00:01
So now let's start looking
at the individual bones
in some detail that
make up the lower limb.
00:06
Let's start with the hip bone.
00:09
So first of all, let's
orientate ourselves.
00:11
And it's important to imagine
we have our two hip bones,
which united centrally via the
sacrum we can see here in green.
00:18
This is the inferior continuation
of the vertebral column.
00:21
And then obviously, we have
the coccyx following more
inferiorly at the very inferior
tip of the vertebral column.
00:28
Then either side of the sacrum
we have our two pelvic bones.
00:32
These, as I said united
posteriorly by way of the sacrum,
and then most anteriorly,
we'll see we have
the pubic symphysis
which unites the two pelvic bones
at the most anterior aspect.
00:44
The pelvic bones are very
broad, they're quite thin bones.
00:47
And they're vitally
important in both protecting
the growing embryo and
fetus in the female,
but also forming attachment
sites for the femur,
which forms that important
beginning of the lower limb
musculature that helps us to
move and maintain our posture.
01:05
Here we can see where
the sacrum and the pelvis
are united at the
sacroiliac joint.
01:09
And then if we look at the
individual pelvic bone on its own,
so we've removed the
sacrum, we've removed the
corresponding pelvic
bone from the other side,
we're just looking
at the anterior
surface here of an
isolated pelvic bone.
01:24
We can see we have this
medial internal surface,
we can see here that's
an important site for
muscle attachments which
we can come to later on.
01:32
We also have a lateral
or external surface
and just at the bottom
there, you can see where we'd
have the acetabulum as
we rotate the pelvis now,
so we're just looking
at its lateral surface.
01:43
And that is where the head
of the femur will sit.
01:47
If we look at other
structures, the pelvic bone,
we can actually make out that
there are three bones that form it.
01:53
In green here, we
have the ilium.
01:56
In blue here, we have the
ischium most posteriorly
and then finally, the
third bone is the pubis.
02:03
And actually all of
these three bones
adhere together
at the acetabulum.
02:08
There is a union between
the ischium and the pubis
most inferiorly at the
ischium pubic ramus.