Leukemia: Hematopoiesis – White Blood Cell Pathology

00:02 Next.

00:02 Well, the bone marrow here is what you’re looking at.

00:05 And so therefore, you’ll begin with what’s known as your pluripotent stem cell.

00:09 And with your pluripotent stem cell, you’ll take a look at on the left and you find giving rise to your lymphocyte origin.

00:16 On your left, lymphocyte.

00:18 Where am I? In the bone marrow.

00:20 What are you going to begin with? On the very top, a progenitor or pluripotent stem, stem, stem cell.

00:27 Depending as to what kind of factors come in, These stem cells are then going to differentiate into a lymphoid on your left or on the right, all will be myeloid.

00:36 The quick one here will be on the left.

00:39 If you’re dealing with ALL, the youngest age group of leukemias, these are lymphocytic and might have to be T-cells and B-cells.

00:47 That’s it.

00:48 Later on, we’ll talk about chronicity.

00:50 Obviously dealing with CLL.

00:52 There are only 2 types, T-type and B-type.

00:55 Now, I could tell you quite confidently that the type that you want to pay attention to, either B or T, will have to be a B.

01:01 And that’s a good thing.

01:03 I'll tell you why.

01:05 If unfortunately your patient goes on to develop leukemia as a child, you want it to or you’re hoping that it would be the B type.

01:13 You’ll see why.

01:14 The T type will kill the child.

01:16 B type, prognosis is good.

01:18 We’ll talk more later.

01:19 On the right, what kind of influences are taking place here? These are your granulocyte.

01:24 CFU stands for colony forming unit and with this, you have your granulocyte, monocyte and CSF.

01:31 So these are stimulating factors.

01:33 If you’re giving rise to your granulocytes, you’re thinking about your -- your thinking about your basophils, neutrophils and your eosinophils granulocytes.

01:42 And in granulocyte, you’re thinking about your monocytes.

01:46 What else are you giving rise to with the myeloid? If you take a look at the far right bottom portion, the 2 cells that we're giving rise to on the very right.

01:56 If you take a look at that cell, that’s a nucleated RBC.

01:59 So it’s an erythroid progenitor.

02:01 They might be thinking about normoblast, erythroid.

02:04 What is that going to give rise to? With the help of erythropoietin.

02:08 Right? Coming from the kidney, you’re going to give rise to your RBC’s.

02:12 What’s the one next to it? That’s your platelet/thrombo.

02:16 But what do you call this when it’s in the bone marrow? Megakaryocyte, megakaryocyte.

02:21 This then gives you TPO (thrombopoietin).

02:24 Do you see here clearly, everyone? You? That the myeloid lineage giving rise to many, many, many different types of cells.

02:32 You do want to know about the interleukins here? If it’s going to be interleukin-5, you give rise to eosinophil.

02:38 That’s important.

02:39 And then on the left here are the neutrophils and monocytes that I was referring to.