00:01
Here we have Cerebral Palsy, the static disorder of primarily motor deficit of cerebral origin.
00:09
Seizures are a common comorbidity and developmental delay or intellectual disability may be seen.
00:16
Incidence, pretty high -- 3 per 1,000 live births.
00:21
Different types: Spastic being the most common, hypertonic;
You can have hypotonic (flaccid), ataxic, dystonic, which is athetoid, or mixed types of cerebral palsy.
00:37
Distribution: Hemiplegic, quadriplegic, or diplegic which then includes both the legs
and the arms and you have a diplegic type of gait where you have circumduction
that’s taking place of the legs as the patient’s moving from one side to the other.
00:54
Different distributions in terms of your patient with cerebral palsy, you pay attention to the diplegic gait please.
01:02
Risk factors: Prematurity, extremely common; low birth weight;
chorioamnionitis -- infection of the placenta; prenatal virus infection, prenatal strokes,
perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult; all possible causes of cerebral palsy.
01:20
Intellectual disability, what does this mean to you?
Below average intellectual function, usually an IQ of less than 70, below average adaptive behavior.
01:32
Not to be confused with developmental delay, the failure to reach a developmental milestone is developmental delay
versus intellectual disability.
01:41
Continue discussion of intellectual disability, trauma could be a passive etiology, prenatal - postnatal.
01:47
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, TORCH organisms infection, chromosomal abnormalities such as Down Syndrome or Fragile X.
01:56
Metabolic disorders such as cretinism or accumulation of what's on is here a ganglioside or GM2, or from Tay-Sachs disease.
02:05
Toxins, fetal alcohol syndrome unfortunately being one of the most common causes of acquired intellectual disability in the US.
02:12
And we have perinatal hypoxic ischemic insult -- all possible causes of intellectual disability.
02:19
Now let’s move to Autism Spectrum Disorder.
02:21
According to DSM-5, Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication.
02:28
Patients have the impairment in social interaction and emotional reciprocity, restricted verbal and non-verbal communication skills,
abnormal language development, lack of facial expression and impaired in personal relationships very early in life.
02:44
They also exhibit repetitive stereotypical patterns such as flipping objects, putting things in a row, performing rituals and rigid thinking.
02:55
Symptoms usually start before the age of three.
02:57
Children typically do not exhibit separation anxiety when they're separated from their caregiver
and they show indifference to the external world.
03:06
These lead to severe functioning impairment.
03:10
The patient’s symptom etiology should not be better explained by intellectual disability or developmental delay.