00:01
Now, there are other drugs that we talk about
when we use anti-Parkinson medications.
00:10
Amantadine is actually anantiviral that was originally used to treat or prevent influenza.
00:15
Through an unknown mechanism,
we improve bradykinesia in a short term.
00:21
Side effects. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting. Postural hypotension.
Now, interestingly enough, it does not cause dyskinesia.
00:31
The unique effects about amantadine. Acute toxic psychosis.
Livedo reticularis which is a type of skin rash.
00:42
And urinary retention. Once again,
we don't know the mechanism of how this is happening.
00:50
Anticholinergics are also used in Parkinson disease. Benztropine,
orphenadrine. These are antimuscarinic cholinergic agents.
00:59
They are used in reversible extrapyramidal symptoms of the
antipsychotics like acute dystonia.
01:06
So, we often think of them as an antidote.
We use them in combination with other medications.
01:12
It improves the positive symptoms. So, tremor and rigidity
are improved in Parkinson's disease.
01:19
Now, I talked about negative and positive symptoms with
schizophrenia, but perhaps I should just briefly cover what
negative and positive symptoms are in Parkinson's disease.
A negative symptom is a lack of movement.
01:31
A positive symptom is more movement. And we have a very
specific kind of pill rolling tremor that you see
in Parkinson's disease that usually occurs at rest.
But then as soon as you ask them to touch their nose,
the tremor disappears. But when they're at rest,
it's this kind of a movement. That's a positive symptom.
01:52
It does not improve negative symptoms. So, bradykinesia
is not really improved with these medications.
01:58
Side effects. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
postural hypotension and dyskinesia.
02:04
There are also some insomnia and mood change effects
that can occur with this medication.
02:10
So there you have it.
The drugs used to treat Parkinsonian diseases.