia	05:55
Chlamydia Trachomatis	13:28
Chlamydia Psittaci	01:10
Chlamydia Pneumoniae	01:57
Rickettsia	13:33
Mycoplasma	01:28
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae	16:47
Mycoplasma Hominis	01:19
Ureaplasma	03:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Bacteria“

How are Viruses Studied?	03:56
Viral Culture and Virus Quantification	05:46
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:45
Gapped Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:03
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	02:20
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) – RNA Virus Genomes	03:58
Positive-sense Single-stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	06:21
Negative-sense Single-stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	04:28
Ambisense RNA Virus Genomes	01:58
Genetic Engineering of Viruses	03:59
Breakthrough in Virology	05:34
Viral Genomes	05:14
Adenoviruses	11:23
Herpesviruses	05:12
Herpex Simplex Virus-1 and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 – Herpesviruses	11:46
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) – Herpesviruses	05:37
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) – Herpesviruses	07:39
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Herpesviruses	05:46
Roseolovirus (HHV-6 and HHV-7) – Herpesviruses	02:38
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) – Herpesviruses	04:01
Papillomaviruses	22:33
BK and JC Virus – Polyomaviruses	07:14
Poxviruses	04:39
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV) – Poxviruses	01:57
Hepatitis B Virus – Hepadnaviruses	12:15
B19 Parvovirus – Parvoviruses	07:58
Rotavirus and Colorado Tick Fever Virus – Reoviruses	08:17
Picornaviruses	01:47
Enteroviruses – Picornaviruses	13:24
Rhinoviruses – Picornaviruses	06:17
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) – Picornaviruses	06:07
Norwalk Virus and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) – Caliciviruses	05:23
Flaviviruses	01:06
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) – Flaviviruses	06:25
Arboviruses – Flaviviruses	08:16
Rubella and Other Togaviruses	11:09
Retroviruses	02:59
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – Retroviruses	09:24
AIDS-defining Diseases – Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)	17:15
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) – Hepeviruses	08:08
Paramyxoviruses	03:04
Measles Virus – Paramyxoviruses	06:41
Mumps Virus – Paramyxoviruses	03:17
Parainfluenza Viruses – Paramyxoviruses	05:57
Rabies Virus – Rhabdoviruses	09:01
Ebola and Marburg Viruses – Filoviruses	06:02
Influenza Viruses – Orthomyxoviruses	12:45
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) and Lassa Fever Virus – Arenaviruses	04:50
Bunyaviruses	02:20
Hantaviruses – Bunyaviruses	02:45
California Encephalitis Virus – Bunyaviruses	03:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Viruses“

Coronaviridae: Overview	07:52
Characteristics of COVID-19	02:28
COVID-19: Transmission	05:28
COVID-19: Basic Reproduction Number	04:29
COVID-19: Case Fatality Rate (CFR) & Infection Fatality Rate (IFR)	08:55
COVID-19: Epidemiology	11:00
COVID-19: Pathogenesis	08:09
COVID-19: Clinical Aspects	08:27
COVID-19: Complications	07:16
COVID-19: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:21
COVID-19: Prevention	05:42
COVID-19: Vaccines	06:00
COVID-19: Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Side Effects of Vaccines	08:00
COVID-19: Challenges and Prospects of Vaccine Development	04:58
COVID-19: Clinical Case	18:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Coronavirus“

Eukaryotic Microbes	08:31
Fungal Dimorphism	01:54
Fungal Infections	02:29
Sources of Fungal Infections	00:42
Antifungal Agents	02:25
Introduction to Fungi: Learning Outcomes	00:25
Endemic Mycoses: Overview	00:28
Histoplasmosis: Introduction – Endemic Mycoses	08:17
Histoplasmosis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention – Endemic Mycoses	02:49
Coccidiomycosis (Valley Fever) – Endemic Mycoses	09:52
Endemic Mycoses: Learning Outcomes	00:28
Opportunistic Infections: Introduction	00:30
Candidiasis – Opportunistic Infections	08:17
Cryptococcosis – Opportunistic Infections	04:03
Aspergillosis – Opportunistic Infections	04:37
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) – Opportunistic Infections	03:29
Opportunistic Infections: Learning Outcomes	00:44
Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses: Introduction	00:42
Sporotrichosis – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	05:05
Dermatophytes – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	06:06
Cutaneous Fungal Infections	09:36
Malassezia – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	02:53
Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses: Learning Outcomes	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Fungi“

Giardia lamblia – Protozoa (GI Infection)	05:17
Entamoeba Histolytica – Protozoa (GI Infection)	06:06
Cryptosporidium – Protozoa (GI Infection)	04:51
Cystoisospora – Protozoa (GI Infection)	04:49
Cyclospora – Protozoa (GI Infection)	05:34
Toxoplasma gondii – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	06:58
Toxoplasmosis – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	03:52
Trypanosoma brucei – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	08:06
African Trypanosomiasis – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	04:38
American Trypanosomiasis – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	07:23
Leishmania – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	12:38
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	04:05
Plasmodium – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	09:22
Malaria – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	06:42
Babesia – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	05:43
Trichomonas – Protozoa (Sexually Transmitted Infection)	05:00
Introduction to Helminths	02:28
Ascaris lumbricoides (Nematodes) – Helminths	08:48
Hookworms (Nematodes) – Helminths	04:54
Trichinella spiralis and Trichinosis (Nematodes) – Helminths	04:30
Taenia (Cestodes) – Helminths	05:49
Echinococcus (Cestodes) – Helminths	09:11
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosomiasis (Trematodes) – Helminths	07:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Parasites“

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSEs) of Humans	08:50
Pathogenesis – TSEs	03:53
Prion Protein – TSEs	02:00
Mad Cow Disease – TSEs	06:33
Molecular Test for TSE Prions – TSEs	04:38
Chronic Wasting Disease – TSEs	07:26
Origins of Prion Diseases – TSEs	02:30
TSEs: Learning Outcomes	00:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Prions“

Introduction to Kinetics | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:46
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	03:51
pKa and Drug Solubility – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	09:10
Drug Distribution – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	09:00
Phases of Drug Development – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:47
Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	06:46
Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	12:02
Introduction and Definitions of Pharmacodynamics – Pharmacodynamics	02:19
Drug Receptors and Effectors – Pharmacodynamics	03:00
Upregulation and Downregulation – Pharmacodynamics	00:53
Dose-Response, Binding, Quantal, Toxicity & Potency Curves – Pharmacodynamics	10:24
Introduction esp. Types of Eliminations – Elimination Kinetics	03:45
First Pass Metabolism – Elimination Kinetics	02:55
Bioavailability incl. Case Study – Elimination Kinetics	02:35
Dosage Calculation: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose – Elimination Kinetics	07:39
Intravenous vs. Oral Medications – Elimination Kinetics	01:16
Renal Clearance – Elimination Kinetics	05:18
Case Study: Correction for Renal Disease	10:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics“

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Overview	05:39
Dual Innervation	03:31
Alpha- and Beta-Blockers	04:19
Sympathetic Blockers	04:20
Sympathomimetic Activators	05:07
Sympathomimetic Effects	12:09
Global Effect of Sympathomimetic Drugs on the Vascular System	04:46
Cholinomimetic Activators and Effects	09:01
Cholinergic Toxicity, Myasthenic Crisis and Cholinergic Crisis	03:11
Anticholinergic Drugs	06:29
Quiz zum Kurs „ANS - Pharmacology“

Overview of Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs – Sedative Hypnotics	08:02
Benzodiazepines – Sedative Hypnotics	04:59
Barbiturates – Sedative Hypnotics	02:03
Atypical Sedative Drugs	08:11
Questions – Sedative Hypnotics	02:44
Case Study – Sedative Hypnotics	02:43
Overview – Antidepressants	02:11
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Antidepressants	03:36
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) – Antidepressants	03:10
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs)	06:43
SNRIs, Serotonin Antagonists and SSRIs – Antidepressants	09:07
Review – Antidepressants	01:07
Antidepressants: Case Study	02:29
Overview – Antipsychotics	01:27
Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Dopamine – Antipsychotics	02:55
Bipolar Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	05:24
Psychotic Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	03:10
Clinical Uses of Antipsychotics and Drug Induced Dyskinesia	03:27
Questions – Antipsychotics	02:39
Dopamine and Disease – Medication of Movement Disorders	03:53
Dopamine Precursors and Agonists – Treatment of Movement Disorders	06:36
MAO and COMT Inhibitors – Treatment of Movement Disorders	02:55
Amantadine and Anticholinergics – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:17
Medications for Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorders	09:29
Overview – Antiseizure Medications	05:19
Treatment Strategies – Antiseizure Medications	09:45
Levetiracetam (Keppra) – Antiseizure Medications	01:25
Questions – Antiseizure Medications	03:36
Overview – Anesthetic Drugs	00:55
Inhaled Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:52
General Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:07
Intravenous Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	03:29
Case Study – Anesthetic Drugs	02:02
Overview – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	01:48
Neuromuscular Blockers – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	07:05
Acute and Chronic Muscle Spasms – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	05:04
Questions – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	06:12
Overview – Local Anesthetics	05:39
Esters and Amides – Local Anesthetics	05:28
Overview – Opioid Analgesics	02:38
Opioid Agonists – Opioid Analgesics	05:38
Mixed Agonists/Antagonists and Antagonists – Opioid Analgesics	04:26
Questions – Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics	05:52
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS - Pharmacology“

Alcohols – Drugs of Abuse	06:10
Opioid Analgesics – Drugs of Abuse	05:49
Caffeine and Nicotine – Drugs of Abuse	02:41
Amphetamines – Drugs of Abuse	04:13
Cocaine – Drugs of Abuse	04:18
Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates and Ethanol – Drugs of Abuse	03:49
Hallucinogens: Psychodelics, Dissociatives and Deliriants – Drugs of Abuse	07:55
Inhalants: Anesthetics, Industrial Solvents and Organic Nitrites – Drugs of Abuse	05:33
Acetaminophen and Steroids – Drugs of Abuse	05:32
Drug Schedules and Controlled Substances – Drugs of Abuse	02:03
Cannabinoids: Introduction – Drugs of Abuse	09:04
Cannabinoids: Consumption and Hyperemesis Syndrome – Drugs of Abuse	07:19
Cannabinoids: Methods of Ingestion – Drugs of Abuse	30:34
Harm of Each Drug Type – Drugs of Abuse	06:24
Guidelines for Cannabinoid Use – Drugs of Abuse	03:51
Effects of Unrefined Marijuana – Drugs of Abuse	06:16
Cannabinoids: THC and CBD – Drugs of Abuse	09:58
Cannabinoids: Summary – Drugs of Abuse	02:19
Carbon Monoxide and Dioxins – Toxic Substances	02:41
Asbestos, PCB's, Herbicides & Pesticides – Toxic Substances	07:20
Toxicology Questions & Case Studies	09:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Toxicology“

Introduction to High Blood Pressure Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Diuretics – Drugs in Hypertension	08:44
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone – Drugs in Hypertension	08:59
Vasodilators – Drugs in Hypertension	06:35
Alpha Agonists – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Beta Blockers – Drugs in Hypertension	05:00
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors – Drugs in Hypertension	01:21
Lines of Therapy – Drugs in Hypertension	07:16
Pulmonary Hypertension Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	11:32
Questions and Case Studies – Drugs in Hypertension	05:27
Introduction – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:32
Nitrates – Heart Failure and Angina Management	05:25
Cardiac Depressants and Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:51
Metabolic Modifiers and Slow Sodium Channel Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:09
Inotropes – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:17
Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	03:05
Renin-Angiotensin Agents and Beta Blockers – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:12
Slow Sodium Channel and Neprilysin Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	08:58
Questions – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:36
Introduction – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	00:48
Group 1: Sodium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:59
Group 2: Beta Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:25
Group 3: Potassium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:25
Group 4: Calcium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	02:08
Group 5: Other Antiarrhythmics – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:39
Questions – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:51
Bile Acid Sequestrants, Niacin and Fibrates – Lipid Control	05:55
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors – Lipid Control	08:38
Fat Absorption and MTP Inhibitors – Lipid Control	02:28
PCSK9 Inhibitors – Lipid Control	07:46
Questions – Lipid Control	03:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Pharmacology“

Overview: Coagulant Drugs	00:55
Antiplatelets	07:38
Anticoagulants	10:02
Thrombolytics and Procoagulants	05:32
Questions: Coagulant Drugs	03:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacology of Blood Coagulation“

Introduction to Insulin	04:13
Insulin Types and Glycemic Excursions – Diabetes Medications	08:37
Secretagogues and Biguanides – Diabetes Medications	04:47
Metformin, Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors and Thiazolidinediones — Diabetes Medications	05:40
DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Analogues — Diabetes Medications	04:30
SGLT2 Inhibitors – Diabetes Medications	12:20
Case Studies – Diabetes Medications	01:59
Diabetes Medications – Summary	02:18
Overview – Adrenal Pharmacology	00:44
Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids – Adrenal Pharmacology	07:51
Catecholamines – Adrenal Pharmacology	02:40
Questions and Case Studies – Adrenal Pharmacology	05:11
Drugs for Hypothyroidism – Thyroid Medications	07:43
Drugs for Hyperthyroidism – Thyroid Medications	11:43
Hormonal Regulators: PTH and Vitamin D – Bone and Calcium Medications	06:44
Hormonal Regulators: Calcitonin, Estrogen and Glucocorticoids – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:20
Non-hormonal Regulators: Bisphosphonates, Fluoride and Calcimimetics – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:41
Biological Agents: RANKL Inhibitors – Bone and Calcium Medications	10:37
Case Studies – Bone and Calcium Medications	03:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Pharmacology“

Overview – Reproductive Pharmacology	02:03
Estrogens and Progestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	11:49
Anti-Estrogens and Antiprogestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	09:38
Androgens and Antiandrogens	06:53
Questions and Case Studies – Reproductive Pharmacology	05:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Pharmacology“

Pharmacology of Inflammation	07:26
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)	05:11
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)	03:12
COX-2 Inhibitors	02:14
Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Agents (DMARDS)	06:36
Immunosuppressive Drugs: Overview	06:19
Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 Inhibitor – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:39
T-Cell and B-Cell Inhibitors – Immunosuppressive Drugs	08:39
Case Study – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:57
Gout Medication: Colchicine, Uric Acid and More	06:16
Inflammation Pharmacology Questions	05:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammation Pharmacology“

Asthma Medications	02:01
Bronchodilators	03:13
Corticosteroids	02:03
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists	01:32
Release Inhibitors and IgE-Antibody-mediated Therapy	03:52
Biological Agents: Monoclonal Antibodies	02:05
Asthma Medication Questions	02:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Pharmacology“

Stomach Ulcer (Peptic Acid Disease) Medication	07:02
Motility Disorder Medication	07:38
Nausea Medication: Antiemetics – Gastrointestinal Drugs	05:40
Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) and Gallstone Prevention – Gastrointestinal Drugs	02:41
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Medication	02:25
Questions and Case Studies: GERD Medications	02:06
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Medication	11:03
Questions and Case Studies: Steroids, Cyclosporine and Crohn's Disease	07:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Pharmacology“

Overview – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	08:02
Penicillins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	10:00
Cephalosporins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:51
Penems – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Monobactams, Cyclic Lipopeptide and Polypeptide – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:13
Glycopeptide and Intracellular Agents – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:30
Overview – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:38
Linezolid, Streptogramins and Chloramphenicol – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:14
Macrolides and Ketolides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Tetracyclines – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:30
Aminoglycosides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:26
Quiz Questions and Case Studies – Antibacterial Agents (Antibiotics)	07:33
Overview – Antimetabolites	11:06
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim and Fluoroquinolones – Antimetabolites	07:37
Case Studies – Antimetabolites	03:39
Overview – Antimycobacterial Agents	02:24
First-line Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	14:51
Other Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	05:02
New Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	04:57
Treatment Regimens for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	06:29
Treatment Regimens for Leprosy and Other Infections – Antimycobacterial Agents	03:36
Case Studies – Antimycobacterial Agents	08:22
Overview – Antifungals	00:42
Azoles – Antifungals	04:14
Polyenes – Antifungals	04:25
Flucytosine (5-Fluorocytosine/5-FC) – Antifungals	06:37
Griseofulvin and Squalene Epoxidase Inhibitor (Terbinafine) – Antifungals	02:01
Echinocandins – Antifungals	06:09
Questions – Antifungals	02:56
Overview of Antiviral Activity – Antiviral Drugs	02:49
Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	07:27
CCR5 – Antiviral Drugs	02:00
Anti-HIV Agents: Entry Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	06:34
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NsRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	06:54
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	03:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	04:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:55
Anti-HIV Agents: Maturation Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:53
Anti-HIV Agents: Protease Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	06:30
Anti-HIV Agents: Other Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	02:05
Case Studies about Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	03:21
Anti-Herpes Agents: Thymidine Kinase Agents – Antiviral Drugs	08:04
Anti-Herpes Agents: Foscarnet – A pyrophosphate analog	04:19
Influenza Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	07:25
Hepatitis Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	06:45
Overview – Antiviral Agents and Treatment of CMV Retinitis – Antiviral Drugs	01:48
Case Studies – Antiviral Drugs	09:07
Antimalarial Drugs – Antiprotozoal Agents	13:04
Amebicides – Antiprotozoal Agents	08:20
Nematicides – Anthelmintic Drugs	05:28
Trematocides (Praziquantel) and Cestodicides (Niclosamide) – Anthelmintic Drugs	02:15
Questions – Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs	03:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Antimicrobial Pharmacology“

Types of Topical Medications	04:57
Stable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	06:59
Unstable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	03:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Topical Medications“

Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	06:51
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS)	04:19
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): Output and Thoracolumbar Outflow	08:52
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): Hypothalamus as Sympathetic Output Driver and Horners Syndrome	02:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)“

Structures and Functions of the Cranial Meninges	02:46
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater and Pia Mater	08:23
Subarachnoid Space, Epidural Space and Subdural Space	01:51
Arterial Supply and Nerve Supply of Dura Mater	03:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Meninges“

Overview of the Limbic System: Functions, Structures and Components	08:06
Papez Circuit	02:18
Clinical Correlations: Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS), Klüver–Bucy Syndrome and Alzheimer´s Disease	06:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Limbic System“

Lobes and Sulci of the Cerebral Cortex	02:09
Frontal Lobe	07:41
Parietal Lobe	02:24
Occipital Lobe	01:49
Temporal Lobe	03:54
Circle of Willis and Saccular Aneurysm	07:26
Anterior and Posterior Arteries of the Cerebral Cortex	09:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Cerebral Cortex“

Components and Structure of the Diencephalon	01:33
Thalamus	10:31
Hypothalamus: Components and Functions	10:32
Epithalamus	00:50
Subthalamus	01:23
Quiz zum Kurs „Diencephalon“

Eyeball and Retina	06:47
Pupillary Light Reflex	04:41
Primary Visual Cortex	05:13
Lesions of the Visual Pathway	11:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Visual Pathways“

Structures and Intrinsic Connections of the Basal Ganglia	04:37
Direct and Indirect Basal Ganglia Pathway	05:16
Clinical Correlations: Parkinson's Disease	03:41
Clinical Correlations: Huntington's Disease	03:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Basal Ganglia“

Functions of the Cerebellum, Lobes and Hemispheres	06:07
Deep Cerebellar Nuclei and Connections of Functional Divisions	03:47
Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum and Pontocerebellum	04:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Cerebellum“

Anatomy of the Ear esp. Ossicles	05:57
Cochlea	08:07
Auditory Nuclei, Auditory Pathway and Otosclerosis	05:32
Hearing Tests: Rinne Test and Weber Test	05:48
Sensory Receptors of the Vestibular System	02:00
Hair Cells	02:23
Vestibular Nuclei	05:39
Vestibulo—Ocular Reflex (VOR)	04:41
Caloric Test and Control of Horizontal Gaze	05:59
Vestibular Disorders: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Vertigo and Ménière's Disease	05:23
Quiz zum Kurs „Auditory System and Vestibular System“

Overview of the Cranial Nerves I—VI and Their Functional Components	02:32
Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Nerve	02:19
Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve	01:37
Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor Nerve	03:48
Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear Nerve	02:14
Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal nerve	08:06
Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens Nerve	01:30
Overview of the Cranial Nerves VII—XII and Their Functional Components	00:45
Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve	05:20
Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve	01:45
Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve	04:41
Cranial Nerve X:Vagus Nerve	06:10
Cranial Nerve XI: Accessory Nerve	01:53
Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve	02:09
Quiz zum Kurs „12 Cranial Nerves and Their Functions“

Brain Stem Components: Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata	07:29
Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerve Nuclei	02:50
Posterior View of the Brain Stem	04:12
Anterior View of the Brain Stem	03:55
Midbrain	02:03
Arterial Supply of the Brain Stem	02:39
Brain Stem Lesions	00:50
Medial Medullary Syndrome	03:30
Lateral Medullary Syndrome	04:43
Medial Pontine Syndrome and Lateral Pontine Syndrome	05:54
Superior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome	01:09
Parinaud's Syndrome and Weber's Syndrome	04:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Brain Stem“

Spinal Cord Segments and Spinal Nerves	05:09
Gray and White Matter of the Spinal Cord	06:39
Rexed Laminae and Spinal Cord Tracts	05:39
Descending Pathways: Corticospinal Tracts	04:20
Ascending Pathways: Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscal (DCML) System	05:22
Ascending Pathways: Anterolateral System/Spinothalamic Tract	02:54
Lesions and Diseases of the Spinal Cord: Brown-Séquard Syndrome and Tabes Dorsalis	06:14
Lesions and Diseases of the Spinal Cord: Syringomyelia	02:10
Arterial Supply of the Spinal Cord	03:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Spinal Cord“

Ventricular System: Ventricles and Communication	05:21
Choroid Plexus and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	06:40
Hydrocephalus: Definition and Treatment	03:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Ventricular System“

Overview of the Dural Venous Sinuses	05:09
Major Dural Venous Sinuses	04:56
Cavernous Sinuses	06:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Dural Venous Sinuses“

Skull: Introduction	05:15
Frontal Bone	03:09
Parietal Bone	01:15
Temporal Bone	03:10
Occipital Bone	02:37
Sphenoid Bone	03:11
Ethmoid Bone	03:29
Lacrimal, Nasal Bones and Vomer	01:50
Zygomatic Bone	01:44
Maxilla	02:51
Palatine Bone	02:05
Mandible and Teeth	05:43
Cranial Cavity	08:56
Temporal, Infratemporal and Pterygopalatine Fossae	06:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Skull“

Muscles of Facial Expression	05:07
Muscles of Mastication	04:05
Suprahyoid Muscles	04:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Muscles of the Head“

Oral Cavity	01:51
Tongue	05:54
Parotid Gland	02:20
Sublingual Region	05:18
Palate	02:20
Pharynx	05:40
Pharyngeal Muscles	06:26
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses	05:47
Neurovasculature of the Nasal Cavity	03:25
Larynx	11:09
Quiz zum Kurs „Upper Aerodigestive Tract“

Bony Orbit	05:12
Visual Pathway	03:09
Extraocular Muscles	05:52
Neurovasculature of the Orbit	03:46
Structures of the Orbit	02:44
Anatomy of the Eyeball	12:45
Eyelids and Lacrimal Apparatus	05:52
External Ear	05:56
Middle Ear	07:07
Inner Ear	07:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Special Senses“

Arterial Supply of the Head	02:56
Venous Drainage of the Head	01:11
Dermatomes of the Head	01:16
Cranial Nerves: Introduction	03:33
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)	01:13
Optic Nerve (CN II)	00:58
Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)	00:53
Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)	00:51
Abducens Nerve (CN VI)	00:19
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)	02:38
Facial Nerve (CN VII)	02:43
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)	00:37
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)	01:12
Vagus Nerve (CN X)	00:52
Accessory Nerve (CN XI)	00:48
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)	00:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurovasculature of the Head“

Cervical Vertebrae and Hyoid Bone	04:32
Cervical Fasciae and Compartments	01:53
Anterior Triangle of the Neck	04:57
Posterior Triangle of the Neck	05:49
Superficial Structures of the Neck	03:44
Vertebral Compartment	02:51
Deep Structures of the Neck	03:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Neck Anatomy“

Anatomy of the Vertebral Column	05:31
Foramina of the Vertebral Column	04:12
Movements and Curvatures of the Back	03:05
Joints and Ligaments of the Back	03:58
Regional Anatomical Characteristics of the Vertebrae	07:21
Extrinsic Back Muscles	04:40
Superficial and Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscles	04:23
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Back Anatomy“

Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limbs	03:09
Osteology of the Upper Limbs	02:35
Clavicle (Collarbone)	03:48
Scapula	08:47
Humerus	06:42
Ulna	02:40
Radius	02:56
Bones of the Hand	02:56
Quiz zum Kurs „Osteology and Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limbs“

Sternoclavicular Joint	02:35
Acromioclavicular Joint	01:44
Glenohumeral Joint	05:15
Elbow Joint	04:37
Radioulnar Joints	02:42
Joints of the Hand	06:20
Joints of the Digits	02:12
Ranges of Movement in the Joints of the Upper Limbs	04:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Joints of the Upper Limbs“

Arterial Supply of the Upper Limbs	01:00
Axillary Artery	04:56
Brachial Artery	02:46
Radial and Ulnar Arteries	04:35
Blood Supply of the Hand	03:40
Fasciae of the Upper Limbs	02:54
Venous Drainage of the Upper Limbs	06:08
Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limbs	04:32
Musculocutaneous Nerve	02:51
Median Nerve	05:49
Ulnar Nerve	03:08
Radial Nerve	03:44
Axillary Nerve	01:43
Long Thoracic Nerve	01:56
Quiz zum Kurs „Fasciae and Neurovasculature of the Upper Limbs“

Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles	05:52
Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles	06:44
Scapulohumeral Muscles	08:54
Quiz zum Kurs „Muscles of the Shoulder“

Walls and Boundaries of the Axilla	04:44
Gateways in the Posterior Wall of the Axilla	04:03
Vasculature of the Axilla	05:19
Brachial Plexus	17:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Axilla“

Arm in Cross Section	01:58
Anterior Compartment of the Arm	06:26
Neurovasculature of the Anterior Compartment of the Arm	03:41
Cubital Fossa	03:55
Posterior Compartment of the Arm	04:35
Neurovasculature of the Posterior Compartment of the Arm	02:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Arm“

Forearm in Cross Section	04:39
Superficial Layer of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm	06:21
Middle Layer of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm	01:53
Deep Layer of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm	05:03
Neurovasculature of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm	03:19
Superficial Layer of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm	05:19
Deep Layer of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm	06:53
Neurovasculature of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm	01:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Forearm“

Dorsal Aspect of the Hand	06:40
Palmar Aspect of the Hand	02:00
Adductor Compartment, Thenar, and Hypothenar Eminences	06:05
Carpal Tunnel	02:49
Extrinsic Tendons and Lumbricals	05:51
Interossei Muscles	03:41

Thoracic Skeleton	08:49
Intercostal Space	08:45
Thoracic Cavity	08:33
Anatomy of the Diaphragm	06:03
Anatomy of the Breast	07:10
Anatomy of the Trachea	09:02
Anatomy of the Esophagus	06:42
Anatomy of the Lungs	07:40
Anterior Mediastinum	05:33
Pericardium	03:04
Heart in Situ	03:26
Embryologic Development of the Heart and Circulation	05:37
External Anatomy of the Heart	05:46
Internal Anatomy of the Right Atrium and Ventricle	08:46
Internal Anatomy of the Left Atrium and Ventricle	04:30
Coronary Vasculature	07:14
Cardiac Conduction System	07:05
Great Vessels of the Thorax	04:05
Posterior Mediastinum	04:27
Surface Anatomy of the Thorax	02:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Thorax Anatomy“

Boundaries and Important Landmarks of the Abdomen	03:09
Abdominal Regions and Reference Planes	03:37
Positions of the Organs in the Abdomen	08:10
Dermatomes of the Abdomen	03:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen“

Anterolateral Abdominal Wall: Overview	02:47
External Oblique and Rectus Abdominis	05:11
Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominis	03:40
Rectus Sheath	08:53
Movements of the Trunk	00:46
Posterior View of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	04:53
Blood Supply of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	03:51
Nerve Supply of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	03:10
Inguinal Region	03:06
Inguinal Canal: Overview	06:05
Boundaries of the Inguinal Canal	02:13
Contents of the Inguinal Canal	02:25
Spermatic Cord	03:26
Inguinal Hernias	06:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Anterolateral Abdominal Wall“

Peritoneum: Overview	03:45
Peritoneum: Definitions	08:40
Open Abdomen View of the Peritoneum	03:17
Peritoneal Cavity	02:57
Lesser Sac and Lesser Omentum	03:26
Greater Sac and Greater Omentum	03:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity“

Anatomy of the Digestive System: Overview	02:55
Surface Anatomy of the Stomach	01:04
Anatomy of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Esophagus	03:16
Anatomy of the Stomach	05:05
Stomach Ulcers	04:10
Neurovasculature of the Stomach	06:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Esophagus and Stomach“

Surface Anatomy of the Small Intestine	04:14
In Situ View of the Small Intestine	02:35
Wall Structure of the Small Intestine	02:53
Anatomy of the Duodenum	06:27
Anatomy of the Jejunum and Ileum	03:18
Neurovasculature of the Small Intestine	08:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Small Intestine“

Surface Anatomy of the Large Intestine	02:14
In Situ View of the Large Intestine	06:11
Large Intestine in Isolation	04:58
Wall Structure of the Large Intestine	01:23
Anatomy of the Cecum and Appendix	02:38
Anatomy of the Rectum and Anus	06:57
Neurovasculature of the Large Intestine	04:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Large Intestine“

Surface Anatomy of the Liver	02:10
Surface Features of the Liver	05:26
Segments of the Liver	03:03
Peritoneal Relations of the Liver	05:46
Anatomy of the Gallbladder	04:14
Vascular Supply of the Liver and Gallbladder	02:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Liver and Gallbladder“

Surface Anatomy of the Pancreas	02:10
In Situ View of the Pancreas	03:51
Anatomy of the Pancreas and Biliary Tree	03:35
Anatomy of the Spleen	04:38
Vascular Supply of the Pancreas and Spleen	03:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Pancreas and Spleen“

Surface Anatomy of the Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	02:12
Anatomy of the Renal Capsule	05:22
Structure and Blood Supply of the Kidneys	07:23
Anatomy of the Ureters	03:32
Anatomy of the Bladder and Urethra	09:44
Anatomy of the Suprarenal Glands	03:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Urinary System and Suprarenal Glands“

Arteries of the Gastrointestinal Tract	05:44
Celiac Trunk	07:24
Superior Mesenteric Artery	07:01
Inferior Mesenteric Artery	03:50
Venous Drainage of the Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut	03:13
Portal System: Overview	04:25
Variations in the Portal System	02:03
Portal-systemic Anastomoses	05:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Vascular Supply of the Abdomen“

Boundaries and Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall	06:28
Thoracic Diaphragm	03:07
Abdominal Aorta	02:20
Inferior Vena Cava	02:04
Somatic Nerves of Posterior Abdominal Wall	06:46

Landmarks and Boundaries of the Pelvis	07:12
Bony Pelvis	04:38
Male vs. Female Bony Pelvis	01:22
Pelvic Walls	03:03
Pelvic Floor	05:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Bony Pelvis and Pelvic Floor“

Male and Female Pelvic Organs: Overview	05:35
Anatomy of the Testes	11:14
Sperm Route and Seminal Vesicles	03:12
Anatomy of the Prostate	03:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System“

Anatomy of the Female Reproductive Organs: Overview	03:23
Anatomy of the Vagina	01:37
Anatomy of the Uterus	04:46
Anatomy of the Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes	01:16
Anatomy of the Ovaries	08:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System“

Pelvic Vasculature: Overview	02:23
Branches of the Internal Iliac Artery	04:04
Male vs. Female Branches of the Internal Iliac Artery	03:50
Blood Supply of the Rectum	01:44
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculature of the Pelvis“

Perineum: Overview	01:52
Boundaries of the Perineum and Perineal Membrane	08:54
Ischioanal Fossa	06:19
Anal Canal	06:45
Male Perineum and Penis	08:06
Female Perineum and Vulva	04:56
Neurovasculature of the Perineum	02:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Perineum“

Anatomy of the Lymphatic System: Introduction	03:52
Lymphatic Drainage of the Abdominopelvic Region	03:30
Lymphatic Drainage of the Abdominopelvic Organs	06:04
Lymphatic Drainage of the Abdominopelvic Organs: Summary	02:45
Autonomic Innervation of the Abdominopelvic Region	03:36
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): Organization	08:33
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): Organization	02:30
Autonomic Innervation of the Foregut and Midgut	04:22
Autonomic Innervation of the Hindgut, Kidneys, and Adrenal Glands	03:22
Autonomic Nervous System of the Pelvis	02:49
Autonomic Innervation of the Urinary Bladder	02:52
Autonomic Innervation of the Rectum and Anal Canal	01:29
Autonomic Innervation of the Reproductive System	02:03
Autonomic Innervation: Summary	01:55
Referred Pain	03:20
Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous System: Conclusion	01:23
Quiz zum Kurs „Lymphatics and Nerves of Abdominopelvic Region“

Surface Anatomy of the Lower Limbs	07:19
Hip Bones	02:16
Ilium	04:12
Ischium	02:31
Pubis (Pubic Bone)	02:38
Femur	07:59
Patella	01:23
Tibia	04:35
Fibula	02:29
Bones of the Foot	09:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Osteology and Surface Anatomy of the Lower Limbs“

Joints of the Lower Limbs: Overview	00:55
Hip Joint	05:42
Knee Joint	02:48
Ligaments and Menisci of the Knee	07:14
Tibiofibular Joint	02:20
Ankle Joint	05:24
Joints of the Foot	06:24
Movements of the Lower Limbs	04:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Joints of the Lower Limbs“

Gluteal Region	09:29
Neurovasculature of the Gluteal Region	04:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Gluteal Region“

Thigh in Cross Section	02:29
Posterior Compartment of the Thigh	03:07
Popliteal Fossa	02:31
Anterior Compartment of the Thigh	04:16
Medial Compartment of the Thigh	05:47
Neurovasculature of the Anterior and Medial Compartments of the Thigh	01:46
Subinguinal Space	01:38
Femoral Triangle	02:04
Adductor Canal and Pes Anserinus	02:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Thigh“

Leg in Cross Section	02:11
Anterior Compartment of the Leg	04:34
Lateral Compartment of the Leg	02:58
Superficial Layer of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg	03:21
Deep Layer of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg	05:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Leg“

Anatomy of the Foot: Overview	01:38
Dorsum of the Foot	03:25
Plantar Aspect (Sole) of the Foot	04:12
Plantar Muscles of the Foot: Layer 1	02:14
Plantar Muscles of the Foot: Layer 2	02:44
Plantar Muscles of the Foot: Layer 3	02:25
Plantar Muscles of the Foot: Layer 4	02:36
Neurovasculature of the Foot	02:51
Plantar Ligaments and Arches of the Foot	04:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Anatomy of the Foot“

Arterial Supply of the Lower Limbs: Overview	02:10
Arterial Supply of the Thigh	06:27
Arterial Supply of the Gluteal Region	03:36
Arterial Supply of the Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa	05:08
Arterial Supply of the Posterior Leg	02:05
Arterial Supply of the Anterior Leg	01:38
Arterial Supply of the Foot	02:46
Lymphatics of the Lower Limbs	01:13
Superficial and Deep Fasciae of the Lower Limbs	02:54
Superficial and Deep Venous Drainage of the Lower Limbs	04:51
Cutaneous Innervation of the Lower Limbs	04:17
Lumbosacral Plexus: Overview	03:17
Lumbar Plexus	04:38
Sacral Plexus	05:32
Sciatic Nerve	07:38
Coccygeal Plexus	01:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Fasciae and Neurovasculature of the Lower Limbs“

The Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells	05:48
The Neural Tube and Ventricular System	07:54
Development of Spinal Cord and Brainstem	07:22
Malformations in Cerebellar Development	02:41
Development of Cerebral Cortex	10:49
Development of Eye	08:28
Development of Ear	09:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurology—Embryology“

Organization of the Nervous System	08:19
Major Components of Nerve Tissue	02:49
Neuron	07:38
Major Types of Neurons	07:37
Synapses Are Junctions between Neurons	01:42
Spinal Cord	06:59
The Size of the Gray Matter Varies	03:29
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System	03:27
Arrangement and Locations of Motor and Sensory Neurons	07:15
Dorsal Root Ganglion	02:18
Functional Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System	03:34
Autonomic Ganglion	02:03
Enteric Ganglion	02:27
Structure of Peripheral Nerves and Brain	07:18
The Structure of a Peripheral Nerve	04:59
Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons	03:12
Neuroglial Cells	05:26
Brain	06:03
Meninges	04:55
The Eye: Overview	02:59
The Eye: General Structure	07:50
Iris	03:46
Ciliary Body and Processes	08:22
Lens	03:37
Choroid and the Retina	06:33
Optic Nerve	02:12
Eyelid	04:38
Ear: Overview	02:17
Ear: General Structure	03:01
Bony and Membranous Labyrinth	05:20
Ear: Receptor Cells	04:39
Vestibular System	07:56
Cochlear Duct	02:29
Organ of Corti	03:45
Conduction of Sound	02:47
Ear: Summary	02:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurology—Histology“

Introduction esp. Triangles of the Neck – Neck	05:43
Compartments and Cervical Fascia – Neck	07:19
Fascial Spaces and Surgical Access to Trachea – Neck	05:44
Thyroid Gland – Neck	09:29
Stellate Ganglion Block – Neck	03:52
Thoracic Outlet – Neck	03:46
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – Neck	04:59
Carotid Arterial System – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	05:33
Clinical Correlation: Superficial Temporal Arteritis and Carotid Artery Disease – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	03:42
Subclavian Artery – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	03:21
Clinical Correlation: Vertebral Artery Syndrome – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	01:51
Arterial Supply of the Brain: Circle of Willis – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	01:38
Cranial Fossae and Foramina (Superior View) – Cranium (Skull)	09:09
Cranial Fossae and Foramina (Inferior and Anterior View) – Cranium (Skull)	03:49
Le Fort Fractures – Cranium (Skull)	03:19
Types of Intracranial Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	01:36
Epidural Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	04:24
Subdural Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	04:17
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	03:41
Overview of the 7 Extraocular Muscles – Orbital Muscles and Innervation	05:05
Innervation of Extraocular Muscles – Orbital Muscles and Innervation	03:44
Functions of the Extraocular Muscles – Orbital Muscles and Innervation	04:25
Anatomy of the Teeth	14:04
Development of the Teeth	12:28
Classification of the Facial Muscles	01:26
Epicranial Group – Facial Muscles	03:04
Circumorbital and Palpebral Group – Facial Muscles	02:43
Nasal Group – Facial Muscles	03:37
Buccolabial Group – Facial Muscles	11:21
Muscles of Mastication – Facial Muscles	04:12
Blood Supply of the Facial Muscles	02:50
External Ear	08:22
Middle Ear	09:04
Internal Ear	07:50
Clinical Pearls – Ear	02:40
External Nose, Cartilaginous Structures, and Nasal Cavities	06:55
Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity	04:29
Paranasal Sinuses – Nasal Cavity	03:08
Blood Supply, Drainage, and Innervation of the Nasal Cavity	05:52
Clinical Pearls – Nasal Cavity	01:47
Layers, Borders and Spaces of the Pharynx	06:03
Muscular Layers of the Pharynx	07:27
Divisions of the Pharynx: Naso-, Oro- and Laryngopharynx	07:13
Neurovasculature of the Pharynx	02:42
Waldeyer's Ring	01:02
Structure of the Bony Orbit	06:36
Orbital Connective Tissue and Fat	02:09
Neurovasculature of the Orbit	06:35
Extraocular Muscles	05:12
Eyelids	04:42
Lacrimal Apparatus	02:39
Introduction to the Skull	02:38
Frontal Bone	04:54
Parietal Bone	03:44
Ethmoid Bone	05:54
Lacrimal Bone, Nasal Bone and Vomer	02:46
Zygomatic Bone	03:23
Maxilla Bone	06:01
Palatine Bone	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Head and Neck Anatomy with Dr. Canby“

Nerves and Neurotransmission	05:06
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP) and Binding	05:03
Action Potential: Propagation and Myelin	06:06
Glial Cells and Astrocyte Assisted Activities	04:36
Vision: Structure and Function of the Eye	03:52
Vision: Lens, Pupil and Humors	07:11
Vision: Photoreception	04:36
Vision: Signal Termination and Convergence	08:05
Hearing: Hearing Structure and Function	08:43
Hearing: Hair Cells and Semicircular Channels	05:35
Balance: Vestibular Structure and Function	04:12
Balance: Otolith Organs	04:02
Taste-Receptors: Types, Structure, Function & Taste Transduction	07:15
Smell: Transduction and Integration	03:34
Muscle Nerve Fiber Properties	07:42
Renshaw Cells and Muscle Reflexes	03:32
Cutaneous Sensory Afferents	01:57
Mechanoreceptors: En- & Unencapsulated	07:59
Free Nerve Ending (FNE)	05:57
Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	09:03
Hypothalamus and Brainstem	04:03
Circumventricular Organs (CVO's) and Cerebral Spinal Fluid	06:39
Effectors of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	06:22
Autonomic Nervous System: GI Tract and Other Tissues	06:22
Autonomic Nervous System: Skin Appendages and Other Tissues	04:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurophysiology“

Stroke: Introduction	02:40
Ischemic Stroke	03:28
Ischemic Stroke: Characteristics	03:50
Embolism	09:45
Ischemic Stroke Syndromes	03:55
Acute Stroke: Evaluation and Workup	06:53
Ischemic Stroke: Treatment	11:18
Hemorrhagic Stroke	08:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)“

Cerebral Aneurysm: Introduction	06:39
Cerebral Aneurysm: Diagnostic Workup	03:06
Cerebral Aneurysm: Treatment	04:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Cerebral Aneurysm (Intracranial Aneurysm)“

Increased Intracranial Pressure: Introduction	05:24
Brain Herniation	04:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)“

Trauma: Introduction	10:48
Trauma: Epidural and Subdural Hematoma	05:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma“

Spinal Cord Pathology: Introduction	06:34
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Spinal Cord Pathology“

Headache: Introduction	03:36
Acute Headache: Meningitis and Temporal Arteritis	06:55
Acute Headache: Hypertensive Urgency and Cluster Headache (Horton's Syndrome)	05:29
Acute Headaches: Venous Sinus Thrombosis	03:12
Sub-Acute Headache, Chronic Headache and Migraine	06:09
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension	04:29
Brain Tumor and Tension Headaches	04:21
Other Types of Headache	03:19
Indications of Brain Imaging in Headache	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Headache – Pathophysiology“

Seizures: Introduction	02:32
Seizures: Types	05:33
Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures	04:16
Evaluation of the First Non-Febrile Seizure and Childhood Epilepsy	02:40
Epilepsy Syndromes	04:09
Adult Epilepsy	01:49
Antiepileptic Drugs	10:51
Special Considerations, Status Epilepticus, and Summary	04:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Seizures“

CNS Infections: Introduction	02:13
Acute Meningitis	10:23
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Age	03:07
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Head Trauma	03:57
Acute Viral Meningitis	03:17
Tuberculous Meningitis	05:39
Chemical Meningitis, Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis, Neurosyphilis, Lyme Disease	10:21
Fungal and Cryptococcus	04:36
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, Neurocysticercosis and Parasitic Meningoencephalitis	08:39
Brain Abscess	02:21
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: HSV-1 and HSV-2	09:04
HIV-associated Meningoencephalitis	04:33
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (Prion Disease) and Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infections - Clinical Neurology“

Multiple Sclerosis: Introduction	03:29
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Pathology, Location of Lesions	05:57
Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	04:32
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Transverse Myelitis and Central Pontine Myelinolysis	05:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Multiple Sclerosis“

Dementia: Introduction	06:44
Alzheimer's Disease	07:36
Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology and Treatment	10:55
Other Causes of Dementia	12:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Dementia“

Radial Nerve Injury	05:48
Median Nerve Injury	03:19
Ulnar Nerve Injury	03:13
Femoral Nerve Injury	04:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Mononeuropathy“

Polyneuropathy: Introduction	06:11
Metabolic Neuropathies and Diabetic Neuropathy	04:57
Hereditary, Toxic and Infectious Neuropathy	04:17
Entrapment, Compressive and Peripheral Neuropathy	05:03
Neuromuscular Junction and Myasthenia Gravis	06:54
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and Botulinum Toxin	05:42
Myopathy Junction and Dystrophinopathies	05:35
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies and Channelopathies	06:05
Mitochondrial, Inflammatory, Endocrine and Drug Induced Myopathies	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Polyneuropathy“

Tumors of the CNS: Introduction	06:41
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Astrocytoma	05:48
Neuroepithelial Tumors	07:43
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Oligodendroglioma	07:59
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Medulloblastoma	04:00
Meningeal Tumors: Meningioma	05:51
Other Primary CNS Tumors	08:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of the CNS“

Movement Disorders: Introduction	08:45
Parkinson's Disease	06:39
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Degeneration and Multiple System Atrophy	05:25
Huntington's Disease (Huntington's Chorea)	04:10
Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Movement Disorders“

Altered Mental Status and Coma: Introduction	06:48
Coma and Brainstem Reflexes	04:12
Brain Death, Decorticate Posturing, Persistent Vegetative State and Locked-In Syndrome	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Altered Mental Status and Coma“

Vertigo: Introduction	02:17
Dix-Hallpike & Epley Maneuver Test	04:43
Syncope	02:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vertigo and Dizziness“

Sleep Stages	02:13
Sleep Disorders (Dyssomnias)	06:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Sleep“

Embryogenesis	03:33
Cerebral Palsy, Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder	03:19
Development Regression, Neurocutaneous Disorders and Tuberous Sclerosis	05:12
Neurofibromatosis, Hypotonia and Childhood Neurodegenerative Disorders	05:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Neuropathology“

Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain)	06:58
Neuromuscular Disease	08:58
Plexopathy	03:02
Mononeuropathy	02:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Diseases: Hydrocephalus, Neuromuscular Disease, Plexopathy, and Mononeuritis“

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Overview	05:39
Dual Innervation	03:31
Alpha- and Beta-Blockers	04:19
Sympathetic Blockers	04:20
Sympathomimetic Activators	05:07
Sympathomimetic Effects	12:09
Global Effect of Sympathomimetic Drugs on the Vascular System	04:46
Cholinomimetic Activators and Effects	09:01
Cholinergic Toxicity, Myasthenic Crisis and Cholinergic Crisis	03:11
Anticholinergic Drugs	06:29
Quiz zum Kurs „ANS - Pharmacology“

Overview of Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs – Sedative Hypnotics	08:02
Benzodiazepines – Sedative Hypnotics	04:59
Barbiturates – Sedative Hypnotics	02:03
Atypical Sedative Drugs	08:11
Questions – Sedative Hypnotics	02:44
Case Study – Sedative Hypnotics	02:43
Overview – Antidepressants	02:11
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Antidepressants	03:36
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) – Antidepressants	03:10
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs)	06:43
SNRIs, Serotonin Antagonists and SSRIs – Antidepressants	09:07
Review – Antidepressants	01:07
Antidepressants: Case Study	02:29
Overview – Antipsychotics	01:27
Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Dopamine – Antipsychotics	02:55
Bipolar Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	05:24
Psychotic Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	03:10
Clinical Uses of Antipsychotics and Drug Induced Dyskinesia	03:27
Questions – Antipsychotics	02:39
Dopamine and Disease – Medication of Movement Disorders	03:53
Dopamine Precursors and Agonists – Treatment of Movement Disorders	06:36
MAO and COMT Inhibitors – Treatment of Movement Disorders	02:55
Amantadine and Anticholinergics – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:17
Medications for Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorders	09:29
Overview – Antiseizure Medications	05:19
Treatment Strategies – Antiseizure Medications	09:45
Levetiracetam (Keppra) – Antiseizure Medications	01:25
Questions – Antiseizure Medications	03:36
Overview – Anesthetic Drugs	00:55
Inhaled Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:52
General Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:07
Intravenous Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	03:29
Case Study – Anesthetic Drugs	02:02
Overview – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	01:48
Neuromuscular Blockers – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	07:05
Acute and Chronic Muscle Spasms – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	05:04
Questions – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	06:12
Overview – Local Anesthetics	05:39
Esters and Amides – Local Anesthetics	05:28
Overview – Opioid Analgesics	02:38
Opioid Agonists – Opioid Analgesics	05:38
Mixed Agonists/Antagonists and Antagonists – Opioid Analgesics	04:26
Questions – Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics	05:52
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS - Pharmacology“

Quiz zum Kurs „Year 1 – Fundamentals“