00:01
Under non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, in general,
most of your non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma will be in B-cell origin.
00:09
T-cell origin is extremely rare.
00:13
Usually presents with widespread
lymphadenopathy and what we’ll do
we’ll compare and contrast non-Hodgkin
versus Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
00:21
You have something called B symptoms
that you want to very much be aware of.
00:25
Your B symptoms include night
sweats, weight loss, and fever.
00:29
Doesn’t this sound like a
presentation of tuberculosis?
Very much so.
00:34
However, one has nothing
to do with the other.
00:37
Not only can you find B symptoms
with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,
but you would also find it
with Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
00:43
That has to be kept in mind.
00:45
And by the way, when you
think about lymphoma,
apart from non-Hodgkin’s
being B-cell,
so are Hodgkin’s.
00:52
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, that Reed-Sternberg
cell, is a variant of a B-Cell.
00:59
I will continue comparing and contrasting
NHL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, with Hodgkin’s.
01:05
In non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the spread
of your cancer will be non-contiguous.
01:15
What does that even mean?
Meaning to say that the lymph node that are
being affected in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,
maybe cervical lymph node
may then spread down to,
well, let’s say down in the
abdominal, so on and so forth,
meaning to say it’s not
spreading in sequential order.
01:31
Whereas if it is going to
be Hodgkin’s lymphoma,
maybe it will be the cervical
and mediastinal involvement
and that has contiguous spread.
01:41
Non-Hodgkin’s, non-contiguous.
01:45
In non-Hodgkin’s, you would have
extranodal involvement to be quite common.
01:50
In Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the extranodal
involvement would be extremely rare.
01:55
Example for this would be, at some point,
we’ll talk about diffuse
large B-cell lymphoma,
which is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
02:02
And oftentimes is associated
with the gut in the GI system.
02:07
And there will be an extranodal involvement
of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
02:10
And, yes, you heard correctly,
it’s a B-cell lymphoma in the GI.
02:18
The non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the CD
stands for cluster differentiation.
02:22
The cell surface markers used in flow,
which is something that you are extremely
familiar with from immunology.
02:29
If not, please become familiar.
02:32
And immunohistochemistry analysis to
subtype the lymphoma and leukemia .
02:36
And so therefore, like flow,
you have an X and Y axis
and depending as to what that
marker might be for example,
you definitely want to know 19
and 20 as being B-cell markers.
02:46
You want to know lower grades of CD as
being T-cell markers, especially CD 5,
and CD 138 would represent kappa,
lambda and kappa much more so
and these are your plasma
cells markers, welcome to?
Good.
03:01
Multiple myeloma and perhaps Waldenstrom.
03:05
We’ll talk more about that
CD 5 when the time is right
so that you can properly
rule out certain cancers.