00:01
So the brachial artery begins at the inferior
border of teres major, like I said, a direct
continuation of the axillary artery. It passes
through the arm anterior to triceps and brachialis.
00:14
So it’s found in a cleft between biceps
brachii and brachialis. So we can just about
make out brachialis here. And here, we have
biceps and it’s running in a cleft between
those two muscles. It gives off lateral branches,
and these are numerous unnamed branches, these
are the ones I referred to here, and they go to the
muscles of the anterior compartment.
00:40
Coming off laterally as well is the nutrient artery
to the humerus. We had a nutrient artery to
the clavicle, so we have a nutrient artery
to the humerus. Coming away from its more
medial aspect, we have profunda brachii. And
profunda brachii is an important muscle as
it supplies the posterior compartment. So
we have profunda brachii. We can just about
make out that passing here. We’ll see that in
greater detail when we look at the posterior
compartment. But it also gives rise to some
superior and inferior ulnar collateral branches.
01:17
And we can see these coming here. We can see
a superior ulnar collateral artery running
down, and we can see an inferior ulnar collateral
artery. And these arteries are important as they’re
going to form anastomosis around the elbow
joint. And we’ll see that when we look at
the elbow joint in more detail. But some of
these branches come from the brachial artery.
01:40
These are the superior and inferior collateral
branches. So now let’s look at the posterior
aspect of the arm, and also the axilla and
some of these scapular branches that I’ve
been talking about. Here in the diagram, we
can see the posterior aspect of the upper
limb, its shoulder region and the humerus
in the arm region here on the right
upper limb. So we can see that the blood supply
to this region is going to be from the third
part of the axillary artery. We have the posterior
circumflex artery. Remember, this one is passing
through the quadrangular space. Here, we have
the quadrangular space. Remember the boundaries
of the quadrangular space. Laterally, we have
the surgical neck of the humerus. Medially,
we have the long head of triceps. Superiorly,
we have teres minor. And inferiorly, we have
teres major. We have it passing out in this
direction passing towards the deltoid muscle.
02:44
So we’ve got the posterior circumflex artery
passing out alongside the axillary nerve within
the quadrangular space. Then we can see we
have this circumflex scapular artery.
03:00
The circumflex scapular artery comes from the
subscapular artery that we mentioned, and
that runs over the posterior surface of the
scapula. And we can see it’s running over
the posterior surface of the scapula, the
circumflex scapular artery, and that’s anastomosing
with the suprascapular artery. And the suprascapular
artery is running over that suprascapular
notch that we mentioned in the first lecture.
So we've got the suprascapular artery and we’ve
got the circumflex scapular artery and these
are forming a complex anastomosis around
the scapula. If we then look at branches coming from
the brachial artery, then the most important
one of these is profunda brachii. This is running
alongside the radial nerve and they leave
the axilla by passing through the triangular
interval posterior compartment of the arm.
03:58
They enter the posterior compartment of the
arm by running through the triangular interval.
04:03
We can see the triangular interval here. As
it’s running down the profunda brachii between
the medial and lateral heads of triceps brachii,
we can see it here, it gives rise to a series
of collateral arteries, and these are collateral
arteries. We’ve got a medial, we’ve got
a radial collateral artery, and we’ve got some
anterior branches of the radial collateral
artery here. These are all passing down to
anastomose around the elbow joint. So that
they will form important anastomosis around the
elbow joint as they’re running distally
towards the elbow. And these are coming off
the anterior and posterior, radial collateral
arteries coming from the profunda brachii
artery. So now let’s move into the forearm,