00:01
Let's start with the Hip joint.
00:04
So the Hip joint is a synovial
ball and socket joint.
00:09
It's the articulation
between the head of the femur
into the acetabulum
of the pelvis bone.
00:16
So here we can see as we separate
the femur from the pelvic bone,
we can see we have
the head of the femur,
and here we have the acetabulum.
00:24
If we look at the lateral view,
we can see the acetabulum here
indicated with this black dotted line.
00:31
To the right hand
side of the screen,
we have the anterior aspect where
we can see the pubic symphysis
just protruding out.
00:38
And the ischial tuberosity is
down in the lower left hand side
projecting posteriorly.
00:43
But here we have the acetabulum.
00:45
This circle indicated via
the black dotted line.
00:49
It's made up of those three
bones that we've spoken about
that form the pelvic bone.
00:54
We have the ilium in
green, the ischium in blue,
and the pubis bone here in red.
01:00
These three surfaces give rise
to what is the articular
surface of the hip joint,
which is this lunate surface, that
has this very characteristic shape.
01:10
We also have the
acetabular fossa.
01:13
And this doesn't actually have any
articulation with the head of the femur.
01:17
Surrounding these surfaces
is the hyaline cartilage.
01:21
And that creates
that smooth surface
for the head of the
femur to articulate with.
01:26
Running circumferentially
around the acetabulum,
we have the acetabular labrum and
this increases the articular surface.
01:34
Increasing the bone congruency,
that space in which the head
of the femur can articulate.
01:40
It helps to further stabilize
this important joint.
01:44
Just connecting that lunate surface
where we've got the hyaline cartilage,
we have an important ligament.
01:50
This is the transverse
acetabular ligament,
and it's positioned posteriorly
where there is a deficiency
in this hyaline cartilage.
01:59
In there, we can then see
the acetabular foramen,
and we'll come back to
this in later detail.
02:04
Running through from
this acetabular fossa,
we have the ligament of
the head of the femur.
02:09
And that passes into the fovea,
which we'll see later on
in the head of the femur.
02:15
So now let's have a look
at the head of the femur.
02:17
And this is a right femur, we're
looking at his anterior surface.
02:21
Here, we have hyaline cartilage
covering the articular surface
of the head of the femur.
02:27
And here we have that fovea,
which is for the ligament
of the head of the femur,
and this helps to hold
the femur in position.
02:35
Here we can now see the ligament of
the head of the femur on the screen.
02:39
Here we can see the head
of the femur is positioned
with in the acetabulum.
02:44
And surrounding it, we
have a joint capsule.
02:47
So this is a joint capsule
that surrounds that joint
and helps to hold the head
of the femur in position.
02:54
We can see it's attaching medially
on to the pelvic attachment
around the margin
of this acetabulum.
03:00
And the adjacent margin occurs
around the obturator foramen.
03:04
We also have it attaching onto
the intertrochanteric line
anteriorly on the femur, and also on
the neck of the femur posteriorly.
03:14
Now, let's turn our
attention to the ligaments
that help to support
the hip joint.
03:19
These ligaments
are very much named
after the bones which
they originate from.
03:24
So here we have the
Pubofemoral ligament.
03:27
Here we have the
Iliofemoral ligament.
03:29
And more posteriorly, we have
the Ishiofemoral ligament.
03:33
So these ligaments are running
alongside the joint capsule.
03:36
We have three of them,
which originate from those three
bones that form the acetabulum.
03:41
Iliofemoral, Pubofemoral,
and Ishiofemoral ligaments.
03:46
Here we can see the blood supply
that goes to supply the
joint capsule around the hip.
03:50
It's originating from numerous branches
including the obturator artery,
the femoral artery, and the
deep artery of the thigh.
03:58
All of these main trunks give
rise to numerous branches
that surround the hip joint and give
it a wide range of blood supply.
04:06
For example, we have the superior
and inferior gluteal arteries
originating from the
internal Iliac artery.
04:13
We then have the two circumflex
arteries, medial and lateral,
which are coming from the
deep artery of the thigh.
04:19
So we spoke previously in the overview
of the blood supply to the lower limb
that these form an important and that's
demotic loop around the hip joint.
04:30
Specifically, we touched
on how the obturator artery
passing through the obturator canal
that deficit in obturator membrane.
04:37
How its two anterior and posterior
branches form an important anastomosis.
04:42
This gives rise to
an acetabulum branch
that passes all the way
to the head of the femur
running within the ligament
of the head of the femur.
04:51
So an alternative blood supply
that's running straight in
to the substance of
the femur itself.
04:58
So now, let's look at the movements
that occur at the hip joint.
05:02
We have the femur moving anteriorly
here within the sagittal plane,
and that is going to be Flexion.
05:08
We also have the femur
moving posteriorly here
within the sagittal plane,
and that is going
to be Extension.
05:14
We also have the femur able
to move towards the midline
and we call this Adduction.
05:19
We also have the femur then moving
laterally away from the midline,
and this is going
to be Abduction.
05:27
We also have a degree of
rotation at the hip joints,
we have external or
lateral rotation,
and we can also have medial
or internal rotation.
05:36
So a range of movements that
can occur at the hip joint.