00:01
Hello! Welcome to neuropathology.
00:04
I’d recommend that you have a formal grasp
of neuroanatomy before embarking upon
our lecture series together here in neuropathology.
00:11
We’ll begin our topic by looking at stroke,
the stroke itself in general as we
go through the various categories.
00:20
Strokes are a leading cause of death in the US, and
the second most common cause of mortality worldwide.
00:26
Now, as we go through stroke, I’m going to give you
some differentials, things that you want to keep in mind,
as we’ve been doing throughout our entire course.
00:32
Here, you want to be able to differentiate between
a stroke versus a transient ischemic attack.
00:39
And the reason for that is because the
symptoms that the patient is going to present
will be quite similar, won’t they?
However, the time course is extremely different.
00:49
We’ll talk about that in a second.
00:51
Now, how did the stroke take place?
How is there decrease in blood
supply taking place to the brain
in which all of a sudden
you’ve lost your functioning?
Well, if it is transient ischemic attack, well
usually now, define it as being stroke-like symptoms
but then, the symptoms go away and the
patient comes back to being normal.
01:12
For example, a family, husband and wife,
sitting in a living room, watching TV,
and they’re watching their favorite
show, maybe perhaps Full House.
01:22
And all of a sudden, the husband
is having a hard time with vision,
having a hard time speaking, slurred speech, and really
is having a hard time getting out of his recliner.
01:36
The wife gets extremely concerned and so therefore,
go to the doctor, and only to come to find out that
in a very transient amount of time, maybe
less than an hour, all the symptoms go away.
01:48
That’s transient ischemic attack.
01:51
The symptoms are extremely
similar to stroke, aren’t they?
But it goes away.
01:55
However, what you need to keep in mind is
that this is a risk factor for a stroke
or impending stroke about to happen.
02:03
And so therefore, you need to quite aggressive with
your patient to make sure that if it is a microembolism
that is being set off into the circulation of the
brain then it has to be treated appropriately.
02:18
The pathophys, now 85% of strokes
that do occur are of ischemic nature
whereas 15% could be hemorrhagic.
02:28
And therefore, our time and your time
should be focused upon ischemic and then,
to make sure that we’re complete, I’d give you
a proper definition of a hemorrhagic stroke.