Ischium

00:01 Now let's look at the second of the three bones that form the ilium.

00:05 And let's have a look at the ischium.

00:08 So here we can see a number of structures in relation to the ischium.

00:13 Again, we're looking at the lateral surface of the pelvic bone here, and we can see actually, as we move now inferiorly to the bottom of this bone, we find the ischium and here we can see outlined in this black dotted line to the left of the screen we have the body of the ischium and then that becomes continuous.

00:33 This is kind of branch that will go on to what we like to see as the pubic bone, the Ramus of the ischium.

00:42 But if we have a look here at the lateral surface, we can see we have a couple of landmarks.

00:47 We have the ischial spine which is protruding quite anteriorly out away from the acetabulum.

00:52 And then we have the ischial tuberosity.

00:54 This is a very prominent, bony protuberance that again offers many sites for muscle attachments.

01:01 Here we can see parts of the acetabulum that the issue in forms this posterior inferior part of the acetabulum, and we can see the issue here in the anteroinferior aspect of the pelvic bone.

01:13 If we then have a closer look, we can see we've got the acetabulum high up on the screen there and just inferior to it, we have this hole and this is known as the obturator foramen, again, allowing important structures to pass between the thigh and the pelvic region.

01:29 We can return to this kind of connecting branching structure that's coming away from the ischial tuberosity most anterior that we mentioned and here we have the Rammus of the ischium.

01:40 Together it moves towards the pubis and joins the inferior pubic ramus and this forms the ischiopubic ramus.

01:48 This is an important connection between the ischium bone anteriorly and the pubic bone posteriorly and it forms the ischiopubic ramus.

01:57 If again, we look at the surfaces of the ischium again, we can orientate ourselves with the acetabulum and the obturator foramen.

02:06 We can see we've got this posterior surface, we've got a femoral surface and here we can see where it's actually facing internally on this medial surface.

02:15 We also have a pelvic surface here, as well.

02:18 So a whole series of various surfaces of these bones which you can find helpful.

02:22 So orientate yourself when you're familiarize yourself with the surfaces and the landmarks on these bones.