00:01
Now we're going to look at some
shallow depressions or Fossae
in the skull called
the temporal,
infratemporal and
pterygopalatine fossae.
00:13
We'll start by looking
at the temporal fossa.
00:17
Medially, we have
the parietal bone,
and frontal bone,
and sphenoid bone,
as well as the squamous
portion of that temporal bone.
00:28
Laterally is the fascia
called the temporal fascia
that's going to attach here.
00:37
Anteriorly,
we have the zygomatic
process of the frontal bone
and the frontal process
of the zygomatic bone.
00:49
Superiorly,
there is a line called
the temporal lines
which serve as attachment
for muscle and fascia.
00:57
Inferiorly, we have
that zygomatic arch
and in this fossa,
we're mostly going to find a
very large muscle of mastication
called the temporal
muscle or temporalis.
01:13
There are also
going to be vessels
called the deep temporal
arteries and veins.
01:18
The zygomatic temporal nerve
and a very important branch
of the external carotid,
one of the terminal branches.
01:27
The superficial temporal artery.
01:31
We see various branches as well
such as the middle
temporal artery.
01:37
The infratemporal fossa
is going to be just
below the temporal fossa.
01:43
And so we're going to take an
inferior view from the side.
01:47
We can see the roof
of the fossa here
being composed of the inferior surface
of the greater wing of the sphenoid.
01:57
Here's some more of
the temporal bone
and we see the communication
with the temporal fossa
underneath this arch.
02:07
We see the posterior surface
of the maxilla more anteriorly,
as well as the inferior
orbital fissure.
02:16
Medially, we have something called
the pterygomaxilliary fissure
and the pterygoid process.
02:26
We also see a little bit
of the pharynx from here.
02:30
Laterally, we have that
vertical process of the mandible
that we call the Ramus.
02:36
Let's look at what
is in this fossa.
02:41
So we have a ligament
that's keeping our jaw
connected to the
rest of our skull
that's sphenomandibular
ligament.
02:50
We also have a muscle
mastication in this area.
02:52
We see called the
lateral pterygoid muscle.
02:56
We also have the
other pterygoid muscle
that's more medially the
medial pterygoid muscle
another muscle of mastication.
03:05
We also see in this area,
the mandibular nerve or the
third branch of trigeminal.
03:12
We have the buccal nerve
coming off of it.
03:15
The lingual nerve,
the alveolar nerve.
03:20
The auriculotemporal nerve.
03:23
And then this little thing
here called the chorda tympani
which is actually a portion
of cranial nerve seven
that's essentially
hitching a ride
with the mandibular nerve
in order to reach
its destination.
03:36
So the chorda tympani
is actually a way
for sneaking some cranial
nerve seven fibers
along the lingual nerve
to reach the tongue.
03:46
In terms of arteries,
here we see the external carotid
giving rise to the
maxillary artery branch
around the same time that is giving
rise to the superficial temporal artery.
03:58
We see some branches off of
the maxillary artery as well
including the inferior
alveolar artery
that travels along with
the inferior alveolar nerve
through the mandibular canal.
04:10
We see the middle meningeal
artery coming off the maxillary
which again will enter the skull
in order to supply the meninges.
04:18
We also see the
pterygomeningeal artery,
as well as the posterior
deep temporal artery.
04:27
We also have a pterygoid artery
closer to the area of
the pterygoid muscles,
the buccal artery
in the cheek area.
04:37
And we have an anterior deep
temporal artery as well.
04:40
So that temporal fossa
is very well supplied.
04:45
We also see a descending
palatine artery
in the area of the hard palate.
04:51
There's a superior
alveolar artery
doing the same job as the
inferior alveolar artery
providing blood apply
to the upper teeth.
05:01
In terms of venous drainage,
we have a very large plexus of
veins called the pterygoid plexus.
05:09
The next fossa is the
pterygopalatine fossa,
which gives you some idea of
where it's going to be located,
somewhere in those areas of the
pterygoid muscles and plates
and the palate.
05:21
So we zoom in,
we can see the
anterior wall here,
which is the posterior
aspect of the maxilla.
05:30
And we can see a little
bit of the sphenoid bone
hanging down here as well.
05:36
We see a little bit
of the palatine bone,
which is actually a small
portion of the hard palate.
05:47
There are a few ways to get
to the pterygopalatine fossa.
05:51
Here we see the
inferior orbital fissure
that we saw from an anterior view
of the skull a little while back.
05:59
We have the
pterygomaxillary fissure
in that space between the
pterygoid and the maxilla.
06:06
We have the
sphenopalatine foramen,
which also gives you an
idea of where we're located.
06:13
There is a little narrow opening
here in the area of the palate
called the palatine canal.
06:19
And then there's also
an opening of the skull,
we already saw called
the foramen rotundum.
06:26
Similar in the area of
the pterygoid plates,
we have the pterygoid canal
and a palatovaginal canal.