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Welcome back everyone.
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Developments in science and technology
in the 20th century have led
to advances in medicine and healthcare
to have benefited millions of lives.
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The change in context in which healthcare
is provided has created new challenges
for health workers, health researchers and
the broader healthcare of the community.
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Nurses increasingly find themselves confronted
with moral questions and ethical dilemmas.
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Ethics - they are principles that describe
what is expected in terms of right or correct
and wrong or incorrect
in terms of behavior.
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Now, there are several
ethical principles.
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First, is justice.
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Justice is fairness.
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Nurses must be fair when
they distribute care,
for example among the patients and the group
of patients that they're caring for that day.
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Care must be fairly, justly and equitably
distributed among a group of patients.
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Beneficence.
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Beneficence is doing good and doing
the right thing for the patient.
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Nonmaleficence.
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Nonmaleficence is doing no harm as stated
in the historical Hippocratic oath.
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Harm now, can be intentional
or unintentional.
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Accountability is accepting
responsibility for one's own actions.
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Nurses are accountable for their
nursing care and other actions.
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They must accept all of the professional and personal
consequences that can occur as a result of their actions.
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Fidelity is keeping one's promises.
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The nurse must be faithful and true to the
professional promises and responsibilities
by providing high quality, safe
care in a competent manner.
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Autonomy and patient self-determination are appaled
when the nurse accepts the client as a unique person
who has the innate right to have their own
opinions, perspectives, values and beliefs.
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Nurses encourage patients to make their own decisions
without any judgements or coercion from the nurse.
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The patient has the right to
reject or accept all treatments.
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Veracity is being completely
truthful with patients.
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Nurses must not withhold the whole truth with clients
even when it might lead to patient distress.
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Now, there are some
common ethical concerns.
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First, staffing ratios,
Any disagreements between the patient and healthcare
provider or even between healthcare providers,
The limited resources we have,
End of life issues,
Waiting lists,
Medical errors,
Informed consent issues.
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There may also be ethical
dilemmas related to bio-ethics.
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These are concerns that occur as the result of
advancing science and technological advances
such as stem cells or cloning
or even genetic engineering.
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It is our obligation to recognize and identify
ethical issues that affect staff and patients.
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Also, avail yourself to ethicist and
ethical committees within your facility
when such ethical resources and mechanisms are present in
order to resolve ethical concerns and ethical dilemmas.
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We should also understand and apply
available ethical guidelines.
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Available as the American Nurses
Association Code of Ethics.
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Also, the American Nurses Association
Standards of Care and Standards of Practice.
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Also, the American Nurses
Association position paper.
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And finally, your State Board of
Nursing Declaratory Statements.
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Now let's review the ethical
decision making process.
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It starts with defining the problem.
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Next, you're going to collect data
or information about the problem.
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Next, you're gonna do data analysis where
you take a really deep look at the problem.
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Then you move into identification, exploration
and generation of possible problem solutions
and implications of each one.
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Next, you're gonna select
the best possible solution.
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Then you're going to perform the selected desired
course of action to resolve the ethical dilemma.
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And as always, finally you will
evaluate the results of your action.
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So let's review this example.
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Ben is a registered nurse
in the emergency room.
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Mrs. Adams was recently admitted
with a fractured ankle.
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She states that she's in severe pain and is
constantly grimacing during any interventions.
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Ben confirms Mrs. Adams has pain medication ordered and
quickly acquires and administers her pain medication.
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Which ethical principle
is Ben demonstrating?
It's beneficence because the patient has medication
ordered and the nurse administers it quickly.
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That is the right thing to do and in the
best interest of the patient at that moment.
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So remember, ultimately adhering
to defined ethical principles
helps nurses provide exceptional
care throughout their careers.
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A deeper understanding of these
principles is a crucial tool for success.
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So in thinking of everything we've covered today,
I'd like for you to consider this question:
What are three bioethical concerns that occur as a
result of advancing science and technological advances?
They are stem cells, cloning
and genetic engineering.
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I hope you've enjoyed today's
video on ethics in nursing.
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Thank you so much for watching.