00:01
Now there are
a number of categories of the human infections
that we're going to talk about in the next
few discussions and we divide them according
to how the infection is acquired, and the
first one is called endemic mycoses. These
are infections with fungi, caused by geographically
restricted fungi, that is, they only occur
in certain places in the world and they usually
cause disease in immunosuppressed individuals,
although they can also cause disease in healthy
people as well. So here we're showing an individual
being infected with a fungus, it would usually
be inhalation of spore from a filamentous
growth and the individual is getting sick.
So these are endemic mycoses, you acquire
them at specific places in the world.
00:51
Then we talk about opportunistic mycoses. So
these are infections specifically in immunosuppressed
patients. We all inhale or acquire or contact
many of these fungi in our daily lives and
we're fine, I've already mentioned some examples
of inhaling spores and not being a problem,
but people who are immunosuppressed, if you
have AIDS, if you have an organ transplant
and you're taking drugs to prevent rejection
of the organ, that's immunosuppression and
there are other ways you can be immunosuppressed
as well. Under those conditions, these fungi
have serious effects on your health. So that's
why we call them opportunistic mycoses, they
take advantage of your immune system being
down. Now a number of these will even cause
disease in what look like healthy people,
but I suspect that those 'healthy people'
actually do have subtle defects in their immune
system that predisposeS them to infection with
these fungi. We're also going to talk about
what we call subcutaneous mycoses. These infections
involve the skin or the underlying tissue,
which we call subcutaneous tissue and sometimes
they can actually get into the lymph system
and spread somewhat through there, so the
subcutaneous mycoses. And then finally the
superficial and cutaneous mycoses. So as the
name suggests, these are limited to the surface
of the skin and the skin structures. They
don't really get below the skin and they don't
become systemic. They don't spread from the
initial site of infection.