Doctoring 2 - Block 3: Brain and Behavior

The Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells	05:48
The Neural Tube and Ventricular System	07:54
Development of Spinal Cord and Brainstem	07:22
Malformations in Cerebellar Development	02:41
Development of Cerebral Cortex	10:49
Development of Eye	08:28
Development of Ear	09:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurology—Embryology“

Organization of the Nervous System	08:19
Major Components of Nerve Tissue	02:49
Neuron	07:38
Major Types of Neurons	07:37
Synapses Are Junctions between Neurons	01:42
Spinal Cord	06:59
The Size of the Gray Matter Varies	03:29
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System	03:27
Arrangement and Locations of Motor and Sensory Neurons	07:15
Dorsal Root Ganglion	02:18
Functional Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System	03:34
Autonomic Ganglion	02:03
Enteric Ganglion	02:27
Structure of Peripheral Nerves and Brain	07:18
The Structure of a Peripheral Nerve	04:59
Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons	03:12
Neuroglial Cells	05:26
Brain	06:03
Meninges	04:55
The Eye: Overview	02:59
The Eye: General Structure	07:50
Iris	03:46
Ciliary Body and Processes	08:22
Lens	03:37
Choroid and the Retina	06:33
Optic Nerve	02:12
Eyelid	04:38
Ear: Overview	02:17
Ear: General Structure	03:01
Bony and Membranous Labyrinth	05:20
Ear: Receptor Cells	04:39
Vestibular System	07:56
Cochlear Duct	02:29
Organ of Corti	03:45
Conduction of Sound	02:47
Ear: Summary	02:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurology—Histology“

Introduction esp. Triangles of the Neck – Neck	05:43
Compartments and Cervical Fascia – Neck	07:19
Fascial Spaces and Surgical Access to Trachea – Neck	05:44
Thyroid Gland – Neck	09:29
Stellate Ganglion Block – Neck	03:52
Thoracic Outlet – Neck	03:46
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – Neck	04:59
Carotid Arterial System – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	05:33
Clinical Correlation: Superficial Temporal Arteritis and Carotid Artery Disease – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	03:42
Subclavian Artery – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	03:21
Clinical Correlation: Vertebral Artery Syndrome – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	01:51
Arterial Supply of the Brain: Circle of Willis – Carotid and Subclavian Arteries	01:38
Cranial Fossae and Foramina (Superior View) – Cranium (Skull)	09:09
Cranial Fossae and Foramina (Inferior and Anterior View) – Cranium (Skull)	03:49
Le Fort Fractures – Cranium (Skull)	03:19
Types of Intracranial Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	01:36
Epidural Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	04:24
Subdural Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	04:17
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)	03:41
Overview of the 7 Extraocular Muscles – Orbital Muscles and Innervation	05:05
Innervation of Extraocular Muscles – Orbital Muscles and Innervation	03:44
Functions of the Extraocular Muscles – Orbital Muscles and Innervation	04:25
Anatomy of the Teeth	14:04
Development of the Teeth	12:28
Classification of the Facial Muscles	01:26
Epicranial Group – Facial Muscles	03:04
Circumorbital and Palpebral Group – Facial Muscles	02:43
Nasal Group – Facial Muscles	03:37
Buccolabial Group – Facial Muscles	11:21
Muscles of Mastication – Facial Muscles	04:12
Blood Supply of the Facial Muscles	02:50
External Ear	08:22
Middle Ear	09:04
Internal Ear	07:50
Clinical Pearls – Ear	02:40
External Nose, Cartilaginous Structures, and Nasal Cavities	06:55
Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity	04:29
Paranasal Sinuses – Nasal Cavity	03:08
Blood Supply, Drainage, and Innervation of the Nasal Cavity	05:52
Clinical Pearls – Nasal Cavity	01:47
Layers, Borders and Spaces of the Pharynx	06:03
Muscular Layers of the Pharynx	07:27
Divisions of the Pharynx: Naso-, Oro- and Laryngopharynx	07:13
Neurovasculature of the Pharynx	02:42
Waldeyer's Ring	01:02
Structure of the Bony Orbit	06:36
Orbital Connective Tissue and Fat	02:09
Neurovasculature of the Orbit	06:35
Extraocular Muscles	05:12
Eyelids	04:42
Lacrimal Apparatus	02:39
Introduction to the Skull	02:38
Frontal Bone	04:54
Parietal Bone	03:44
Ethmoid Bone	05:54
Lacrimal Bone, Nasal Bone and Vomer	02:46
Zygomatic Bone	03:23
Maxilla Bone	06:01
Palatine Bone	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Head and Neck Anatomy with Dr. Canby“

Nerves and Neurotransmission	05:06
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP) and Binding	05:03
Action Potential: Propagation and Myelin	06:06
Glial Cells and Astrocyte Assisted Activities	04:36
Vision: Structure and Function of the Eye	03:52
Vision: Lens, Pupil and Humors	07:11
Vision: Photoreception	04:36
Vision: Signal Termination and Convergence	08:05
Hearing: Hearing Structure and Function	08:43
Hearing: Hair Cells and Semicircular Channels	05:35
Balance: Vestibular Structure and Function	04:12
Balance: Otolith Organs	04:02
Taste-Receptors: Types, Structure, Function & Taste Transduction	07:15
Smell: Transduction and Integration	03:34
Muscle Nerve Fiber Properties	07:42
Renshaw Cells and Muscle Reflexes	03:32
Cutaneous Sensory Afferents	01:57
Mechanoreceptors: En- & Unencapsulated	07:59
Free Nerve Ending (FNE)	05:57
Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	09:03
Hypothalamus and Brainstem	04:03
Circumventricular Organs (CVO's) and Cerebral Spinal Fluid	06:39
Effectors of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	05:39
Autonomic Nervous System: GI Tract and Other Tissues	06:22
Autonomic Nervous System: Skin Appendages and Other Tissues	04:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurophysiology“

Stroke: Introduction	02:40
Ischemic Stroke	03:28
Ischemic Stroke: Characteristics	03:50
Embolism	09:45
Ischemic Stroke Syndromes	03:55
Acute Stroke: Evaluation and Workup	06:53
Ischemic Stroke: Treatment	11:18
Hemorrhagic Stroke	08:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)“

Cerebral Aneurysm: Introduction	06:39
Cerebral Aneurysm: Diagnostic Workup	03:06
Cerebral Aneurysm: Treatment	04:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Cerebral Aneurysm (Intracranial Aneurysm)“

Increased Intracranial Pressure: Introduction	05:24
Brain Herniation	04:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)“

Trauma: Introduction	10:48
Trauma: Epidural and Subdural Hematoma	05:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma“

Spinal Cord Pathology: Introduction	06:34
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Spinal Cord Pathology“

Headache: Introduction	03:36
Acute Headache: Meningitis and Temporal Arteritis	06:55
Acute Headache: Hypertensive Urgency and Cluster Headache (Horton's Syndrome)	05:29
Acute Headaches: Venous Sinus Thrombosis	03:12
Sub-Acute Headache, Chronic Headache and Migraine	06:09
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension	04:29
Brain Tumor and Tension Headaches	04:21
Other Types of Headache	03:19
Indications of Brain Imaging in Headache	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Headache – Pathophysiology“

Seizures: Introduction	02:32
Seizures: Types	05:33
Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures	04:16
Evaluation of the First Non-Febrile Seizure and Childhood Epilepsy	02:40
Epilepsy Syndromes	04:09
Adult Epilepsy	01:49
Antiepileptic Drugs	10:51
Special Considerations, Status Epilepticus, and Summary	04:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Seizures“

CNS Infections: Introduction	02:13
Acute Meningitis	10:23
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Age	03:07
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Head Trauma	03:57
Acute Viral Meningitis	03:17
Tuberculous Meningitis	05:39
Chemical Meningitis, Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis, Neurosyphilis, Lyme Disease	10:21
Fungal and Cryptococcus	04:36
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, Neurocysticercosis and Parasitic Meningoencephalitis	08:39
Brain Abscess	02:21
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: HSV-1 and HSV-2	09:04
HIV-associated Meningoencephalitis	04:33
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (Prion Disease) and Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infections - Clinical Neurology“

Multiple Sclerosis: Introduction	03:29
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Pathology, Location of Lesions	05:57
Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	04:32
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Transverse Myelitis and Central Pontine Myelinolysis	05:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Multiple Sclerosis“

Dementia: Introduction	06:44
Alzheimer's Disease	07:36
Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology and Treatment	10:55
Other Causes of Dementia	12:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Dementia“

Radial Nerve Injury	05:48
Median Nerve Injury	03:19
Ulnar Nerve Injury	03:13
Femoral Nerve Injury	04:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Mononeuropathy“

Polyneuropathy: Introduction	06:11
Metabolic Neuropathies and Diabetic Neuropathy	04:57
Hereditary, Toxic and Infectious Neuropathy	04:17
Entrapment, Compressive and Peripheral Neuropathy	05:03
Neuromuscular Junction and Myasthenia Gravis	06:54
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and Botulinum Toxin	05:42
Myopathy Junction and Dystrophinopathies	05:35
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies and Channelopathies	06:05
Mitochondrial, Inflammatory, Endocrine and Drug Induced Myopathies	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Polyneuropathy“

Tumors of the CNS: Introduction	06:41
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Astrocytoma	05:48
Neuroepithelial Tumors	07:43
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Oligodendroglioma	07:59
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Medulloblastoma	04:00
Meningeal Tumors: Meningioma	05:51
Other Primary CNS Tumors	08:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of the CNS“

Movement Disorders: Introduction	08:45
Parkinson's Disease	06:39
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Degeneration and Multiple System Atrophy	05:25
Huntington's Disease (Huntington's Chorea)	04:10
Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Movement Disorders“

Altered Mental Status and Coma: Introduction	06:48
Coma and Brainstem Reflexes	04:12
Brain Death, Decorticate Posturing, Persistent Vegetative State and Locked-In Syndrome	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Altered Mental Status and Coma“

Vertigo: Introduction	02:17
Dix-Hallpike & Epley Maneuver Test	04:43
Syncope	02:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vertigo and Dizziness“

Sleep Stages	02:13
Sleep Disorders (Dyssomnias)	06:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Sleep“

Embryogenesis	03:33
Cerebral Palsy, Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder	03:19
Development Regression, Neurocutaneous Disorders and Tuberous Sclerosis	05:12
Neurofibromatosis, Hypotonia and Childhood Neurodegenerative Disorders	05:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Neuropathology“

Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain)	06:58
Neuromuscular Disease	08:58
Plexopathy	03:02
Mononeuropathy	02:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Diseases: Hydrocephalus, Neuromuscular Disease, Plexopathy, and Mononeuritis“

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Overview	05:31
Dual Innervation	03:31
Alpha- and Beta-Blockers	04:19
Sympathetic Blockers	04:20
Sympathomimetic Activators	04:22
Sympathomimetic Effects	11:34
Global Effect of Sympathomimetic Drugs on the Vascular System	05:08
Cholinomimetic Activators and Effects	08:20
Cholinergic Toxicity, Myasthenic Crisis and Cholinergic Crisis	03:04
Anticholinergic Drugs	06:29
Quiz zum Kurs „ANS - Pharmacology“

Overview of Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs – Sedative Hypnotics	07:18
Benzodiazepines – Sedative Hypnotics	04:59
Barbiturates – Sedative Hypnotics	02:03
Atypical Sedative Drugs	08:11
Questions – Sedative Hypnotics	02:12
Case Study – Sedative Hypnotics	02:43
Overview – Antidepressants	02:11
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Antidepressants	03:36
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) – Antidepressants	03:10
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs)	06:43
SNRIs, Serotonin Antagonists and SSRIs – Antidepressants	09:07
Review – Antidepressants	01:07
Antidepressants: Case Study	02:29
Overview – Antipsychotics	01:27
Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Dopamine – Antipsychotics	02:55
Bipolar Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	05:19
Psychotic Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	03:06
Clinical Uses of Antipsychotics and Drug Induced Dyskinesia	03:27
Questions – Antipsychotics	02:47
Dopamine Hypothesis – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:53
Dopamine Precursors and Agonists – Treatment of Movement Disorders	05:53
MAO and COMT Inhibitors – Treatment of Movement Disorders	02:57
Amantadine and Anticholinergics – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:17
Medications for Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorders	09:29
Overview – Antiseizure Medications	05:19
Treatment Strategies – Antiseizure Medications	09:45
Levetiracetam (Keppra) – Antiseizure Medications	01:25
Questions – Antiseizure Medications	03:36
Overview – Anesthetic Drugs	00:58
Inhaled Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	04:49
General Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:07
Intravenous Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	03:31
Case Study – Anesthetic Drugs	03:20
Overview – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	01:48
Neuromuscular Blockers – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	04:56
Acute and Chronic Muscle Spasms – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	05:03
Questions – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	06:07
Overview – Local Anesthetics	05:39
Esters and Amides – Local Anesthetics	05:28
Overview – Opioid Analgesics	02:38
Opioid Agonists – Opioid Analgesics	05:38
Mixed Agonists/Antagonists and Antagonists – Opioid Analgesics	04:31
Questions – Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics	05:18
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS - Pharmacology“

Introduction to Myopathy	04:46
Case: 54-year-old Woman with Weakness	03:00
Clinical Approach to Muscle Disorders	03:04
Myopathy and Myositis: Diagnosis	02:04
Evaluation of Muscle Diseases	02:39
Introduction to Inflammatory Myopathies with Case	04:20
Inflammatory Myopathies: Types	02:18
Creatine Kinase Evaluation	04:20
Polymyositis	05:01
Dermatomyositis	05:01
Inclusion Body Myositis	06:51
Necrotizing Autoimmune Myositis	05:20
Overlap Myopathies	03:30
Antibody Assessments – Inflammatory Myopathies	01:54
Management of Inflammatory Myopathies	02:37
Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) – Inflammatory Myalgia	02:07
Introduction to Infectious Myopathies with Case	05:59
HIV-associated Myositis – Infectious Myopathies	03:32
Pathogen Myositis with Trichinella – Infectious Myopathies	05:58
Toxic Myopathies with Case	05:14
Hypothyroid and Hyperthyroid Myopathy	03:19
Statin Myopathy	08:49
Corticosteroid Myopathy	03:46
Critical Illness Myopathy and Other Causes for Myopathy	03:08
Rhabdomyolysis	01:48
Other Metabolic Muscle Diseases	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Acquired Neuromuscular Diseases“

Inherited Muscle Disorders: Evaluation	01:49
Inherited Myopathies: Types	01:21
Muscular Dystrophies	06:24
Introduction to Proximal Predominant Muscular Dystrophies	00:46
Case: 6-year-old Boy with Weakness	03:15
X-linked Dystrophinopathies and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	07:48
Becker Muscular Dystrophy and Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD)	06:45
Distal Predominant Muscular Dystrophies	05:53
Other Muscular Dystrophies	03:36
Case: 5-month-old Girl with Weakness	03:06
Evaluation of the Hypotonic Infant	03:17
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy and Congenital Myopathy	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders“

General Approach to Neuromuscular Junction Disorders	04:18
Case: 32-year-old Woman with Weakness	03:15
Physiology of the Neuromuscular Junction	02:33
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders: Clinical Features and Pathophysiology	03:01
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders: Summary	01:41
Case: 32-year-old Woman with Weakness and Sustained Upgaze	04:07
Myasthenia Gravis: Introduction and Clinical Features	04:00
Myasthenia Gravis: Clinical and Serological Tests – Diagnosis	07:44
Myasthenia Gravis: Repetitive Stimulation – Diagnosis	06:43
Myasthenia Gravis: Antibody Testing – Diagnosis	03:20
Myasthenia Gravis: Treatment	07:13
Case: 72-year-old Woman with Weakness	05:16
Botulinum Toxin Toxicity: Overview	02:32
Botulinum Toxin Toxicity: Pathophysiology and Treatment	02:37
Case: 42-year-old Man with Weakness	03:39
Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS): Overview	02:42
Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS): Workup and Testing	04:00
Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS): Pathophysiology and Treatment	04:02
Organophosphate Poisoning	04:04
Transient Neonatal Myasthenia	01:10
Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS)	01:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junctions“

Case: 21-year-old Triathlete with Progressive Weakness	03:34
Peripheral Neuropathy: Anatomical and Functional Classification	07:59
Peripheral Neuropathy: Parts of Nerves Involved	05:33
Peripheral Neuropathy: Approach According to Its Location	08:56
Peripheral Neuropathy: Diagnostic Testing	17:00
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Neuropathy Disorders“

Case: 45-year-old Man with Hands Numbness	02:42
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment	05:27
Case: 45-year-old with Diabetes Mellitus	03:14
AIDP: Rapidly Progressive Ascending Paralysis	06:39
AIDP: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis	03:46
AIDP: Treatment and Variants	04:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP)“

Case: 55-year-old Man Presents with Progressive Weakness of the Legs	03:17
CIDP: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatments	03:24
CIDP: Variants	06:08
Inherited Polyneuropathy	04:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)“

Case: 35-year-old with Difficulty Walking	02:39
Infectious Polyneuropathy	03:48
Paraneoplastic, Neoplastic, and Paraproteinemic Polyneuropathy	06:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Non-inflammatory Neuropathies“

Case: 59-year-old with a History of Diabetes Mellitus	02:42
Toxic and Metabolic Polyneuropathies	02:34
Diabetic and Alcohol-induced Polyneuropathies	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Toxic and Metabolic Polyneuropathies“

Case: 45-year-old Man with Bilateral Lower Extremity Weakness and Numbness	05:51
Introduction to Spinal Cord	06:52
Myelopathy	02:48
Case: 53-year-old Woman with Progressive Weakness and Balance Difficulty	03:21
How to Approach Spinal Cord Pathology (Macro)	04:05
How to Approach Spinal Cord Pathology (Micro)	05:40
Continuation of Case: 53-year-old Woman with Progressive Weakness and Balance Difficulty	05:44
Case: 58-year-old Woman with Weakness and Neck Pain	03:00
Intradural Extramedullary Myelopathy	04:14
Case: 50-year-old Woman with Lower Extremity Weakness	06:42
Intradural Intramedullary Myelopathy	02:58
Case: 53-year-old Man with Numbness in Lower Extremities	03:48
Myelopathy – Vascular Disorders with Case	07:02
Case: 22-year-old Woman with Back Pain and Autonomic Symptoms	04:31
Myelopathy – Conus Medullaris vs. Cauda Equina	04:36
Case: 45-year-old Man with Lower Extremity Weakness	03:30
Toxic and Metabolic Causes of Myelopathy	04:51
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Myelopathy	06:47
Case: 57-year-old Woman with Leg and Back Pain	03:13
Radiculopathy	06:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Spinal Cord​“

Case: 56-year-old Woman with Left Extremity Weakness	09:43
Introduction to Motor Neurons and Motor/Sensory Pathways	06:41
Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Diseases: Clinical Manifestations	06:56
Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Etiology	04:44
Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Diseases: Diagnosis and Management	08:24
Case: 53-year-old Man with Generalized Weakness	03:25
Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Diseases: Differential Diagnosis	06:47
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Other Motor Neuron Diseases	14:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Motor Neurons“

Introduction to Neuroinflammatory Disorders	07:21
Neuroinflammatory Disorders: Classification	06:09
Overview of CNS Inflammatory Diseases	06:47
Case: 51-year-old with Left Hand Numbness	04:28
Clinically Isolated Syndrome: Clinical Manifestations and Classification	12:30
Clinically Isolated Syndrome: Diagnostics and Treatment	09:22
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)	03:36
Case: 21-year-old Woman with Blurry Vision	04:05
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	04:04
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Diagnosis and Evolution of Disease	06:00
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Management	05:25
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)	09:31
MOG Ab Disorder	08:07
MS, NMO, MOG Disorder	05:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS​“

Stroke: Introduction and Types	04:35
Overview of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke	07:18
Stroke: Pathophysiology	11:08
Case: 45-year-old Man Presenting with a Stroke – Diagnosis	06:16
Clinical Assessment of Stroke	06:41
Clinical Question: Anterior or Posterior Circulation Stroke?	01:54
Clinical Question: Cortical, Subcortical or Brainstem Localization?	12:04
Stroke: Localization	11:23
Case: 45-year-old Man Presenting with a Stroke – Management	04:31
Acute Ischemic Stroke: Management and Evaluation	02:00
Clinical Question: Acute or Mimic Stroke?	06:51
Clinical Question: tPA or Endovascular Therapy?	04:02
NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)	03:33
Acute Ischemic Stroke: Major Treatment Types	10:53
Case: 45-year-old Man Presenting with a Stroke	07:26
Stroke: Evaluating Stroke Extension	02:21
Stroke: Work-up and Etiology	04:11
Stroke: Complications	02:52
Management of the Case: 45-year-old Man Presenting with a Stroke	05:18
Stroke: Pharmacological Prevention	08:46
Case: 35-year-old Presenting with Hemiplegia	02:56
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Types and Epidural Hematoma	05:09
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Subdural Hematoma and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	05:50
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Intraparenchymal, Intraventricular, Hypertensive, and Transformation Hemorrhage	05:49
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Evaluation	03:08
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Management	07:47
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Amyloid Angiopathy, Vascular Lesions, and Neoplasms	03:16
Intracranial Hemorrhage: Evaluation and Summary	06:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Stroke and Intracranial Hemorrhage“

Seizures, Epilepsy, and Spells: Introduction and Differentiation	08:45
Seizures: Types and Classification	08:37
Seizures: Mechanisms	07:36
Seizures: Semiology	06:06
Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Syndromes	04:02
Seizures: Evaluation and Functionality of the EEG	08:48
Seizures: Treatment	05:54
Diagnosis and Evaluation of a Spell with Case	07:04
Review of Seizure Systems	01:49
Differentiating Seizure from Syncope and from Psychogenic Nonepileptic Spells (PNES)	06:32
Evaluation of Seizure-like Episodes	02:41
Case: 45-year-old Man with a Seizure-like Episode	03:40
Seizure: Classification and Focal vs. Generalized Onset	05:04
First-time Seizure: Evaluation, History, and Examination	06:56
Second Seizure: History and Forms of Screening	10:45
Second Seizure: Summary and Precautions	04:55
Case: 57-year-old Man with a History of Epilepsy	03:13
Status Epilepticus: Evaluation, Prognosis, and Classification	10:31
Status Epilepticus: Emergency Treatment, Initial Investigation and Long-term Treatment	05:51
Status Epilepticus: Stages and Pathophysiology	08:06
Status Epilepticus: Treatment and Types	10:07
Case: 13-year-old Boy on Referral from His PCP	03:59
Epilepsy Syndrome: Introduction and Classification	04:04
Idiopathic Generalized Onset and Idiopathic Focal Onset Epilepsies	10:29
Symptomatic Epilepsies	10:37
Case: 57-year-old Woman with Seizure-like Episodes	05:57
Partial Onset Epilepsy: Treatment	04:02
Medication for Focal Onset and Primary Generalized Epilepsy – Seizure Treatment	04:33
Common Seizure Medications – Seizure Treatment	08:23
Top 10 Seizure Treatment Tips with Cases	07:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Seizures and Epilepsy“

Case: 68-year-old Man with Progressive Altered Mental Status	03:24
Head Trauma: Introduction and Diffuse Axonal Injury	08:18
Head Trauma: Clinical Manifestations and Glasgow Coma Scale	05:08
Head Trauma: Diagnosis and Management	04:20
Traumatic Brain Injury: Introduction	03:20
Traumatic Brain Injury: Diagnosis	04:33
Mild and Sport-related Traumatic Brain Injury	07:14
Traumatic Brain Injury: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy	01:48
Traumatic Brain Injury: Management	03:47
Case: 6-year-old Girl Hits Her Head	02:33
Epidural Hematoma: Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis	06:09
Epidural Hematoma: Management	04:07
Case: 68-year-old Man with Progressive Altered Mental Status and Gaze	03:15
Subdural Hematoma: Etiology and Clinical Presentation	06:33
Subdural Hematoma: Diagnosis and Management	04:03
Case: 43-year-old Woman with Altered Mental Status	02:08
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis	06:17
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Management	02:50
Case: 23-year-old Woman Involved in a Motor Vehicle Accident	01:31
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage	04:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Head Trauma“

Introduction to CNS Infections	01:57
Anatomy of the Dura	03:34
Approach to CNS Infections: CSF Analysis	05:43
Microbes that cause CNS Infections	04:13
Case: 76-year-old Woman with Headache	03:41
Bacterial Meningitis: Introduction and Symptoms	05:41
Bacterial Meningitis: Examination	03:51
Bacterial Meningitis: Diagnosis	06:58
Case: 76-year-old Woman with Headache – Follow Up	02:24
Bacterial Meningitis: Treatment	02:49
Viral and Non-bacterial Meningitis	02:25
Case: 61-year-old Man with Headache	04:29
Encephalitis: Introduction and Symptoms	03:32
Encephalitis: Examination	03:07
Other Viral Encephalitis	02:11
Encephalitis: Treatment	00:57
Case: 56-year-old Man with Headache	02:55
Cerebritis and Brain Abscess	06:39
Case: 58-year-old Woman with Headache	04:51
Cryptococcal Meningitis	02:12
Toxoplasmic Meningitis	03:06
Neurocysticercosis: Introduction	02:03
Neurocysticercosis: Life Cycle, Presentation, and Disease Stages	05:39
Neurocysticercosis: Treatment	03:09
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infections​“

Parkinsonism: Introduction and Basal Ganglia Circuitry	07:07
Parkinsonism: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	07:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Parkinson Disease“

Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: Etiology, Epidemiology	02:45
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis	12:17
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: Treatment	06:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Idiopathic Parkinson Disease“

Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Introduction	07:28
Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Multiple System Atrophy	06:35
Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Corticobasal (Ganglionic) Degeneration	05:22
Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy	05:16
Parkinson-Plus Syndromes: Dementia with Lewy Bodies	03:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Parkinson-Plus Syndromes“

Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders: Tremors	09:16
Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders: Ballismus	03:21
Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders: Chorea and Huntington’s Disease	05:05
Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders: Other	04:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Non-parkinsonian Movement Disorders“

Case: 65-year-old Man with Cognitive Dysfunction	03:31
Dementia vs. Mild Cognitive Impairment	08:31
Mild Cognitive Impairment	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Dementing Diseases“

Case: 74-year-old with Cognitive Dysfunction	02:44
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Alzheimer Dementia	03:50
Pathophysiology of Alzheimer Dementia	05:44
Natural History and Progression of Alzheimer Dementia	04:12
Alzheimer Dementia: Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis	07:49
Alzheimer Dementia: Treatment	03:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Alzheimer Dementia“

Other Dementia: Classification	01:21
Other Dementia: Frontotemporal Lobar Dementia	06:17
Other Dementia: Lewy Body Dementia	04:43
Other Dementia: Vascular Dementia	03:02
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus	05:30
Differentiating Dementia	01:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Dementias“

Brain Tumors: Introduction, Classification, and Diagnostic Evaluation	08:09
Case: 32-year-old-Woman with Bradyphrenia	03:53
Metastatic Brain Tumors: Introduction	03:47
Metastatic Brain Tumors: Surgery – Treatment	02:26
Metastatic Brain Tumors: Radiosurgery – Treatment	05:19
Metastatic Brain Tumors: Chemotherapy – Treatment	01:48
Case: 40-year-old Woman with Headache	02:59
Meningioma: Introduction	02:29
Meningioma: Clinical Presentation and Evaluation	07:42
Meningioma: Treatment	05:24
Case: 67-year-old Woman with Headaches	04:51
Pituitary Tumors: Introduction	01:23
Pituitary Tumors: Clinical Presentation	03:34
Pituitary Tumors: Evaluation and Imaging	04:57
Pituitary Tumors: Treatment	05:18
Case: 49-year-old Man with Headache	05:42
Glioma: Introduction and Clinical Presentation	04:18
Glioma: Grading with MRI and Contrast Enhancement	03:03
Glioma: Grading with Tissue Sample	07:07
Glioma: Genetic Risk Assessment	04:20
Glioma: Treatment	08:48
Case: 21-year-old Man with Pain	05:17
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Introduction	01:50
Knudson’s Two-Hit Hypothesis of Tumor Formation	05:53
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Diagnosing Criteria	03:53
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Clinical Presentation	10:25
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Treatment	01:40
Case: 42-year-old Woman with Loss of Hearing	03:45
Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Introduction	03:47
Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Diagnosing Criteria	02:57
Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Clinical Presentation	06:12
Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Treatment	01:40
Case: 2.5-month-old Infant with Spasms	03:13
Tuberous Sclerosis: Introduction	03:06
Tuberous Sclerosis: Diagnosing Criteria	02:25
Tuberous Sclerosis: Clinical Presentation	04:15
Tuberous Sclerosis: Treatment	02:36
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Tumors“

Introduction to Sleep	02:52
Circadian Rhythm	02:06
Stages of Sleep	06:32
Case: 45-year-old with Difficulty Sleeping	02:40
Insomnia: Classification and Pathophysiology	05:43
Insomnia: Diagnosis	04:49
Insomnia: Management	04:53
Case: 54-year-old with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness	02:01
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-wake Disorders and Delayed Sleep-wake Phase Disorder	03:10
Sleep-wake Phase Disorder: Advance, Irregular, and Non-24-hour	03:14
Sleep-wake Phase Disorder: Shift Work Disorder and Jet Lag	01:43
Sleep-wake Phase Disorder: Management	03:50
Case: 39-year-old Acting Out Dreams	02:17
Introduction to Parasomnias	05:29
NREM-related Parasomnias	05:34
REM-related Parasomnias and Management of Parasomnias	05:28
Case: 12-year-old with Hallucinations	02:06
Introduction to Narcolepsy	04:26
Narcolepsy: Epidemiology and Clinical Features	02:42
Narcolepsy: Diagnosis	04:15
Narcolepsy: Management	03:35

Case: 34-year-old Woman with Severe Dizziness	03:44
Dizziness: Signs and Symptoms	04:57
Introduction to Nonspecific Dizziness	01:30
Dysequilibrium and Cerebellar Diseases	09:30
Case: 67-year-old Woman with Gait Dysfunction	05:44
Cerebellum: Lobes – Anatomy Review	03:13
Case: 14-year-old Girl with Dizziness	05:40
Cerebellum: Afferent and Efferent Pathways – Anatomy Review	05:36
Case: 53-year-old Man with Ataxia	05:02
Cerebellum: Nuclei – Anatomy Review	03:02
Case: 68-year-old Man Presenting with Fainting Episodes	04:39
Syncope: Definition, Etiology, and Causes	05:30
Neurally Mediated Syncope: Definition, Pathophysiology, and Classification	10:03
Syncope: Evaluation, Treatment, and Management	03:35
Case: 34-year-old with Dizziness	05:22
Review of the Vestibular System and Evaluation of Vertigo	04:15
Vertigo: Types	07:19
Acute Vestibular Syndrome: Causes and Differentiation	04:49
Exam Techniques: Head Impulse Test (HIT), Nystagmus, and Test of Skew	08:31
HINTS of INFARCT	01:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Vertigo, Dizziness, and Disorders of Balance“

Introduction to Headaches: Groups and 3-Step-Evaluation System	04:18
Step 1: Primary and Secondary Headaches and Types of Headaches	09:32
Step 2: Options for Diagnostic Testing and Clues to Severe Disease	05:32
Step 3: Treatment of Headaches	03:34
Case: 45-year-old Woman with Headache	03:27
Thunderclap Headache: Overview, Evaluation, and Management	12:04
Case: 67-year-old Woman with History of Migraines	03:02
Headache with Visual Disturbances	16:13
Case: 68-year-old Man with Squamous Cell Carcinoma	03:21
Neuralgiform Headaches	08:28
Case: 57-year-old Woman with Headache when Sitting Up	04:25
Low-pressure Headache	12:47
Case: 38-year-old Obese Woman with Headache	04:17
High-pressure Headache	11:00
Case: 30-year-old Woman with Episodic Headache	02:29
Chronic, Recurrent, and Episodic Headaches	08:27
Migraine: Aura, Triggers, Evaluation, and Treatment	09:14
Migraine: Prophylaxis and Medications	06:03
Case: 25-year-old Man with Cluster of Headaches	03:05
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs)	04:40
Cluster Headaches	04:54
Paroxysmal Hemicrania	04:21
SUNCT and SUNA	04:26
Hemicrania Continua	04:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Headache“

Neuropathic Pain: Esthesia, Algesia, Pathia, and Dynia	07:19
Neuropathic Pain: Understanding Reflex Arcs	03:33
Neuropathic Pain: Clues to Locate the Lesion (CNS or PNS)	02:50
Neuropathic Pain: Locating a Lesion in the PNS	02:51
Case: 53-year-old Man with Intense Hip Pain	06:38
Case: 31-year-old Woman with Pruritic Vesicles	05:52
Diabetic Polyneuropathy	02:19
Chemotherapy-induced Polyneuropathy	03:01
Case: 43-year-old Woman with Sharp Pain on the Right Side of Her Face	05:25
Neuropathic Pain: Thalamic Pain Syndrome	01:52
Neuropathic Pain: Treatment	04:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Neuropathic Pain Syndromes​“

Altered Mental Status (AMS – Emergency Medicine)	04:58
Altered Mental Status (AMS): Common Causes	02:43
Altered Mental Status (AMS): First steps	04:36
Altered Mental Status (AMS): History	09:37
Altered Mental Status (AMS): Management	02:50
Headache (Emergency Medicine)	08:38
Migraine: Presentation & Diagnosis	02:59
Migraine: Management	02:23
Cluster Headache (Emergency Medicine)	02:21
Secondary Headache (Emergency Medicine)	04:04
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS – Emergency Medicine)	07:33
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS): Signs & Symptoms	02:39
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS): Examination	05:06
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS): Diagnosis	04:59
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS): Management	06:09
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH – Emergency Medicine)	04:43
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH): Examination & Diagnosis	03:43
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH): Management	05:07
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH – Emergency Medicine)	03:56
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): Diagnosis	04:34
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): Management	02:14
Seizures (Emergency Medicine)	05:21
Seizures: Pathophysiology	06:07
Seizure: Examination	03:48
Seizure: Diagnosis	06:15
Seizure: Management	07:20
Meningitis and Encephalitis (Emergency Medicine)	07:57
Meningitis and Encephalitis: Examination	03:21
Meningitis and Encephalitis: Diagnosis	07:52
Meningitis and Encephalitis: Management & Prophylaxis	04:20
Suicidal Patients (Emergency Medicine)	03:45
Methods of Suicide	03:46
Suicidal Patients: Diagnosis	02:32
Suicidal Patients: Management	02:38
Suicidal Patients: Documentation and Disposition	03:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurologic and Psychiatric Emergencies“

Seizures in Children: Introduction	09:10
Status Epilepticus: Management	03:31
Generalized Seizure in Children	07:25
Febrile Seizure	06:24
Ataxia in Children	05:54
Migraines and Headaches in Children	05:40
Secondary Headache in Children	07:06
Guillan-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)	08:13
Muscular Dystrophy in Children	07:59
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) in Children	03:56
Infant Botulism	05:26
Myasthenia Gravis in Children	03:14
Cerebral Palsy (CP)	04:51
Intellectual Disability in Children	02:57
Tics and Tourettes in Children	05:34
Tuberous Sclerosis in Children	04:27
Neurofibromatosis (NF) and Sturge Weber Syndrome	06:04
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Hydrocephalus & Dandy-Walker Variant (DWV)	10:13
Arnold-Chiari Malformations and Craniosynostosis	07:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Neurology“

Frameworks of Cellular Pathology	12:54
Mechanisms of Cell Injury	07:06
Subcellular Organization	04:57
Basic Cell Housekeeping Functions	04:24
Phospholipids in Cell Membranes	08:18
Membrane Proteins	04:09
Resulting Condition: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria	04:09
Membrane Proteins Provide Cellular Structure	01:54
Resulting Condition: Hereditary Spherocytosis	03:27
Resulting Condition: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	04:24
Plasma Membrane Proteins Create Unique Domains	02:05
Cell Polarity	02:43
Movement of Ions and Small Molecules Across Membranes	03:31
Gibbs-Donnan Effect with Example of RBCs in Hyper- or Hypotonic Solutions	03:55
Resulting Condition: Cystic Fibrosis	06:12
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Potocytosis	03:17
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Pinocytosis	05:57
Movement of Larger Molecules Across Membranes: Phagocytosis	01:34
Movement of Large Molecules Across Membranes: Exocytosis	02:49
Movement of Large Molecules Across Membranes: Transcytosis	02:18
Gap Junctions	02:21
Signaling Pathways	06:15
Wnt/beta-catenin Signaling Pathway with Resulting Condition: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli	03:25
Cytoskeleton: Actin Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubule	04:59
Cell-cell Junctions and Cell-matrix Junctions	03:56
Motor Proteins: Kinesin and Dynein	02:05
Cilia and Flagella Movement	02:30
Resulting Condition: Kartagener’s Syndrome	01:53
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response	05:46
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesis of Lipids and Hormones and Solubilization	02:59
Targeted Protein Degradation	06:21
Responding to Hypoxia	03:08
Resulting Condition: von-Hippel-Lindau Disease	02:22
Phagocytosis	01:13
Resulting Condition: Tay-Sachs Disease	04:05
Autophagy	02:06
Resulting Condition: Huntington's Disease	02:45
Mitochondria: ATP Production and Apoptosis	07:47
Cell Nucleus	03:09
Resulting Condition: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria	03:05
Basic Cell Housekeeping Functions: Summary	02:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Housekeeping Functions“

Overview of Cellular Injury	10:27
Etiologies of Cellular Injury: Introduction	03:25
Hypoxia – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	02:25
Chemical Agents – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	04:13
Infectious Agents – Etiologies of Cellular Injury	03:21
Mechanisms of Cellular Injury: Introduction	03:23
ATP Depletion – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	04:22
Loss of Calcium Homeostasis	03:11
Oxygen Free Radicals – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	06:02
Generation of Free Radicals – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	02:51
Free Radicals Effect on Cellular Activities	03:07
Free Radical Protection – Mechanisms of Cellular Injury	01:59
Mitochondria in Cellular Injury	01:11
Ischemia-reperfusion Injury	02:52
Cell Injury and Adaptation: Introduction	03:09
Atrophy and Autophagy	11:26
Hypertrophy	02:43
Hyperplasia	01:44
Metaplasia	03:47
Subcellular Responses to Injury: Heat Shock Proteins	06:58
Reversible Cellular Injury	05:12
Irreversible Cellular Injury	04:39
Function vs. Morphology of Cellular Injury	03:05
Necrosis: Cellular Homicide	11:07
Apoptosis: Physiology and Pathology	06:38
Apoptosis: Mechanism	09:54
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis	03:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Cellular Injury“

Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation	07:59
Innate Inflammation	02:53
Inflammation: Cardinal Signs and Components	04:50
Vascular Response to Acute Inflammation	08:45
Vascular Changes during Acute Inflammation	06:28
Cellular Response: Introduction	05:50
Acute Inflammation Triggers	02:28
Neutrophil Rolling	05:04
Neutrophil Activation and Adhesion	04:41
Inflammatory Chemokines	03:38
Neutrophil Transmigration	03:23
Neutrophil Chemotaxis	05:57
Sterile Necrosis	04:00
Phagocytosis: Leukocyte Killing	05:58
Leukocyte Mediators: Arachidonic Acid Metabolites	07:35
Complement System – Protein Effector Cascades	06:54
Kinin and Coagulation Factors – Protein Effector Cascades	04:44
Summary of Acute Inflammation: Cardinal Signs	01:05
Defects in Acute Inflammation	04:57
Overview of Chronic Inflammation and Repair	08:40
Beginning of Chronic Inflammation and Repair	02:21
Resolution of Acute Inflammation	03:09
Going from Acute to Chronic Inflammation	03:11
Outcomes of Injury and Chronic Inflammation	06:06
Important Cells in Chronic Inflammation	01:53
Role of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in Chronic Inflammation	07:38
Different Macrophage Populations	05:27
Accumulating Macrophages in the Tissue	03:06
Granulomatous Inflammation: Causes	04:19
Role of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in Lymphocyte-macrophage Activation	07:48
Inflammation and Parenchymal Regeneration	03:00
Cell Growth and Differentiation – Parenchymal Regeneration	05:21
Cell Proliferation and Healing-injury in Regenerating Tissue – Parenchymal Regeneration	02:59
Inflammation and Repair by Scarring – Parenchymal Regeneration	05:37
Angiogenesis in Wound Healing	07:53
Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Wound Healing	02:08
Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in Extracellular Matrix Remodelling	08:03
Injury in Non-regenerating Tissue	02:48
Primary vs. Secondary Healing	06:32
Complications of Healing: Overview	05:44
Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology	04:10
Complications of Wound Healing	03:42
Outcomes of Injury	01:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Acute and Chronic Inflammation“

Hemostasis: Introduction and Examples	09:02
Normal Hemostasis	07:03
Role of Platelets in Hemostasis	09:01
Coagulation Cascade	09:29
Coagulation Process and Regulation	05:58
Endothelium Promotes and Inhibits Thrombosis	08:43
Thromboregulation	05:33
Thrombolysis	05:23
Normal Hemostasis: Summary	01:32
Coagulation Screening and Platelet Disorders	04:57
Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)	07:22
Bleeding Disorders: Platelet Count, Defects, and Factor Deficiencies	05:49
Virchow's Triad – Thrombotic Disorders	05:56
Septic Shock and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) – Thrombotic Disorders	05:53
Hereditary and Acquired Hypercoagulable States	07:46
Anticoagulation Therapy	08:28
Therapeutic Clot Lysis or Stabilization	03:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Hemostasis“

Introduction to Atherosclerosis	08:32
Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors	09:15
Plaque Distribution and Athero-​protective and Athero-prone Waveforms	06:49
Response-to-Injury Hypothesis	06:25
Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis	05:12
Atherosclerosis and Wound Healing	03:50
Vascular Remodeling: Glagov Phenomenon	08:01
Plaque: Structure and Rupture	09:22
Vascular Pathologies and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms	04:44
Atherosclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	06:58
Introduction to Ischemia and Infarct	04:38
Myocardial Infarct: Timing and Biomarkers	07:56
Myocardial Infarct: Tissue Patterns and Cellular Injuries	08:51
Myocardial Infarct: Healing and Granulation of Tissue	06:18
Myocardial Infarct: Complications	05:28
Cerebral Infarct: Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)	03:56
General Concepts for Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarct	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Atherosclerosis“

Basic Concepts of the Immune System	05:26
Innate and Adaptive Immunity	05:55
Innate Immunity: The Mast Cells	04:35
Innate Immunity: The Natural Killer Cells	02:24
Innate Immunity: Complement	04:48
Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Antibodies	07:24
Adaptive Immunity: T Cells	07:10
Cytokines in Adaptive Immunity	03:24
Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction	08:19
Type I Hypersensitivity: Manifestations	04:06
Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction	06:13
Type II Hypersensitivity: Examples	07:31
Introduction to Type III Hypersensitivity	03:56
Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions	05:08
Type III Hypersensitivity: Manifestations in Different Diseases	10:49
Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction: CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cells	10:04
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Role of CD4+ T Cells in Delayed Hypersensitivity	09:08
Autoimmunity	05:23
Tissue Reaction to Foreign Bodies	04:48
Cell-mediated Injury: Polyclonal Activation by Superantigens	02:45
Summary of How Immune Responses Can Be Harmful	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Immune-mediated Diseases“

Fundamental Concepts of Microorganisms	10:57
Classes of Infectious Agents	01:22
Viral Infections	03:53
Infections by Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae	03:43
Other Types of Bacterial Infections: Classification, Morphology, and Gram Stain	03:44
Infections by Bacteria in Different Groups: Eubacteria, Actinomycetales and Spirochaetes	06:01
Fungal Infections	03:25
Infections by Protozoa and Helminths	05:34
Prions – Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy	04:48
Microbial Transmission and Microbial Virulence	06:19
Host Susceptibility and Host Barriers	03:23
Host Barriers – Skin and Respiratory Tract	05:42
Host Barriers – Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tracts	05:21
Host Barriers: Immune System	06:09
Pathology Directly Related to Infection	05:11
Infections Resulting in Neoplastic Growth	02:12
Exotoxins and Endotoxins	05:18
Septic Shock: Excess of Inflammatory Mediators	04:03
Infection-induced Immune Injury	06:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Host–pathogen Interaction“

Neoplasia: Definitions	05:04
Molecular Basis of Cancer	07:25
Hallmarks of Cancer	04:34
Normal Cell Division: Gene Transcription and Mitosis Induction	02:11
Normal Cell Cycle	04:55
Cyclins and Cyclin-dependent Kinases	03:42
Cell Cycle Regulation	04:34
P53: Guardian of the Genome	02:29
Cell Cycle: RB Locks the Cycle	04:42
P53 in DNA Damage Responses: Repair vs. Apoptosis	04:08
Classes of Genes Relevant to Cancer	03:50
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes	09:24
DNA Repair Genes	03:53
Apoptosis-related Genes	04:18
Telomerase and MicroRNAs	10:16
Etiology of Genetic Alterations in Cancer	08:32
How Human Papilloma Virus Causes Cancer	03:06
The APC Gene in Colorectal Cancer	03:57
Heterogeneity Within a Malignant Tumor	03:52
Cancer Stem Cells	04:57
Summary of the Molecular Basis of Cancer	03:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplasia“

Origin and Evolution of Neoplastic Cells: Overview	04:35
Stromal Matrix and Angiogenesis in Healing Wounds	13:22
Tumor Angiogenesis	05:41
Tumors: Wounds that Do Not Heal	08:26
Tumor Invasion and Metastasis: Overview	04:38
Tumor Invasion into Stroma and Lymphovascular Spaces	04:10
Anti-tumor Immunity and Immune Evasion by Tumor	05:45
Tumor Cell Egress from Lymphovascular Spaces, and Metastatic Spread	05:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumor-host Interactions“

Paraneoplastic Syndromes (PNS): Overview	05:16
Hypercoagulability as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:57
Hypercalcemia as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:01
Cachexia as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:11
Pituitary Adenoma as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome	05:26
Carcinoid Syndrome – A Paraneoplastic Syndrome	03:58
Amyloidosis and Pheochromocytoma as Paraneoplastic Syndromes	04:21
Local Cancer Growth and Invasion	06:21
Metastases from Prostate Cancer: Autopsy Findings	07:08
Side Effects of Chemotherapy: Overview	06:37
Tumor Lysis Syndrome	02:56
Chemotherapy Effects on Bone Marrow and Testes	01:56
Lymphedema and Radiation Heart Disease	02:47
Cancer Immunotherapy	01:47
Infectious Complications of Chemotherapy	01:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Cancer Morbidity and Mortality“

Tumor Nomenclature	06:52
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors	07:08
Cytologic and Histologic Features of Malignant Tumors	05:56
Dysplasia, Carcinoma in Situ, and Invasive Carcinoma	10:14
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:08
Tumor Grading	05:19
Tumor Staging	04:49
Role of the Pathologist in Diagnosing Malignancy	07:30
Types of Neoplasms and Making a Diagnosis	10:11
Characterization of a Malignancy by Histotype, Cytogenetics, and Molecular Features	02:51
Predictive/Therapeutic Markers	08:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Surgical Pathology of Tumors“

Review of Anatomy of the Eye	05:33
Lacrimal Apparatus and Extraocular Muscles – Anatomy Review	05:18
Innervation of the Ocular Muscles – Anatomy Review	03:12
Emmetropia and Ametropia – Anatomy and Physiology Review	06:14
Saggital Section of the Eye – Anatomy Review	05:18
Anterior Segment of the Eye – Anatomy Review	10:47
Posterior Segment of the Eye and Fundoscopic Exam – Anatomy Review	08:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Ophthalmology“

Blepharitis – Diseases of the Eyelids	09:13
Chalazion – Diseases of the Eyelids	02:31
Hordeolum (Stye) – Diseases of the Eyelids	03:53
Conjunctivitis: Introduction and Etiologies	06:57
Conjunctivitis: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment	05:34
Dacryocystitis	07:46
Amblyopia and Strabismus	07:06
Cranial Nerve Palsies	04:37
Quiz zum Kurs „External Eye Diseases“

Corneal Diseases	06:48
Pupillary Control – Physiology Review	04:29
Marcus Gunn Pupil and Argyll Robertson Pupil – Pupillary Disorders	05:09
Intraocular Pressure – Physiology Review	06:25
Glaucoma: Types	09:10
Glaucoma: Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis	05:34
Uveitis: Types	03:39
Uveitis: Etiologies	04:05
Uveitis: Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment	03:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Anterior Chamber and Uvea“

Optic Disorders and Visual Field	11:21
Diabetic Retinopathy: Classification and Pathophysiology	07:26
Diabetic Retinopathy: Signs and Diagnosis	05:09
Retinopathy of Prematurity	05:44
Hypertensive Retinopathy	04:55
Retinal Vessel Occlusion	05:23
Age-Related Macular Degeneration	02:19
Macular Degeneration	07:51
Retinal Detachment	09:28
Retinitis Pigmentosa and Optic Neuritis	07:50
Cataracts	08:45
Endophthalmitis	03:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Posterior Segment Eye Diseases“

Corneal Abrasion and Ulcer – Traumatic Injuries	05:46
Fracture of the Orbit – Traumatic Injuries	03:25
Retinoblastoma: Epidemiology, Mortality Rate and Etiology	03:10
Retinoblastoma: Proliferation and Types	07:34
Retinoblastoma: Signs, Symptoms and Diagnosis	03:25
Ocular Melanomas	06:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma and Neoplasms of the Eye“

Arteries and Veins: Structure and Characteristics	11:36
Resistance and Capacitance Vessels	09:53
Collateral Circulations	04:49
Portal and Dual Circulations	07:25
Functions of the Endothelium	06:48
Types of Endothelium	04:02
Introduction to the Anatomy of the Heart	03:52
Elements of the Heart: Chambers and Vessels	04:32
Elements of the Heart: Collateral Circulation, Valves and Conduction System	09:33
Myocardium	03:53
Sarcomere	05:25
Valves of the Heart	03:56
Coronary Vasculature and Conduction System of the Heart	04:49
Basic Response to Vascular Injury	06:49
Quiz zum Kurs „Structure-Function Relationships in the Cardiovascular System“

Blood Pressure Regulation	06:43
Pathophysiology of Hypertension	08:58
Hypertension: Epidemiology, Classification and White Coat Hypertension	03:37
Hypertension: Pathology, Clinical Features and Complications	06:06
Quiz zum Kurs „Hypertension“

Introduction to Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection	06:43
Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Medial Architecture	08:30
Aneurysm: Definition and Classification, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm	02:07
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm	10:28
Aortic Dissection: Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathology	06:47
Aortic Dissection: Stanford Classification, Signs and Symptoms, Consequences and Diagnostics	09:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Aortic Disease“

Antiendothelial Cell Antibodies and Circulating Immune Complexes – Vasculitis	07:55
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies and Cell-mediated Vasculitis – Vasculitis	04:52
Giant Cell Aortitis and Takayasu Arteritis	06:07
Giant Cell Arteritis	04:23
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) and Kawasaki Disease	05:16
Polyarteritis Nodosa, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) and Microscopic Polyangiitis	06:32
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome and Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease	05:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis“

Varicose Veins: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	08:56
Deep Venous Thrombosis	07:55
Trousseau Syndrome	01:11
Portal Venous Hypertension, Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes	06:21
Lymphangitis, Lymphedema and Other Disorders of Lymphatic Vessels	06:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Vein and Lymphatic Pathology“

Cardiac Pathology: Overview	06:52
Heart Failure: Introduction	09:43
Heart Failure: Pathophysiology	08:07
Heart Failure: Epidemiology and Patterns of Hypertrophy	03:47
Left-sided and Right-sided Heart Failure	10:33
Heart Failure: Diagnostics and Treatment	04:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Failure“

Ischemic Heart Disease: Etiology and Epidemiology	04:44
Factors that Contribute to Coronary Atherosclerosis	06:54
Cardiac Syndromes	04:00
Stable, Prinzmetal and Unstable Angina	05:57
Ischemic Heart Disease: Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology	04:08
Ischemic Heart Disease: Plaque Changes and Adaptive Mechanisms	04:38
Pathology of Intervention	12:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Ischemic Heart Disease“

Conducting System of the Heart	06:32
Arrhythmia: Definition, General Categories and Clinical Manifestations	05:56
Acquired Arrhythmia	10:37
Inherited Arrhythmia	06:20
Sudden Cardiac Death	08:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Arrhythmia“

Regurgitation and Clinical Consequences – Valvular Heart Disease	08:33
Etiology – Valvular Heart Disease	07:10
Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations – Calcific Aortic Stenosis	09:31
Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Mitral Annular Calcification	02:46
Mitral Valve Prolapse	04:47
Etiology and Diagnostics – Rheumatic Heart Disease	03:56
Pathogenesis and Clinical Features – Rheumatic Heart Disease	08:18
Definition and Etiology – Infective Endocarditis	04:14
Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Clinical Manifestations – Infective Endocarditis	08:53
Marantic and SLE-associated Endocarditis and Carcinoid Heart Disease	06:54
Prosthetic Valves	03:47
Definition and Pathogenesis – Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:40
Systemic (Left-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	05:15
Pulmonary (Right-sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease	04:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Valvular and Hypertensive Heart Disease“

Cardiomyopathy: Definition and Types	06:30
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis	07:02
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology	08:34
Peripartum and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy	08:08
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Morphology, Clinical Manifestations, and Complications	04:38
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Etiology and Variants	06:05
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations	06:49
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Complications, Morphology, and Histology	03:32
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy	05:57
Cardiac Amyloidosis, Endomyocardial Fibrosis, and Loeffler Endomyocarditis	08:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiomyopathy“

Myocarditis: Definition and Etiology	06:17
Myocarditis: Pathophysiology and Pathology	03:52
Myocarditis: Manifestations, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostics, and Management	04:32
Definition and Etiology – Pericarditis	06:56
Classification of Acute Pericarditis	05:29
Clinical Manifestations and Management – Pericarditis	03:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Myocarditis and Pericarditis“

S1 and S2	05:09
S3 and S4	06:21
Dynamic Auscultation	11:51
Respiratory Variation	08:30
Auscultation Areas	14:14
Rapid Squatting	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Heart Sounds“

Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	04:45
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Upper Portion	07:48
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Middle Portion	03:32
Pulmonary Clinical Anatomy: Respiratory Zone	07:50
Dyspnea: Definition	05:21
Dyspnea: Causes	04:54
Dyspnea: History	02:36
Cough: Definition and History	03:14
Cough: Pearls	03:17
Wheezing	02:33
Hemoptysis	02:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Pulmonary Pathology“

Chest X-ray – Diagnostic Imaging	02:19
Chest CT Scan – Diagnostic Imaging	03:35
Alveolar Infiltrate – Diagnostic Imaging	05:27
Nodules – Diagnostic Imaging	02:44
Arterial Blood Gases – Laboratory Diagnostics	02:48
Acidosis and Alkalosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	14:40
Metabolic Acidosis – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:41
Davenport Diagram – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:45
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 1 and 2 – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:49
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 – Laboratory Diagnostics	09:52
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3 (cont'd) – Laboratory Diagnostics	10:48
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 3a – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:40
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 4 – Laboratory Diagnostics	19:02
Approach to Acid Base Status: Step 5 – Laboratory Diagnostics	05:49
Assessing Lung Function – Laboratory Diagnostics	01:53
Alveolar Gas Equation – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:05
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) – Laboratory Diagnostics	07:43
Spirometry – Laboratory Diagnostics	06:35
Loop Spirometries – Laboratory Diagnostics	08:15
Other Spirometry Patterns – Laboratory Diagnostics	04:05
Diffusion Capacity – Laboratory Diagnostics	03:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Diagnostics“

Respiratory Failures: Introduction	02:59
Acute Hypoxemic	04:54
Acute Hypercapnic	11:22
Respiratory Failures: Treatment	05:57
Mechanical Ventilation	06:19
Assisted Control – Modes of Ventilation	05:07
Modes of Ventilation: Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation	01:58
Modes of Ventilation: Pressure Support	06:27
Modes of Ventilation: Mechanical Ventilation Goals	05:13
Modes of Ventilation: Ventilator Airway Pressure	03:27
Modes of Ventilation: Auto-PEEP	05:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Failures“

Obstructive Lung Disease: Pathogenesis	01:32
Obstructive Lung Disease: Signs and Symptoms	05:07
Obstructive Lung Disease: Areas	05:58
GOLD Algorithm	01:54
Emphysema: Introduction	02:52
Emphysema: Pathogenesis A	10:33
Emphysema: Pathogenesis B	09:35
Emphysema: Signs and Symptoms	08:23
Emphysema: Diagnosis	05:20
Chronic Bronchitis: Introduction	01:32
Chronic Bronchitis: Pathogenesis	09:17
Chronic Bronchitis: Differential Diagnosis	07:21
Chronic Bronchitis: Multistep Approach	05:34
Asthma: Introduction	02:20
Asthma: Signs and Symptoms	03:06
Asthma: Differential Diagnosis	04:15
Asthma: Risk Factors & Prevention	03:39
Asthma: Diagnosis	04:38
Asthma: Treatment	08:24
Bronchiectasis: Pathogenesis	05:57
Bronchiectasis: Differential Diagnosis	04:46
Bronchiectasis: Cystic Fibrosis	06:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Obstructive Lung Disease“

Restrictive Lung Disease: Introduction	11:33
Flow Volume Spirometry	05:40
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (IIP)	01:44
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Pathogenesis	03:04
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP): Signs and Symptoms	05:23
Sarcoidosis: Introduction	01:07
Sarcoidosis: Pathogenesis	06:25
Sarcoidosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:02
Connective Tissue Disease: Overview	03:26
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP)	02:55
Lung Pathology in Lupus and in Rheumatoid Arthritis	03:10
Scleroderma	03:27
Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis	01:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Restrictive Lung Disease“

Occupational Lung Disease: Overview	05:58
Asbestosis: Introduction	08:03
Asbestosis: Diagnosis & Treatment	04:54
Berylliosis	06:18
Silicosis	04:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Occupational Lung Diseases“

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis): Overview and DIagnosis	12:23
Eosinophilic Lung Disease (ELD)	12:43
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Pathogenesis	07:18
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Differential Diagnosis	02:36
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: TTN, RDS and PPHN	15:05
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Signs, Symptoms, Definition, Treatment	04:30
Pulmonary Embolism: Pathogenesis	04:16
Pulmonary Embolism: Clinical Findings	04:31
Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Factors	04:28
Pulmonary Embolism: Prevention	01:51
Pulmonary Embolism: Signs & Symptoms	02:23
Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnosis	07:32
Pulmonary Embolism: Treatment	02:50
Pulmonary Hypertension	02:43
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 1 & 2	06:15
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification: Class 3 & 4	04:14
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pneumothorax	09:47
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Pleural Effusion	04:54
Pneumothorax & Pleural Effusion: Physical Findings of the Lung	07:39
Sleep Apnea: Definition	03:28
Pneumothorax, Pleural Effusion & Obstructive Sleep Apnea	03:06
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Differential Diagnosis	03:33
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Treatment	03:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation and the Respiratory Regulation“

Lung Cancer: Definition	01:12
Small Lung Cancer	08:11
Adenocarcinoma	05:59
Squamous Cell Carcinoma	03:00
Large Cell Carcinoma	01:12
Bronchial Carcinoid	04:06
Mesothelioma	05:20
Lung Nodules and Cancer	03:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Lung Cancer “

Hypovolemic Shock	08:06
Cardiogenic and Obstructive Shock	06:29
Distributive Shock	05:31
Approach to Shock	00:48
Poisoning and Overdose	05:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Critical Care“

Renal Patho-Embryology	06:46
Horseshoe Kidney	03:36
Unilateral Renal Agenesis	02:15
Potter's Syndrome	06:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Renal Pathology“

Tubulointerstitial Pathology	08:58
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)	03:30
Chronic Kidney Disease	05:30
Algorithm of Acute Renal Injury	13:40
Urinalysis, Acute Renal Failure & Atheroembolism	03:48
Chronic Renal Failure	05:30
Pathophysiology of Renal Failure	07:31
Acute Interstitial Nephritis	01:30
Acute Tubular Necrosis	05:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Tubulointerstitial Diseases“

Glomerular Disorders	05:59
Electron Microscopy	04:27
Pathogenesis of Glomerular Disease	06:35
Mechanisms Producing Glomerular Disease	02:08
Types of Glomerular Diseases	00:51
Nephritic Syndrome	04:44
IgA Nephopathy	05:24
IgA Nephropathy	04:44
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis	04:36
Non-Streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis	02:21
Alport Syndrome	01:37
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis	03:41
Subendothelial IC Deposition Viewed With EM	01:22
Rapidly Progressive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis	04:37
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (rpgn) & Subtypes	05:59
Goodpasture's Syndrome	03:21
SLE Related Kidney Disease	04:13
ANCA Associated Vasculitis	02:40
Nephrotic Syndrome	05:16
Minimal Change Disease	06:15
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis	05:28
Membranous Nephropathy	06:01
Overview of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	01:54
Classification of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:53
Type I Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	04:27
Type II Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	03:22
Summary of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)	02:51
Diabetic Glomerulopathy esp. Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease	10:40
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis and Renal Amyloidosis	03:08
Quiz zum Kurs „Glomerulonephritis“

Renal Dysplasia	02:40
Autosomal Recessive Disease (Juvenile)	04:54
Autosomal Dominant Disease	05:57
Additional Cystic Diseases of the Kidney	03:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Cystic Diseases (Renal Cystic Pathology)“

Renal Clinical Anatomy: Introduction	01:26
Filtration Barrier	06:52
Structure of the Glomerulus	10:59
Clinical Anatomy of the Glomerular Apparatus	05:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Clinical Anatomy“

Urinalysis: Introduction	17:23
Chemical Dipsticks: pH & Protein	03:35
Chemical Dipsticks: Glucose & Ketones	07:20
Chemical Dipsticks: Bilirubin & Urobilirubin	08:22
Chemical Dipsticks: Diseases and Steps in Metabolism	05:13
Chemical Dipsticks: Blood & Nitrates	08:48
Cells in Urine Sediment	04:10
Casts in Urine Sediment	07:35
Crystals in Urine Sediment	02:25
Various Morphology on Urinalysis	07:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinalysis“

Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Overview	05:11
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Etiology	10:02
Actions of ADH: Diabetes Insipidus (DI)	06:38
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Management	12:29
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Differentials	04:55
Quiz zum Kurs „(Nephrogenic) Diabetes Insipidus (DI)“

Regulation of ADH: Response to Water Deprivation	06:45
Regulation of ADH: ADH Secretion	06:08
Regulation of ADH: Volume vs. Osmolarity	04:38
Regulation of ADH: Significance of Clearance of Water	05:16
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)	07:32
Quiz zum Kurs „SIADH“

Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Water & Sodium Pathophysiology	04:10
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Changes in ECF Volume	05:51
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Plasma Osmolality (POsm)	12:45
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Clinical Volume Dynamics	23:16
Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic Disorders	08:12
Dehydration: Isotonic Fluid Disorders	06:02
Hypotonic Fluid Disorders	12:00
Dehydration: Summary of Isotonic and Hypotonic	04:33
Hypertonic Fluid Disorders	11:51
Review	04:13
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation of Water and Sodium Balance	01:26
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Key Points	03:11
Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation Wheels	06:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Overview	00:30
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Crystalloids	03:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Colloids	04:49
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Saline: Clinical Terminology	08:09
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Distribution of IVFs	06:23
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IV Fluid: 'd5w'	03:22
Types of IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): IVFs Summary	09:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Fluid and Electrolyte Balance“

Overview: Proximal vs. Distal Nephron	03:27
Tubular Transport by Nephron Segment	28:01
Tubular Secretion	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Nephron	11:50
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Proximal Convoluted Tubular Mechanics	12:49
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Correlations	16:31
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Clinical Effects	09:14
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Pathology	07:05
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Fanconi Syndrome	06:26
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Hartnup Disease	06:15
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Type 2 (Proximal) RTA	03:52
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Tubular Transport	07:07
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Bartter and Gitelman Syndrome	07:54
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Antenatal Bartter Syndrome	11:01
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Gitelman Syndrome	06:10
Collecting Duct (CD): Transport Mechanism	03:16
Collecting Duct (CD): Different Channels in Different Ducts	03:51
Collecting Duct (CD): Role of Aldosterone	03:54
Collecting Duct (CD): Atpase Pump	02:55
Collecting Duct (CD): Other Renal Tubular Acidoses	09:39
Collecting Duct (CD): Conn's Syndrome	10:15
Collecting Duct (CD): Summary of Clinical Findings	07:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Nephron“

Introduction to Renal Blood Flow	08:40
Renal Functional Anatomy	07:39
Renal Corpuscle – Juxta-glomerular Apparatus	06:50
Tubuloglomerular Feedback	02:58
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 1	12:09
Changes in Glomerular Dynamics 2	08:59
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System	11:54
Basics of Creatinine	07:13
Clinical Application of Creatinine: Overview	08:00
Creatinine Clearance – Clinical Application of Creatinine	05:25
Causes of Increased and Decreased Ccr	07:41
Experimental Calculations of Renal Function (Part 1)	13:45
Overview and Calculations – Renal Glucose Transport and Reabsorption	21:02
Quiz zum Kurs „Renal Diagnostics“

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Role of Calcium	05:00
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphate	03:07
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Uric Acid	03:09
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Clinical Correlation	02:23
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): Shock Wave Lithotripsy	02:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Nephrolithiasis“

Gastroschisis	10:01
Omphalocele	04:35
Congenital Umbilical Hernia	03:06
Intestinal Malrotation	10:20

Sialolithiasis	06:24
Sialoadenitis	05:55
Salivary Gland Tumors	06:23

Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia	11:05
Dysphagia	10:01
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)	11:01
Esophagitis	06:53
Esophageal Tears and Perforations	05:28
Esophageal Motility Disorders	16:49
Esophageal Diverticula	06:37
Esophageal Carcinoma	11:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Esophagus“

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis	05:55
Gastritis	16:47
Peptic Ulcer Disease	17:48
Gastric Cancer	15:54
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)	06:41
Gastric Lymphoma (MALToma)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Stomach“

Jejunal and Ileal Atresia	03:02
Hirschsprung Disease	11:26
Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology	07:41
Celiac Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:31
Tropical Sprue	07:36
Lactose Intolerance	07:17
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	07:43
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	07:29
Short Bowel Syndrome and Bile Acid Malabsorption	10:54
Whipple Disease	07:35
Diarrhea: Etiology	10:07
Diarrhea: Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation	09:51
Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:54
Crohn Disease	11:33
Ulcerative Colitis	10:17
Differentiation of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease	09:19
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	08:30
Volvulus	07:15
Intussusception	06:05
Bowel Obstruction	10:46
Appendicitis	07:26
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis	09:22
Meckel Diverticulum	06:32
Angiodysplasia	05:20
Mesenteric Ischemia	10:37
Necrotizing Enterocolitis	07:36
Colonic Polyps: Types and Polyposis Syndromes	11:39
Colonic Polyps: Diagnosis and Management	12:27
Colorectal Cancer	09:30
Anal Fissure	05:24
Perianal and Perirectal Abscess	05:52
Rectal Prolapse	05:24
Hemorrhoids	07:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Small and Large Intestines Disorders“

Acute Liver Disease	04:46
Cirrhosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	11:04
Cirrhosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	08:18
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency	10:02
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	10:46
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:46
Wilson Disease	08:43
Introduction to Viral Hepatitis	02:07
Hepatitis A	02:42
Hepatitis B	04:55
Hepatitis C	03:35
Hepatitis D	02:31
Hepatitis E	01:48
Autoimmune Hepatitis	05:05
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology	12:47
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	10:14
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	11:47
Reye Syndrome	05:17
Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Veno-occlusive Disease (VOD)	12:03
Benign Liver Tumors	11:46
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Liver Metastases	14:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Hepatobiliary System“

Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)	10:55
Hyperbilirubinemia of the Newborn	10:04
Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia Syndromes	08:53
Biliary Atresia	06:12
Choledochal Cysts	05:22
Cholelithiasis	10:19
Cholecystitis	11:17
Cholangitis	08:13
Cholangiocarcinoma	06:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Biliary Tract“

Annular Pancreas	03:04
Acute Pancreatitis	10:25
Chronic Pancreatitis	06:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of the Pancreas“

Pituitary Hormones	15:34
Cell Surface Receptors	17:19
Steroid Hormone Receptors	06:41
Hormone Binding Proteins	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to the Endocrine System“

Actions of ADH	05:24
Dysregulation of ADH	04:02
Central Diabetes Insipidus	09:03
SIADH: Clinical Presentation	05:55
SIADH: Diagnosis and Treatment	05:09
Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) Differential Diagnoses	09:43
Cell Types	03:46
Types of Peptide Hormones	11:25
Hypothalamic Hormones	10:13
Hypopituitarism	12:35
Pituitary Apoplexy and Sheehan’s Syndrome	04:08
Pituitary Sellar Masses	09:24
Hyperprolactinemia	20:52
Control of Growth Hormone Release	11:26
Acromegaly (Growth Hormone Excess)	08:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Pituitary Gland Disorders“

Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis (HPT-Axis)	07:19
Thyroid Hormone Function	18:51
Thyroid Function Tests	02:58
Euthyroid Hyperthyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	08:48
Euthyroid Hypothyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions	07:08
Differential Diagnoses & T3-Resin Uptake – Euthyroid Conditions	06:43
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst	03:59
Introduction & Graves' Disease – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	09:51
Graves' Disease: Treatment – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	06:58
Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	13:10
Amiodarone-induced Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	04:30
Thyroid Storm & Subclinical Hyperthyroidism – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	11:42
Introduction – Hypothyroidism	09:31
Hashimoto’s Disease – Hypothyroidism	03:12
Hypothyroidism	05:25
Diagnostic Tests – Hypothyroidism	05:18
Goiter and Thyroid Nodules	06:22
Thyroid Adenomas and Thyroid Carcinomas	07:06
Types of Thyroid Carcinoma	09:12
Maternal-Fetal Thyroid Pathology	11:36
Differential Diagnoses – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)	05:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Thyroid Gland Disorders“

Introduction & Hypothalamus – Adrenal Cortex	17:58
Overview of the Adrenal Gland – Adrenal Cortex	04:09
Cortisol and Aldosterone Synthesis – Adrenal Cortex	05:15
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) – Adrenal Cortex	09:35
Adrenal Incidentalomas – Adrenal Cortex	03:14
Hyperaldosteronism	09:51
Hypoaldosteronism	06:40
Introduction to Cortisol and Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	07:29
Introduction to Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	17:50
Screening Tests for Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland	05:22
Management of Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland	03:39
Adrenal Insufficiency: Definition & Etiology	07:40
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome & Addison´s Disease – Adrenal Insufficiency	07:28
Diagnosis – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:26
Glucocorticoids in Pharmacology – Adrenal Insufficiency	01:31
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) – Adrenal Insufficiency	09:05
Sympathoadrenal System and Catecholamine – Adrenal Medulla	04:41
Pheochromocytoma – Adrenal Medulla	09:12
Hereditary Disorders: Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome, Sturge-Weber-Syndrome, Neuroblastoma, MEN2A & MEN2B – Andrenal Medulla	05:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Adrenal Gland Disorders“

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	06:55
Gastrinoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	03:08
Glucagonoma (Alpha Cell Tumor) – Enteroendocrine Tumors	00:59
VIPoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors	02:02
Endocrine Pancreas and Control of Insulin – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	08:04
Glucose Homeostasis – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:44
Mechanism of Insulin Action & Types of Metabolism – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	05:56
Glucagon: Actions and Effects from α-Cells – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones	03:13
Overview of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:02
Types of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	10:00
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	04:07
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	05:38
Secondary Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	06:14
Metabolic Syndrome – Hyperglycemia	01:18
Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia	04:31
Acute and Chronic Diabetes Complications	04:22
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) – Diabetes Complications	13:18
Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic State – Diabetes Complications	02:38
Diabetic Retinopathy (Diabetic Eye Disease) – Diabetes Complications	06:32
Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease) – Diabetes Complications	04:11
Diabetic Neuropathy: Autonomic Neuropathy – Diabetes Complications	10:59
Diabetes Skin Manifestations: Acanthosis Nigricans and Necrobiosis Lipoidica – Diabetes Complications	02:06
Insulin: Therapy and Types – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	09:16
Dawn Phenomenon	01:41
Treatment of Insulin Overdose – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	04:54
Retired - Oral Agents for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	00:13
Glucose Monitoring: Glucometer and Hemoglobin A1C – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	01:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Pancreatic Disease and Diabetes“

Overview of Calcium Metabolism Disorders	08:36
Hypercalcemia: Definition & Clinical Manifestation	03:49
Hypercalcemia: Types & Causes	05:35
Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Effects of Hyperparathyroidism	05:07
Clinical Features of Primary Hyperparathyroidism & Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica	03:20
Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism	03:08
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (THPT)	05:50
Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia and Knowledge Check	04:31
Treatment of Severe Hypercalcemia	01:48
Hypocalcemia: Differential Analysis of Causes	04:16
Hypoparathyroidism	04:21
Pseudohypoparathyroidism	02:47
Acute Hypocalcemia	03:29
Vitamin D Deficiency: Vitamin D Production and Effects	02:04
Rickets	02:28
Differential Analysis of Vitamin D Dysfunction and Deficiency	04:35
Interpretation of Serum Calcium and Serum Phosphate Levels	01:43
Quiz zum Kurs „Parathyroid Gland Disorders“

Osteoporosis: Introduction & Causes	03:31
Osteoporosis: Risk Factors	01:09
Osteoporosis: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis	05:21
Osteoporosis: Treatment and Management	04:40
Paget's Disease of Bone	10:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Bone Disease“

Introduction to Female Reproductive Pathology esp. the Vulva	01:01
Vestibular Glands: Bartholin Cyst & Vestibular Adenitis	01:25
Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Simplex Chronicus	04:16
Condyloma Acuminatum	02:44
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia & Extramammary Paget´s Disease	04:49
Vaginal Cancer	02:43
Normal Cervix	01:50
Cervical Histology	03:15
Cervical Cancer: Pathogenesis	06:29
Cervical Cancer: Risk Factors	05:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Disorders of Vulva, Vagina and Cervix“

Candidiasis	02:08
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)	01:54
Trichomonas Vaginalis	01:39
Gardnerella Vaginalis	02:34
Treponema Pallidum and Primary Syphilis	02:27
Secondary, Tertiary and Congenital Syphilis	05:31
Haemophilus Ducreyi – Morphology	01:07
Chlamydia Trachomatis	01:54
Gonorrhea	02:50
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	01:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)“

Anatomy of the Normal Uterus	01:39
Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding	04:40
Anovulatory Cycle	03:19
Endometrial Polyp	00:31
Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma	03:22
Endometrial Hyperplasia	02:59
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma	02:40
Endometriosis	08:26
Inflammation of the Fallopian Tube	01:35
Tumors and Cysts in the Fallopian Tube	01:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Uterine and Fallopian Tube Disease“

Benign Cysts	01:34
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOS)	07:28
Ovarian Tumors	01:59
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Epithelial Tumors	07:40
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Endometrioid Tumors	00:53
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Germ Cell Tumors	02:35
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Mature Teratoma	03:42
Yolk Sac Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumor)	01:00
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Choriocarcinoma	01:24
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors & Granulosa-Theca Tumor	05:32
Types of Ovarian Tumors: Metastatic Ovarian Tumors	01:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Ovarian Diseases“

Miscarriage/Spontaneous Abortion	01:17
Ectopic Pregnancy	04:13
Placental Abnormalities	06:55
Abruptio Placentae	00:55
Preeclampsia	02:59
Hydatidiform Mole	07:10
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)	01:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Pregnancy Complications“

Nipple Discharge	03:36
Breast Imaging: Mammography	04:50
Mastitis: Inflammatory Disorder of the Breast	07:31
Fibroadenoma	03:30
Fibrocystic Breast Changes	06:31
Carcinoma of the Breast: Epidemiology	08:52
Carcinoma of the Breast: Pathophysiology	09:50
Carcinoma of the Breast: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment	06:09
Gynecomastia	05:39
Quiz zum Kurs „Breast Pathology“

Introduction to Male Reproductive Pathology	03:58
Penis Disorders: Types and Clinical Representation	13:25
Cryptorchidism	03:58
Varicocele	06:10
Testicular Torsion	03:17
Scrotal Mass, Congenital- & Acquired Hydrocele and Spermatocele	03:30
Testicular Cancer	02:38
Types of Germ Cell Tumors (GCT)	06:42
Types of Non Germ Cell Tumors	02:46
Prostatitis and Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology	05:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Male Reproductive System Diseases“

Control of Adult Male Hormonal Secretion	06:53
Leydig and Sertoli Cells	03:30
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis	07:43
Hypogonadism	03:13
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis Differentials	05:06
Male Hypogonadism	05:55
Gynecomastia	04:57
Erectile Dysfunction & Peyronie's Disease	08:23
Diagnoses of Reproductive Syndromes & Deficiencies	17:11
Hermaphroditism	03:01
Diagnoses of Reproductive Hormone Disorders– Reproductive Pathology	10:45
5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency	02:43
Androgen Receptor Antagonists	02:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Hormone Disorders“

Anemia: Definition	03:55
Anemia: Overview	08:31
Anemia: Iron Studies	03:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to Red Blood Cell Disorders“

Iron Deficiency Anemia: Introduction	02:46
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Etiology	05:14
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Signs and Symptoms	02:54
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Iron Studies	07:08
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Pathogenesis	02:59
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Clinical Pathology	03:57
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Iron Studies	07:09
Sideroblastic Anemia: Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Bone Marrow	17:47
Sideroblastic Anemia: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Iron Studies	05:30
Alpha Thalassemia: Etiology	11:59
Alpha Thalassemia: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	04:03
Alpha Thalassemia: Pathogenesis	02:55
Alpha Thalassemia: Clinical Pathology	05:07
Beta Thalassemia: Etiology and Pathogenesis	08:05
Beta Thalassemia: Morphology and Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	04:15
Beta Thalassemia: Clinical Pathology	01:07
Microcytic Anemia: Summary	01:55
Quiz zum Kurs „Microcytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Macrocytic Anemia: Introduction and Etiology	02:56
Megaloblastic Anemias	03:33
Biochemistry of Megaloblastic Anemia	16:04
Classification and Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies	08:07
Vitamin B12 Metabolism	03:49
Folate Deficiency	02:54
Macrocytic Anemia: Clinical Pathology	07:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Macrocytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Normocytic Anemia: Overview	09:37
Normocytic Anemia: Classification	02:06
Non-hemolytic Anemias	01:39
Hypocellular Bone Marrow	00:39
Acute Blood Loss	03:59
Bone Marrow Failure (BMF)	05:11
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia	01:47
Normal vs. Hypocellular Bone Marrow	01:34
Causes of Bone Marrow Failure (BMF)	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Normocytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Hemolytic Anemia: Overview	04:02
Hemolytic Anemia: Classification	03:22
Extravascular Hemolysis	03:33
Intravascular Hemolysis	01:56
Hemolytic Anemia: Clinical Features	01:17
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Etiology	02:39
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Pathogenesis	04:50
Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Clinical Pathology	01:27
G6PD Deficiency: Etiology	02:39
G6PD Deficiency: Pathophysiology	08:15
G6PD Deficiency: Biochemistry of G6PD	03:20
G6PD Deficiency: Clinical Pathology	00:59
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Etiology	03:57
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Pathophysiology	03:53
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Clinical Pathology	01:46
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Pnh Lab Tests	04:34
Sickle Cell Anemia: Etiology	02:18
Sickle Cell Anemia: Pathogenesis	06:10
Sickle Cell Anemia: Vaso-occlusive Crisis	02:01
Sickle Cell Anemia: Clinical Pathology and Diagnosis	03:58
Sickle Cell Anemia: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	01:25
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Etiology	02:28
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Pathogenesis	05:07
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Morphology and Clinical Pathology	01:32
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia: Etiology	03:33
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia: Pathogenesis and Morphology	01:35
Micro- and Macroangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia esp. schistocytes	02:40
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Overview of Immune Hemolytic Anemias	01:57
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Direct and Indirect Coombs' Test	06:11
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Comparison of Direct and Indirect Coombs' Test	05:02
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Etiology	01:27
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Pathogenesis	03:25
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAIHA): Clinical Features	01:00
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (CAIHA): Etiology, Pathogenesis and Clinical Pathology	05:20
Drugs That Cause Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia	05:05
Malaria	02:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Hemolytic Anemia – Red Blood Cell Pathology (RBC)“

Lymphadenopathy: Introduction – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:02
Lymphadenopathy: Lymphoid Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:31
Lymphadenopathy: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:13
Lymphadenopathy: Follicular Lymphoma and Lymphoid Hyperplasia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:57
Lymphadenopathy: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:48
Lymphadenopathy: Burkitt Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:50
Lymphadenopathy: Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin's Disease) – White Blood Cell Pathology	09:18
Lymphadenopathy: Reed-Sternberg Cells – White Blood Cell Pathology	08:03
Lymphadenopathy: Plasma Cell Neoplasms – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:52
Lymphadenopathy: Multiple Myeloma (Introduction)	03:03
Lymphadenopathy: Serum Protein Electrophoresis – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:16
Lymphadenopathy: Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:13
Lymphadenopathy: Plasmacytoma, MGUS and Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	07:58
Lymphadenopathy: Splenomegaly – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:12
Lymphadenopathy: Thymus Disorders – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:30
Lymphadenopathy: Thymoma – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Lymphadenopathy – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Leukocytosis and Leukopenia – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:44
Neutrophilic Leukocytosis – White Blood Cell Pathology	12:05
Lymphocytosis – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:52
Neutropenia and Lymphopenia – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Quantitative White Blood Cell Disorders – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Leukemia: Acute Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:03
Leukemia: Hematopoiesis – White Blood Cell Pathology	02:49
Leukemia: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:22
Leukemia: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	03:37
Leukemia: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) – White Blood Cell Pathology	05:17
Leukemia: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	06:30
Leukemia: Polycythemia – White Blood Cell Pathology	12:55
Leukemia: Types of Leukemia incl. Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) and Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) – White Blood Cell Pathology	04:38
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: MTX, 5-FU, 6-MP, 6TG & Ara-C – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:11
Cancer Drugs & Chemotherapeutic Agents: Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin etc. – White Blood Cell Pathology	10:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Leukemia – White Blood Cell Pathology (WBC)“

Stroke: Introduction	02:40
Ischemic Stroke	03:28
Ischemic Stroke: Characteristics	03:50
Embolism	09:45
Ischemic Stroke Syndromes	03:55
Acute Stroke: Evaluation and Workup	06:53
Ischemic Stroke: Treatment	11:18
Hemorrhagic Stroke	08:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)“

Cerebral Aneurysm: Introduction	06:39
Cerebral Aneurysm: Diagnostic Workup	03:06
Cerebral Aneurysm: Treatment	04:33
Quiz zum Kurs „Cerebral Aneurysm (Intracranial Aneurysm)“

Increased Intracranial Pressure: Introduction	05:24
Brain Herniation	04:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)“

Trauma: Introduction	10:48
Trauma: Epidural and Subdural Hematoma	05:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Trauma“

Spinal Cord Pathology: Introduction	06:34
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome	03:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Spinal Cord Pathology“

Headache: Introduction	03:36
Acute Headache: Meningitis and Temporal Arteritis	06:55
Acute Headache: Hypertensive Urgency and Cluster Headache (Horton's Syndrome)	05:29
Acute Headaches: Venous Sinus Thrombosis	03:12
Sub-Acute Headache, Chronic Headache and Migraine	06:09
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension	04:29
Brain Tumor and Tension Headaches	04:21
Other Types of Headache	03:19
Indications of Brain Imaging in Headache	01:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Headache – Pathophysiology“

Seizures: Introduction	02:32
Seizures: Types	05:33
Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures	04:16
Evaluation of the First Non-Febrile Seizure and Childhood Epilepsy	02:40
Epilepsy Syndromes	04:09
Adult Epilepsy	01:49
Antiepileptic Drugs	10:51
Special Considerations, Status Epilepticus, and Summary	04:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Seizures“

CNS Infections: Introduction	02:13
Acute Meningitis	10:23
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Age	03:07
Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Predisposing Factor Head Trauma	03:57
Acute Viral Meningitis	03:17
Tuberculous Meningitis	05:39
Chemical Meningitis, Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis, Neurosyphilis, Lyme Disease	10:21
Fungal and Cryptococcus	04:36
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, Neurocysticercosis and Parasitic Meningoencephalitis	08:39
Brain Abscess	02:21
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: HSV-1 and HSV-2	09:04
HIV-associated Meningoencephalitis	04:33
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (Prion Disease) and Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)	03:57
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS Infections - Clinical Neurology“

Multiple Sclerosis: Introduction	03:29
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Pathology, Location of Lesions	05:57
Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment	04:32
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Transverse Myelitis and Central Pontine Myelinolysis	05:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Multiple Sclerosis“

Dementia: Introduction	06:44
Alzheimer's Disease	07:36
Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology and Treatment	10:55
Other Causes of Dementia	12:57
Quiz zum Kurs „Dementia“

Radial Nerve Injury	05:48
Median Nerve Injury	03:19
Ulnar Nerve Injury	03:13
Femoral Nerve Injury	04:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Mononeuropathy“

Polyneuropathy: Introduction	06:11
Metabolic Neuropathies and Diabetic Neuropathy	04:57
Hereditary, Toxic and Infectious Neuropathy	04:17
Entrapment, Compressive and Peripheral Neuropathy	05:03
Neuromuscular Junction and Myasthenia Gravis	06:54
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and Botulinum Toxin	05:42
Myopathy Junction and Dystrophinopathies	05:35
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies and Channelopathies	06:05
Mitochondrial, Inflammatory, Endocrine and Drug Induced Myopathies	05:38
Quiz zum Kurs „Polyneuropathy“

Tumors of the CNS: Introduction	06:41
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Astrocytoma	05:48
Neuroepithelial Tumors	07:43
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Oligodendroglioma	07:59
Neuroepithelial Tumors: Medulloblastoma	04:00
Meningeal Tumors: Meningioma	05:51
Other Primary CNS Tumors	08:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Tumors of the CNS“

Movement Disorders: Introduction	08:45
Parkinson's Disease	06:39
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Degeneration and Multiple System Atrophy	05:25
Huntington's Disease (Huntington's Chorea)	04:10
Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	04:07
Quiz zum Kurs „Movement Disorders“

Altered Mental Status and Coma: Introduction	06:48
Coma and Brainstem Reflexes	04:12
Brain Death, Decorticate Posturing, Persistent Vegetative State and Locked-In Syndrome	07:10
Quiz zum Kurs „Altered Mental Status and Coma“

Vertigo: Introduction	02:17
Dix-Hallpike & Epley Maneuver Test	04:43
Syncope	02:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Vertigo and Dizziness“

Sleep Stages	02:13
Sleep Disorders (Dyssomnias)	06:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Sleep“

Embryogenesis	03:33
Cerebral Palsy, Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder	03:19
Development Regression, Neurocutaneous Disorders and Tuberous Sclerosis	05:12
Neurofibromatosis, Hypotonia and Childhood Neurodegenerative Disorders	05:15
Quiz zum Kurs „Pediatric Neuropathology“

Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain)	06:58
Neuromuscular Disease	08:58
Plexopathy	03:02
Mononeuropathy	02:48
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Diseases: Hydrocephalus, Neuromuscular Disease, Plexopathy, and Mononeuritis“

General Terminology	03:21
Other General Dermatologic Terminologies	02:05
Acne Vulgaris	10:33
Rosacea	06:40
Seborrheic Dermatitis	06:11
Atopic Dermatitis	08:32
Ichthyosis Vulgaris	01:01
Allergic Contact Dermatitis	03:27
Lichen Simplex Chronicus (LSC)	03:37
Lichen Planus	02:32
Hives (Urticaria)	03:35
Angioedema	04:43
Alopecia Areata (AA)	04:17
Psoriasis	09:38
Pityriasis Rosea	03:27
Morphea	03:19
Erythema Nodosum	02:38
Erythema Multiforme	05:44
Pemphigus Vulgaris	06:52
Bullous Pemphigoid	02:43
Immunofluorescence Diagnosis in Vesiculobullous Dermatitis	03:33
Nikolsky's Sign	01:02
Lupus Erythematosus	04:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammatory Skin Diseases“

Folliculitis	03:54
Verruca (Plantar Wart)	05:34
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)	02:54
Primary Varicella (Chickenpox) and Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)	03:26
Erysipelas and Molluscum Contagiosum	03:43
Herpes Simplex (HSV)	03:05
Impetigo (School Sores) and Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)	02:27
Tinea Infections (Ringworm): Tinea Corporis and Tinea Capitis	04:46
Onychomycosis (Nail fungus) and Scabies (Sarcoptic Mange)	04:03
Syphilis	04:47
Erythema Migrans (Lyme Disease) and Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)	02:57
Toxic Shock Syndrome and Necrotizing Fasciitis (Flesh-Eating Disease)	02:25
Quiz zum Kurs „Infectious Skin Diseases“

Melasma (Chloasma)	02:22
Vitiligo	01:06
Albinism (Achromasia)	02:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Skin Diseases“

Dermatofibroma (Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma)	01:40
Seborrheic Keratosis (Seborrheic Eczema) and Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis)	03:30
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC, Basal Cell Cancer)	04:23
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC, Squamous Cell Cancer)	05:10
Actinic Cheilitis	00:34
Mycosis Fungoides	03:55
Benign Nevus and Dysplastic Nevus	08:16
Malignant Melanoma	07:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Neoplastic Skin Diseases“

Rheumatology: Introduction and Overview	05:41
Osteoarthritis (OA)	03:35
Osteoarthritis (OA): Pathogenesis	07:42
Crystalline Arthropathies: Gout / Pseudogout	07:03
Tophaceous Gout	08:48
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease	06:00
Septic Arthritis	10:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction and Non-Autoimmune Arthritis“

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies & Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)	11:03
Reactive vs. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)	11:16
Quiz zum Kurs „Seronegative Spondylarthropathies“

Approach to Rheum Labs: Anti-nuclear Antibody Speciation	10:25
Further Rheum Labs	03:59
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis	08:38
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Signs and Symptoms	10:50
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	06:17
Systemic Sclerosis: Limited vs. Diffuse	09:13
Sjögren Syndrome	06:22
Inflammatory Myopathies, Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis	06:24
Quiz zum Kurs „Connective Tissue Diseases“

Vasculitis: Introduction	06:05
Large Vessel Vasculitides: Takayasu	04:58
Medium Vessel Vasculitides: Polyarteritis Nodosa	07:18
ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	13:24
Non-ANCA-associated Small Vessel Vasculitides	07:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Vasculitis: Basic Principles with Carlo Raj“

Dystrophin-associated Protein Complex	09:45
Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy	11:36
Myotonic Dystrophy and Ion Channel Myopathy	09:18
The Neuromuscular Junction	05:29
Myasthenia Gravis: Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome	07:08
Introduction to Soft Tissue Pathology: Tumors in Lipid Tissue	07:14
Fibroblast, Muscle Tissue & Synovial Cell Sarcoma	10:12
Primary vs. Specific Amyloidosis	08:45
Quiz zum Kurs „Muscle and Soft Tissue: Pathology“

Introduction to Kinetics | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:46
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	03:51
pKa and Drug Solubility – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	09:10
Drug Distribution – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	08:52
Phases of Drug Development – Absorption and Distribution | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	04:50
Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	06:46
Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism – Biotransformation | Pharmacokinetics (PK)	12:02
Introduction and Definitions of Pharmacodynamics – Pharmacodynamics	02:19
Drug Receptors and Effectors – Pharmacodynamics	03:00
Upregulation and Downregulation – Pharmacodynamics	00:53
Dose-Response, Binding, Quantal, Toxicity & Potency Curves – Pharmacodynamics	10:24
Introduction esp. Types of Eliminations – Elimination Kinetics	03:50
First Pass Metabolism – Elimination Kinetics	01:56
Bioavailability incl. Case Study – Elimination Kinetics	02:24
Dosage Calculation: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose – Elimination Kinetics	04:59
Intravenous vs. Oral Medications – Elimination Kinetics	01:16
Renal Clearance – Elimination Kinetics	04:10
Case Study: Correction for Renal Disease	09:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics“

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Overview	05:31
Dual Innervation	03:31
Alpha- and Beta-Blockers	04:19
Sympathetic Blockers	04:20
Sympathomimetic Activators	04:22
Sympathomimetic Effects	11:34
Global Effect of Sympathomimetic Drugs on the Vascular System	05:08
Cholinomimetic Activators and Effects	08:20
Cholinergic Toxicity, Myasthenic Crisis and Cholinergic Crisis	03:04
Anticholinergic Drugs	06:29
Quiz zum Kurs „ANS - Pharmacology“

Overview of Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs – Sedative Hypnotics	07:18
Benzodiazepines – Sedative Hypnotics	04:59
Barbiturates – Sedative Hypnotics	02:03
Atypical Sedative Drugs	08:11
Questions – Sedative Hypnotics	02:12
Case Study – Sedative Hypnotics	02:43
Overview – Antidepressants	02:11
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Antidepressants	03:36
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) – Antidepressants	03:10
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (HCAs)	06:43
SNRIs, Serotonin Antagonists and SSRIs – Antidepressants	09:07
Review – Antidepressants	01:07
Antidepressants: Case Study	02:29
Overview – Antipsychotics	01:27
Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Dopamine – Antipsychotics	02:55
Bipolar Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	05:19
Psychotic Disorder Medication – Antipsychotics	03:06
Clinical Uses of Antipsychotics and Drug Induced Dyskinesia	03:27
Questions – Antipsychotics	02:47
Dopamine Hypothesis – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:53
Dopamine Precursors and Agonists – Treatment of Movement Disorders	05:53
MAO and COMT Inhibitors – Treatment of Movement Disorders	02:57
Amantadine and Anticholinergics – Medication of Movement Disorders	02:17
Medications for Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorders	09:29
Overview – Antiseizure Medications	05:19
Treatment Strategies – Antiseizure Medications	09:45
Levetiracetam (Keppra) – Antiseizure Medications	01:25
Questions – Antiseizure Medications	03:36
Overview – Anesthetic Drugs	00:58
Inhaled Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	04:49
General Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	06:07
Intravenous Anesthetics – Anesthetic Drugs	03:31
Case Study – Anesthetic Drugs	03:20
Overview – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	01:48
Neuromuscular Blockers – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	04:56
Acute and Chronic Muscle Spasms – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	05:03
Questions – Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	06:07
Overview – Local Anesthetics	05:39
Esters and Amides – Local Anesthetics	05:28
Overview – Opioid Analgesics	02:38
Opioid Agonists – Opioid Analgesics	05:38
Mixed Agonists/Antagonists and Antagonists – Opioid Analgesics	04:31
Questions – Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics	05:18
Quiz zum Kurs „CNS - Pharmacology“

Alcohols – Drugs of Abuse	06:10
Opioid Analgesics – Drugs of Abuse	05:49
Caffeine and Nicotine – Drugs of Abuse	02:41
Amphetamines – Drugs of Abuse	04:13
Cocaine – Drugs of Abuse	04:18
Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates and Ethanol – Drugs of Abuse	03:49
Hallucinogens: Psychodelics, Dissociatives and Deliriants – Drugs of Abuse	07:55
Inhalants: Anesthetics, Industrial Solvents and Organic Nitrites – Drugs of Abuse	05:33
Acetaminophen and Steroids – Drugs of Abuse	05:32
Drug Schedules and Controlled Substances – Drugs of Abuse	02:03
Cannabinoids: Introduction – Drugs of Abuse	09:04
Cannabinoids: Consumption and Hyperemesis Syndrome – Drugs of Abuse	07:19
Cannabinoids: Methods of Ingestion – Drugs of Abuse	30:34
Harm of Each Drug Type – Drugs of Abuse	04:21
Guidelines for Cannabinoid Use – Drugs of Abuse	02:45
Effects of Unrefined Marijuana – Drugs of Abuse	06:16
Cannabinoids: THC and CBD – Drugs of Abuse	09:23
Cannabinoids: Summary – Drugs of Abuse	01:53
Carbon Monoxide and Dioxins – Toxic Substances	02:41
Asbestos, PCB's, Herbicides & Pesticides – Toxic Substances	07:20
Toxicology Questions & Case Studies	08:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Toxicology“

Introduction to High Blood Pressure Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Diuretics – Drugs in Hypertension	08:44
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone – Drugs in Hypertension	09:10
Vasodilators – Drugs in Hypertension	06:35
Alpha Agonists – Drugs in Hypertension	02:04
Beta Blockers – Drugs in Hypertension	05:07
Postganglionic Sympathetic Nerve Terminal Blockers and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors – Drugs in Hypertension	01:21
Lines of Therapy – Drugs in Hypertension	07:16
Pulmonary Hypertension Medication – Drugs in Hypertension	11:32
Questions and Case Studies – Drugs in Hypertension	05:27
Introduction – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:32
Nitrates – Heart Failure and Angina Management	05:25
Cardiac Depressants and Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:51
Metabolic Modifiers and Slow Sodium Channel Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	04:12
Inotropes – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:12
Vasodilators – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:31
Renin-Angiotensin Agents and Beta Blockers – Heart Failure and Angina Management	02:12
Slow Sodium Channel and Neprilysin Inhibitors – Heart Failure and Angina Management	08:51
Questions – Heart Failure and Angina Management	07:40
Introduction – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	00:46
Group 1: Sodium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	04:59
Group 2: Beta Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	01:53
Group 3: Potassium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:25
Group 4: Calcium Channel Blockers – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	02:08
Group 5: Other Antiarrhythmics – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:39
Questions – Antiarrhythmic Drugs	03:51
Bile Acid Sequestrants, Niacin and Fibrates – Lipid Control	05:55
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors – Lipid Control	08:38
Fat Absorption and MTP Inhibitors – Lipid Control	02:28
PCSK9 Inhibitors – Lipid Control	07:46
Questions – Lipid Control	03:32
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiovascular Pharmacology“

Overview: Coagulant Drugs	00:55
Antiplatelets	07:38
Anticoagulants	10:02
Thrombolytics and Procoagulants	05:32
Questions: Coagulant Drugs	03:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacology of Blood Coagulation“

Introduction to Insulin	04:13
Insulin Types and Glycemic Excursions – Diabetes Medications	08:37
Secretagogues and Biguanides – Diabetes Medications	04:47
Metformin, Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors and Thiazolidinediones — Diabetes Medications	05:40
DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Analogues — Diabetes Medications	04:30
SGLT2 Inhibitors – Diabetes Medications	12:20
Case Studies – Diabetes Medications	01:59
Diabetes Medications – Summary	01:41
Overview – Adrenal Pharmacology	00:44
Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids – Adrenal Pharmacology	07:16
Catecholamines – Adrenal Pharmacology	02:57
Questions and Case Studies – Adrenal Pharmacology	04:01
Drugs for Hypothyroidism – Thyroid Medications	07:43
Drugs for Hyperthyroidism – Thyroid Medications	11:43
Hormonal Regulators: PTH and Vitamin D – Bone and Calcium Medications	06:34
Hormonal Regulators: Calcitonin, Estrogen and Glucocorticoids – Bone and Calcium Medications	06:15
Non-hormonal Regulators: Bisphosphonates, Fluoride and Calcimimetics – Bone and Calcium Medications	07:08
Biological Agents: RANKL Inhibitors – Bone and Calcium Medications	05:19
Case Studies – Bone and Calcium Medications	03:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Pharmacology“

Overview – Reproductive Pharmacology	02:03
Estrogens and Progestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	11:49
Anti-Estrogens and Antiprogestins – Reproductive Pharmacology	09:38
Androgens and Antiandrogens	06:53
Questions and Case Studies – Reproductive Pharmacology	03:40
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Pharmacology“

Pharmacology of Inflammation	07:29
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)	05:11
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)	03:12
COX-2 Inhibitors	02:14
Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Agents (DMARDS)	06:37
Immunosuppressive Drugs: Overview	06:22
Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 Inhibitor – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:16
T Cell and B Cell Inhibitors – Immunosuppressive Drugs	05:47
Case Study – Immunosuppressive Drugs	02:57
Gout Medication: Colchicine, Uric Acid and More	06:51
Inflammation Pharmacology Questions	04:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammation Pharmacology“

Asthma Medications	02:01
Bronchodilators	03:13
Corticosteroids	02:03
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists	01:32
Release Inhibitors and IgE-Antibody-mediated Therapy	03:52
Biological Agents: Monoclonal Antibodies	02:05
Asthma Medication Questions	02:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Pharmacology“

Stomach Ulcer (Peptic Acid Disease) Medication	07:02
Motility Disorder Medication	07:38
Nausea Medication: Antiemetics – Gastrointestinal Drugs	05:40
Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) and Gallstone Prevention – Gastrointestinal Drugs	02:28
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Medication	02:25
Questions and Case Studies: GERD Medications	02:06
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Medication	11:03
Questions and Case Studies: Steroids, Cyclosporine and Crohn's Disease	07:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Pharmacology“

Overview – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	08:02
Penicillins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	10:00
Cephalosporins – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:51
Penems – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Monobactams, Cyclic Lipopeptide and Polypeptide – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:13
Glycopeptide and Intracellular Agents – Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:30
Overview – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:42
Linezolid, Streptogramins and Chloramphenicol – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	04:14
Macrolides and Ketolides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:39
Tetracyclines – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	02:30
Aminoglycosides – Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotics)	05:26
Quiz Questions and Case Studies – Antibacterial Agents (Antibiotics)	07:33
Overview – Antimetabolites	00:49
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim and Fluoroquinolones – Antimetabolites	07:48
Case Studies – Antimetabolites	03:39
Overview – Antimycobacterial Agents	02:24
First-line Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	13:39
Other Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	05:02
New Agents to Treat Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	04:57
Treatment Regimens for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis – Antimycobacterial Agents	03:30
Treatment Regimens for Leprosy and Other Infections – Antimycobacterial Agents	03:36
Case Studies – Antimycobacterial Agents	06:16
Overview – Antifungals	00:42
Azoles – Antifungals	04:20
Polyenes – Antifungals	04:25
Flucytosine (5-Fluorocytosine/5-FC) – Antifungals	01:29
Griseofulvin and Squalene Epoxidase Inhibitor (Terbinafine) – Antifungals	02:01
Echinocandins – Antifungals	06:09
Questions – Antifungals	03:00
Overview of Antiviral Activity – Antiviral Drugs	02:22
Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	03:50
CCR5 – Antiviral Drugs	02:16
Anti-HIV Agents: Entry Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	07:16
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NsRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	06:54
Anti-HIV Agents: Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	03:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) – Antiviral Drugs	04:46
Anti-HIV Agents: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:55
Anti-HIV Agents: Maturation Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	02:16
Anti-HIV Agents: Protease Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	06:30
Anti-HIV Agents: Other Inhibitors – Antiviral Drugs	01:45
Case Studies about Anti-HIV Agents – Antiviral Drugs	03:21
Anti-Herpes Agents: Thymidine Kinase Agents – Antiviral Drugs	05:21
Anti-Herpes Agents: RNA Polymerase Inhibitors and Other Drugs – Antiviral Drugs	01:59
Influenza Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	01:08
Hepatitis Treatment – Antiviral Drugs	06:45
Overview – Antiviral Agents and Treatment of CMV Retinitis – Antiviral Drugs	01:48
Case Study – Antiviral Drugs	05:16
Antimalarial Drugs – Antiprotozoal Agents	12:41
Amebicides – Antiprotozoal Agents	08:25
Nematicides – Anthelmintic Drugs	05:11
Trematocides (Praziquantel) and Cestodicides (Niclosamide) – Anthelmintic Drugs	02:29
Questions – Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs	03:18
Quiz zum Kurs „Antimicrobial Pharmacology“

Types of Topical Medications	05:00
Stable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	07:08
Unstable Phase Mixtures – Topical Medications	03:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Topical Medications“

Quiz zum Kurs „Doctoring 2 - Block 3: Brain and Behavior“