Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is also known as mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is a pattern of glomerular injury characterized by mesangial hypercellularity, endocapillary proliferation, and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (double contour formation). The changes are due to the deposition of Igs, complement factors, or both, in the glomerular mesangium and along the glomerular capillary walls. The pathogenic variants include immune complex/monoclonal Ig-mediated (e.g., from infections, autoimmune diseases) and complement-mediated MPGN. In rare cases, MPGN is not associated with Igs and the complement system, such as in the case of endothelial injury. With multiple etiologies, the presentation and clinical course vary. Presenting features can be asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria, nephrotic syndrome, nephritic syndrome, or chronic renal failure. Definitive diagnosis requires renal biopsy, although additional laboratory and imaging tests may point to the associated disease. Treatment is based on the underlying cause. Steroids, immunosuppressants, and kidney transplantation are among the commonly used treatment modalities.