Becoming a Doctor – Masterclass

Introduction and Early Development	03:06
Fertilization to Bilaminar Embryo	08:19
Gastrulation and the Trilaminar Embryo	09:53
Ectoderm Derivatives and Neurulation	08:40
Mesoderm Derivatives: Paraxial and Intermediate Mesoderm	04:56
Mesoderm Derivatives: Lateral Plate Mesoderm and Body Wall	03:43
Endoderm Derivatives and Gut Tube	06:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Early Development and the Organogenic Period“

Development of the Vertebrae	10:07
Limb Development and Muscle Migration	10:08
Development of the Limb Bones	09:13
Signals Responsible for Limb Growth	05:04
Development of Skin and Associated Glands	08:40
Development of Hair and Nails	05:33
Development of Teeth	09:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Development of Musculoskeletal System and Skin“

The Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells	05:48
The Neural Tube and Ventricular System	07:54
Development of Spinal Cord and Brainstem	07:22
Malformations in Cerebellar Development	02:41
Development of the Midbrain and Thalamus	08:13
Development of Cerebral Cortex	10:49
Development of Eye	08:28
Development of Ear	09:32
Ossification of Skull	06:26
Development of Sutures and Fontanelles	05:51
Malformations in Skull Development	06:26
Pharyngeal Arches	10:52
Development of Tongue and Thyroid Gland	07:30
Pharyngeal Grooves and Pouches	09:16
Development of the Face	10:14
Development of Palate	06:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Development of the Nervous System, Head, and Neck“

Early Development of the Heart	09:04
Formation of the Right and Left Atria	09:45
Atrial Septal Defects	03:23
Formation of AV Canals	05:09
Separation of Ventricles	07:42
Formation of the Outflow Tracts	03:58
Development Defects of Conotruncal Ridges	06:28
Shunts Present in Congenital Heart Diseases	04:25
Aortic Arches and Large Arteries: Introduction	07:11
Aortic Arches: Morphologic Changes	04:50
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves and Anomalies of Arterial Development	09:43
Formation of the Large Veins	05:59
Development of the Subcardinal Anastomosis	11:42
Fetal circulation and Transition to Mature Circulation	09:09
Upper Airway Development	04:38
Tracheal Development	04:26
Development of Larynx and Large Airways	06:55
Development of Small Airways and Lungs	06:06
Derivatives of Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Body Wall and Cavities	07:19
Formation of Diaphragm: Separating Peritoneal and Pericardial Cavities	08:18
Separating the Pericardial and Pleural Cavities	03:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Development of Thoracic Region and Vasculature“

Early Gastrointestinal Development	06:25
Esophagus, Stomach Dilation and Rotation, Duodenal Development	09:39
Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas and Spleen Development	08:21
Migration of Foregut Organs and Mesenteries	05:29
Development of the Midgut	10:22
Separation of Cloaca Into Urogenital Sinus and Rectum	08:27
Derivatives of the Intermediate Mesoderm: Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands	10:32
Development of the Kidneys and the Adrenal Glands	07:14
Partitioning and Malformations of the Urogenital Sinus	07:12
Development of the Indifferent Gonad and Ducts	06:06
Ovaries and Paramesonephric Ducts	07:44
Testes and Mesonephric Ducts	04:46
Development of External Genitalia	05:57
Hormonal Effects on External Genitalia	06:12
Quiz zum Kurs „Development of the Abdominopelvic Region“

Germ Cells, Mitosis and Meiosis	08:26
Chromosomal Abnormalities: Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13	05:01
Chromosomal Abnormalities: Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, Trisomy X and XYY, Mosaics, Chimeras and Structural Defects	07:49
Spermatogenesis	03:33
Oogenesis	05:20
Ovarian Cycle, Ovulation and Uterine Changes	04:07
Fertilization and Implantation	05:56
Infertility Treatments	04:27
Implantation and Trophoblast	10:10
Placenta and Fetal Membranes	07:58
Abnormalities of the Amnion, Placenta, and Umbilical Cord Part 1	04:17
Abnormalities of the Amnion, Placenta, and Umbilical Cord Part 2	04:09
Twinning and Fetal Membranes	06:08
Timeline of embryonic development: Weeks 1 and 2	06:27
Timeline of embryonic development: Weeks 3 and 4	07:59
Timeline of embryonic development: Weeks 5 and 6	06:47
Timeline of embryonic development: Weeks 7 and 8	05:43
Fetal Period: First Trimester	05:14
Fetal Period: Second Trimester	03:57
Fetal Period: Third Trimester and Premature Birth	04:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Conception, Implantation and Fetal Development“

Introduction to Physiology	05:25
Homeostasis: Definition & Level of Organization	09:15
Control and Regulation	07:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Physiology – Introduction & Central Principles“

Cell Membranes & Organelle Membranes	05:03
Lipid Bilayer: Structure & Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid	07:49
Aquaporin (AQP): Definition, Structure & Function	03:57
Ion Channels: Definition, Types & Function	04:43
ATPases	06:35
Solute Carriers (SLC Transporters)	06:38
Cell Signaling	04:11
Cell Signaling: Signal Reception	09:37
Extracellular & Intracellular Signaling: Receptor Modifications	03:30
Signal Amplification & Dissemination	07:23
Membrane Potential: Ion Concentration	03:57
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) & Intracellular Fluid (ICF)	07:36
Ion Manipulation	04:51
Action Potential	05:33
Surface Modifications of Epithelial Cells	07:18
Membrane and Transepithelial Potential	03:50
Fenestration & Endothelial Transport	05:31
Quiz zum Kurs „Membrane Physiology“

Introduction to Body Temperature Regulation	04:39
Body Temperature Evaluation	04:06
Circumventricular Organs (CVOs) & Blood-Brain Barrier	05:44
Hypothalamus: Body Temperature Regulation	03:15
Hyperthermia (Heat Stroke): Causes & Symptoms	02:52
Temperature Measurement	05:03
Quiz zum Kurs „Body Temperature Regulation“

Review of [H⁺] and pH	05:20
Blood pH: Acidosis & Alkalosis – Acid Base Balance	03:20
Acids, Bases and Buffers	04:27
Buffer: Definition & Titration Curves	03:40
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: Examples	01:53
ph Adjustment: Acid Handling	05:28
Renal reabsorption of HCO3 – Acid Base Balance	03:39
Titratable Acids	04:14
Ammonia: NH₃ & NH₄	03:25
Acid-Base Box	04:36
Respiratory Acidosis & Alkalosis	12:05
Metabolic Acidosis & Alkalosis	06:35
Anion Gap & Osmolar Gap	04:57
Renal Tubular Acidosis: Types & Acid-Base Summary	07:47
Quiz zum Kurs „Acid-Base Balance“

Nerves and Neurotransmission	05:06
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP) and Binding	05:03
Action Potential: Propagation and Myelin	06:06
Glial Cells and Astrocyte Assisted Activities	04:36
Vision: Structure and Function of the Eye	03:52
Vision: Lens, Pupil and Humors	07:11
Vision: Photoreception	04:36
Vision: Signal Termination and Convergence	08:05
Hearing: Hearing Structure and Function	08:43
Hearing: Hair Cells and Semicircular Channels	05:35
Balance: Vestibular Structure and Function	04:12
Balance: Otolith Organs	04:02
Taste-Receptors: Types, Structure, Function & Taste Transduction	07:15
Smell: Transduction and Integration	03:34
Muscle Nerve Fiber Properties	07:42
Renshaw Cells and Muscle Reflexes	03:32
Cutaneous Sensory Afferents	01:57
Mechanoreceptors: En- & Unencapsulated	07:59
Free Nerve Ending (FNE)	05:57
Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	09:03
Hypothalamus and Brainstem	04:03
Circumventricular Organs (CVO's) and Cerebral Spinal Fluid	06:39
Effectors of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	05:39
Autonomic Nervous System: GI Tract and Other Tissues	06:22
Autonomic Nervous System: Skin Appendages and Other Tissues	04:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Neurophysiology“

Bone: Structure and Function	07:53
Bone Remodeling	07:20
Control and Regulation of Calcium and Phosphorus	05:51
Types of Muscle Contractions	03:27
Initiation of Muscle Contraction	03:21
Cross-bridge Cycling	02:55
Force Production and Motor Unit	04:31
Muscle Fiber Types and Properties	06:17
Smooth Muscles: Location and Types	03:00
Smooth Muscles: Structure Function	07:06
Smooth Muscles: Contraction and Relaxation	09:09
Quiz zum Kurs „Musculoskeletal Physiology“

Cardiac Pacemakers – Heart Rate and Electricity	03:54
Membrane Potential – Heart Rate and Electricity	05:54
Pacemaker Potential and Pacemaker Cells – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:54
Para- and Sympathetic Control of the Heart Rate – Heart Rate and Electricity	06:49
Influence on Pacemaker Activity – Heart Rate and Electricity	04:02
Heart Rate Ranges and Gap Junction Channels – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:49
Non-Pacemaker Action Potential – Heart Rate and Electricity	04:35
Myocyte Conduction Pathway and Atrioventricular Block (AV) – Heart Rate and Electricity	07:52
Ectopic Foci and Abnormal Conduction – Heart Rate and Electricity	02:08
Electrocardiogram (ECG): Definition, Function & Basic Principles – Electrocardiogram	02:39
Sequence of Depolarization – Electrocardiogram	07:52
ECG Tracing: Definitions and Related Cardiac Timing – Electrocardiogram	03:55
ECG Tracing: Normal Intervals – Electrocardiogram	08:05
Mean Electrical Axis and Determining Axis on ECG – Electrocardiogram	05:56
ECG Abnormalities – Electrocardiogram	05:55
Systole and Diastole – Cardiac Cycle	01:42
Isovolumetric Contraction: LV Phases— Cardiac Cycle	06:12
Atrial Systole and Diastole – Cardiac Cycle	02:52
Complete Picture of the Cardiac Cycle – Cardiac Cycle	04:11
Intracardiac and Vascular Heart Pressure – Cardiac Cycle	04:08
Heart Sounds – Cardiac Cycle	05:07
Cardiac Output, Flow, Pressure and Resistance Theory – Cardiac Mechanics	03:23
Preload and the Frank-Starling Law – Cardiac Mechanics	09:15
Afterload – Cardiac Mechanics	05:30
Inotropy: Definition, Regulation and Effects – Cardiac Mechanics	08:08
Frank-Starling Curve and Atrial Dynamics – Cardiac Mechanics	04:17
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiac Physiology“

Flow, Pressure and Resistance Theory – Blood Vessels and Pressure (Hemodynamics)	03:47
Fluid Movement Resistance, Laminar and Turbulent Blood Flow – Blood Vessels and Pressure	04:18
Blood Flow and Velocity – Blood Vessels and Pressure	02:38
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) – Blood Vessels and Pressure	04:28
Vascular Anatomy – Blood Vessels and Pressure (Hemodynamics)	10:14
Local Factors of Arterial Pressure – Blood Vessels and Pressure	06:31
Neurohumoral Factors of Arterial Pressure– Blood Vessels and Pressure	05:04
Baroreceptor Reflex – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	05:59
Brain Regions and Autonomic Control – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	02:52
Baroreflex & Baroreceptor Function Alteration, Resetting & Adaptation – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	06:30
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	03:59
ADH (Vasopressin) and Natriuretic Peptides – Regulation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP)	06:33
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) – Regulation of Venous Pressure	02:42
Vascular Function Curves – Regulation of Venous Pressure	04:15
Combination of Cardiac and Vascular Function Curves – Regulation of Venous Pressure	06:00
Isometric and Isotonic Resistance Exercise – CV Response to Exercise	03:44
Blood Pressure Effects on the Valsalva Maneuver – CV Response to Exercise	04:45
Cardiovascular Response and CO Changes in Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	04:12
ABP Response to Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	02:44
Skeletal Muscle Pump and Effects of Chronic Endurance Training – CV Response to Exercise	05:24
Distribution of Blood Flow – Special Circulations	03:17
Cerebral Circulation – Special Circulations	04:50
Coronary Circulation – Special Circulations	04:29
Cutaneous Circulation – Special Circulations	02:12
Skin Blood Flow – Special Circulations	04:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Vascular Physiology“

Respiratory Cycle – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	04:29
Airway Resistance – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	07:48
Pulmonary Ventilation – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	05:55
Pulmonary Surface Tension – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	04:01
Work of Breathing — Breathing and Lung Mechanics	03:50
Learning Outcomes – Breathing and Lung Mechanics	01:28
Introduction – Pulmonary Blood Flow	02:35
Effects of Pulmonary Artery Pressure – Pulmonary Blood Flow	03:31
Effects of Lung Volume – Pulmonary Blood Flow	04:22
Effects of Hypoxia – Pulmonary Blood Flow	05:47
Learning Outcomes – Pulmonary Blood Flow	00:26
Oxygen Transport – Gas Transport	03:36
Hemoglobin and O₂ Binding – Gas Transport	10:17
Blood Gas Transport Comparison – Gas Transport	01:57
Carbon Dioxide Transport – Gas Transport	05:48
Learning Outcomes – Gas Transport	00:48
Introduction – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	05:59
Alveolar Gas Equation – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	01:56
Practice Calculation – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	03:23
Tissue Hypoxia – Causes – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	04:13
Diffusional Impairment – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	07:33
Ventilation to Perfusion Inequality – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	03:02
Upright Lung – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	08:31
Learning Outcomes – Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia	01:20
Introduction – Control & Regulation of Breathing	01:45
Engineering Control Systems Approach – Control & Regulation of Breathing	05:39
Central Chemoreceptor – Control & Regulation of Breathing	02:01
Peripheral Chemoreceptors – Control & Regulation of Breathing	06:00
Interrelations of Blood Glasses on Ventilation – Control & Regulation of Breathing	03:20
Other Sensors With Pulmonary Implications – Control & Regulation of Breathing	04:33
Learning Outcomes – Control & Regulation of Breathing	00:51
Breath-hold Diving – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:14
Breath Hold – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	07:14
PO₂ Calculations – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	06:20
Acute Mountain Sickness – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:02
HACE – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:15
HAPE – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	02:48
Learning Outcomes – Effect of Barometric Pressure on the Pulmonary System	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Respiratory Physiology“

Functions and Segments – Urinary System	09:35
Blood Supply and Control – Urinary System	06:50
Glomerular Filtration Rate	02:22
Starling Forces	09:04
Afferent and Efferent Arterioles	04:24
Regulation of GFR and RBF	09:51
Renal Clearance Equations	08:43
Reabsorption in the Proximal Tubule	06:27
Macromolecular Transport	07:51
Effect of Transport Maximum on Excretion	04:54
Proximal Tubule: Ion Transport	06:55
Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule	04:07
Aldosterone: Effects and Regulation	06:07
Urea Cycle and Collecting Duct	03:00
Secretion and Organic Transport in the Proximal Tubule	04:44
Renal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion	10:33
Integrated Control of Blood Volume: Overview	05:38
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Osmolality	04:36
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System	05:05
Corticopapillary Osmotic Gradient	08:29
Countercurrent Multiplier System	06:14
Body Fluid Compartments	05:37
Measuring Ions and Fluid Compartments	07:19
Changes in Body Fluid Compartment	11:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Urinary Tract Physiology“

Fundamental GI Functions – Gastrointestinal System	02:14
Overview – Gastrointestinal System	03:54
Phases of Digestion – Gastrointestinal System	03:32
Parasympathetic Nervous System – Gastrointestinal System	01:19
Sympathetic Nervous System – Gastrointestinal System	03:11
Neural Signaling Molecules – Gastrointestinal System	02:31
GI Hormones – Gastrointestinal System	03:34
Learning Outcomes – Gastrointestinal System	00:53
Introduction – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	05:55
Salivary Glands: Structure and Functions – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	02:54
Upper Gastrointestinal Secretions: Salivary and Gastric	07:23
Gastric Oxyntic Gland: Structure and Functions – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	02:11
Gastric Oxyntic Gland: Control and Regulation – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	07:56
Learning Outcomes – Upper Gastrointestinal Secretion	01:30
Pancreatic Secretions – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	01:54
Exocrine Pancreas – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	08:03
Hepatobiliary – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	05:14
Non-GI Glands – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	04:46
Learning Outcomes – Lower Gastrointestinal Secretion	00:57
Introduction – Digestion and Absorption	03:13
Digestion – Digestion and Absorption	07:09
Absorption – Digestion and Absorption	13:50
Splanchnic Circulation – Digestion and Absorption	02:41
Learning Outcomes – Digestion and Absorption	01:05
Introduction – Gastrointestinal Motility	04:02
Swallowing – Gastrointestinal Motility	05:25
Gastric Motility – Gastrointestinal Motility	04:10
Intestinal Motility – Gastrointestinal Motility	01:37
Slow Waves – Gastrointestinal Motility	03:24
Learning Outcomes – Gastrointestinal Motility	00:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Gastrointestinal Physiology“

Endocrine System and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis (HPA)	02:11
Feedback Loops and Pituitary Gland	04:11
HPA Hormones & Targets and Posterior Pituitary Hormones	03:43
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis	04:30
Thyroid Hormones	05:23
Thyroid Hormone Transportation	03:04
Thyroid Hormones: Symptomatology Associated	03:44
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Cortex Axis	07:31
Adrenal Hormone Synthesis	05:36
Adrenal Functions	03:23
Endocrine Pancreas Hormones	02:08
Glucagon Basics and Regulation of Glucagon Secretion	02:29
Glucagon: Functions	03:37
Insulin Basics	03:45
Insulin Secretion and Regulation	06:32
Insulin: Functions	03:00
Insulin: Metabolic Effects and Counterregulatory Hormones	03:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Endocrine Physiology“

Introduction to Male Reproductive Endocrinology	02:33
Testosterone Effects	04:41
Testis, Spermatogenesis and Sperm Maturation: Sertoli Cell Secretions	04:18
Introduction to Female Reproductive Endocrinology	03:56
Estrogen and Progesterone Synthesis	04:00
Estradiol and Progestin Effects	02:06
Menstrual Cycle: 28 Days Female Cycle	02:36
Endometrial Cycle	05:11
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis: Control & Regulation	02:59
Sperm and Capacitation	03:13
Fertilization	04:33
Location of Fertilization & Early Divisions: Implantation	03:30
Placenta: Blood Flow, Barriers & Exchange	04:04
Maternal Changes	06:09
Fetal & Adult Circulation: Comparison & Distribution	05:37
Changes at Birth	04:10
Milk Secretion and Production	02:59
Regulation of Lactation	05:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Reproductive Physiology“

Overview – Introduction to Chemistry	01:45
Atom – Introduction to Chemistry	10:39
Periodic Table – Introduction to Chemistry	04:14
Electrons – Introduction to Chemistry	04:13
Shells – Introduction to Chemistry	05:52
Orbitals – Introduction to Chemistry	09:37
Introduction – Quantum Numbers	04:04
Aufbau Principle – Quantum Numbers	02:43
Hund's Rule – Quantum Numbers	05:42
Valence Electrons – Quantum Numbers	03:31
Formation of Ions – Quantum Numbers	11:44
Covalent Bonds – Quantum Numbers	05:09
Valence Bond Theory – Chemical Bonding	03:43
Other Sigma Bonds – Chemical Bonding	02:56
Electronegativity – Chemical Bonding	02:53
Hybridization – Chemical Bonding	07:53
Pi Bonds – Chemical Bonding	03:24
Double and Triple Bond – Chemical Bonding	04:49
Introduction – Stereochemistry	02:33
Chirality – Stereochemistry	07:57
Cahn—Ingold—Prelog Rules — Stereochemistry	05:41
Identifying Enantiomers & Synthesis of Chiral Compounds – Stereochemistry	03:35
Introduction – Electronegativity	04:28
Dipoles – Electronegativity	05:06
Observable Polarity – Electronegativity	03:27
Resonance: Mesomeric Effects – Electronegativity	05:51
Resonance: Examples – Electronegativity	02:26
Induction and Resonance – Electronegativity	02:37
Quiz zum Kurs „Chemistry: Introduction“

Acid-Base Reactions : Introduction	03:32
Equilibrium – Acid-Base Reactions	08:53
Strength and Concentration – Acid-Base Reactions	04:47
Bases – Acid-Base Reactions	04:00
Calculation Examples – Acid-Base Reactions	07:38
Buffer Solutions – Acid-Base Reactions	03:14
Buffer Solution in Action – Acid-Base Reactions	08:16
Buffer Capacity and Ranges – Acid-Base Reactions	02:07
Other Ionic Reactions: Introduction	05:36
Solutions and Molarity – Other Ionic Reactions	06:50
Redox Reactions – Other Ionic Reactions	02:35
Oxidizing and Reducing Agents — Other Ionic Reactions	06:42
Combination Reactions – Other Ionic Reactions	04:43
Balancing Redox Reactions – Other Ionic Reactions	04:00
Example Calculation and Summary – Other Ionic Reactions	03:53
Quiz zum Kurs „Ionic Chemistry“

Alkanes and Alkenes: Introduction	03:59
Nucleophiles and Electrophiles – Alkanes and Alkenes	02:32
Electrophilic Attack – Alkanes and Alkenes	03:12
Stability of Carbocations – Alkanes and Alkenes	02:58
Addition of Halogens – Alkanes and Alkenes	04:33
Addition Reactions – Alkynes and Alkenes	03:25
Haloalkanes : Introduction	06:14
Nucleophilic Substitution and Sn2 Reaction – Haloalkanes	03:39
Reaction Parameters – Haloalkanes	04:24
Sn1 Reaction – Haloalkanes	04:57
Summary Sn1 and Sn2 Reactions – Haloalkanes	01:39
Elimination Reaction – Haloalkanes	04:18
Alcohols : Introduction	03:08
Hydrogen Bonds – Alcohols	07:01
Formation of Alkyl Halides – Alcohols	03:38
Elimination of Water – Alcohols	03:02
Ester Formation – Alcohols	04:41
Redox Reactions and Enzymes – Alcohols	05:29
Aromatic Compounds and Eas: Introduction	05:03
Biologically Relevant Examples – Aromatic Compounds and Eas	03:28
Benzene – Aromatic Compounds and Eas	03:10
Aromatic Compounds – Aromatic Compounds and Eas	03:38
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution – Aromatic Compounds and Eas	04:04
Carbonyl Compounds : Introduction	04:59
Structure – Carbonyl Compounds	05:34
Nucleophilic Addition – Carbonyl Compounds	07:00
Carbohydrates – Carbonyl Compounds	05:16
Oxidation – Carbonyl Compounds	02:23
Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: Introduction	03:16
Structure and Acidity – Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives	05:58
Nomenclature – Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives	07:56
Nucleophilic Substitution – Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives	04:30
Reactivity – Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives	05:45
Hydrolysis – Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives	04:07
Amides Formation from Esters – Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives	04:17
Exercise – Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives	03:42
Quiz zum Kurs „Organic Chemistry“

Amines: Introduction	04:14
Physical and Chemical Properties – Amines	03:14
Preparation of Amines	05:58
Amino Acids – Amines	04:28
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins – Amines	03:28
Biological Interactions: Introduction	03:13
Receptors – Biological Interactions	06:08
Types of Interaction – Biological Interactions	05:07
Dipole-Dipole Interactions – Biological Interactions	03:57
Ion-Dipole Bonds – Biological Interactions	06:29
Role of Water – Biological Interactions	05:18
Shape and Isomerism – Biological Interactions	06:03
Enzymes: Introduction	06:08
Roles of Enzymes	04:01
Metal Containing Enzymes	04:59
Enzyme Inhibitors	06:13
Allosteric Binding – Enzymes	03:56
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Introduction	03:17
Lipophilicity – Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics	05:19
Acid Sensitivity – Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics	04:07
Bbb Penetration – Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics	03:10
Prodrugs: Introduction	03:34
Reducing Ionization – Prodrugs	05:40
Creation of Prodrug	05:05
Prolong Duration of Action	04:42
Introduction – Beta Lactam Antibiotics	07:44
Peptidoglycan – Beta Lactam Antibiotics	04:56
Action of Transamidase – Beta Lactam Antibiotics	05:26
Problems With Penicillins – Beta Lactam Antibiotics	04:39
Problem of Beta Lactamases – Beta Lactam Antibiotics	04:11
Other Approaches to Beta Lactamase Issue – Beta Lactam Antibiotics	03:08
Carbapenems — Beta Lactam Antibiotics	03:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Medical Chemistry“

Definition – Heart Failure	06:22
Pathophysiology – Heart Failure	06:17
Types – Heart Failure	07:02
Causes and Symptoms – Heart Failure	07:58
Testing on Patients and Therapy – Heart Failure	16:12
Classification – Congenital Heart Disease	07:10
Obstructive Congenital Heart Lesions – Congenital Heart Disease	07:09
Congenital Heart Lesions – Congenital Heart Disease	17:05
Conclusion – Congenital Heart Disease	03:03
Anomalous Coronary Arteries – Congenital Heart Disease	16:55
Changing Concepts – Valvular Heart Disease	04:59
Aortic Stenosis – Valvular Heart Disease	08:36
Bicuspid Aortic Valve – Valvular Heart Disease	03:18
Aortic Sclerosis – Valvular Heart Disease	11:31
Aortic Regurgitation – Valvular Heart Disease	04:55
Mitral Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation – Valvular Heart Disease	07:53
Tricuspid Regurgitation – Valvular Heart Disease	07:13
Plaque – Coronary Artery Disease	09:19
Acute Coronary Syndrome – Coronary Artery Disease	10:01
Six Areas of Consensus – Coronary Artery Disease	15:31
Four Areas of Controversy – Coronary Artery Disease	11:15
Diseases of the Heart Muscle – Cardiomyopathy	06:23
Dilated Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	04:47
Secondary Dilated Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	07:34
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	10:18
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy – Cardiomyopathy	08:37
Therapy – Cardiomyopathy	03:43
Reading ECGs and Identifying Arrhythmias – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	03:51
Conduction System – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	05:24
ECG Trace – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	04:12
Sinus, Atrial and Ventricular Rhythm – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	17:20
Reading ECGs – Cardiac Dysrhythmia	05:12
Complications of Hypertension – Hypertension	05:26
Therapy – Hypertension	08:52
Diuretics – Hypertension	06:00
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System – Hypertension	07:57
Beta and Calcium Channel Blockers – Hypertension	04:10
Other Forms of Therapy – Hypertension	04:30
Cardiac Trauma	05:53
Cardiac Tumors	02:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Cardiac Diseases“

Cardiovascular System – Anatomy of the Heart	02:20
The Four Heart Chambers and Their Function – Anatomy of the Heart	05:29
Components of the Heart – Anatomy of the Heart	05:51
Valves and the Electrical System – Anatomy of the Heart	04:43
Arteries and Veins – Anatomy of the Heart	05:22
Electrical Conduction System – Physiology of the Heart	03:49
Phases and Waveforms – Physiology of the Heart	14:26
Cardiac Output – Physiology of the Heart	10:55
Blood Oxygen – Physiology of the Heart	06:18
Introduction – The Patient's History (Diagnostics)	07:44
Cardiac Physical Exam – The Patient's History (Diagnostics)	11:05
Electrocardiogram – The Patient's History (Diagnostics)	08:31
Reading Ecgs – The Patient's History (Diagnostics)	08:21
Introduction – Invasive and Non-invasive Tests (Diagnostics)	04:53
Stress Tests – Invasive and Non-invasive Tests (Diagnostics)	06:57
Nuclear and Non-invasive Tests – Invasive and Non-invasive Tests (Diagnostics)	07:39
Rules for Ordering Tests – Invasive and Non-invasive Tests (Diagnostics)	13:02
Cardiovascular Diseases Treated With Drugs – Cardiovascular Pharmacology	03:45
Beta Blockers – Cardiovascular Pharmacology	20:31
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System – Cardiovascular Pharmacology	07:42
Diuretics – Cardiovascular Pharmacology	05:47
Introduction – Cardiovascular Pharmacology	07:16
Cholesterol – Cardiovascular Pharmacology	13:51
Anticoagulants and Plaque – Cardiovascular Pharmacology	11:26
Arrhythmia Control – Cardiovascular Pharmacology	06:35
Overview – Cardiovascular Disease	15:39
Diagnosis and Therapy – Cardiovascular Disease	10:13
A Typical Patient – Cardiovascular Disease	14:14
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to the Cardiac System“

Definition of the Cardiovascular System – Introduction to the Cardiovascular System	01:39
Components of the Cardiovascular System – Introduction to the Cardiovascular System	07:06
Lymphatic Vessels – Introduction to the Cardiovascular System	04:43
How the Cardiovascular System Works – Introduction to the Cardiovascular System	01:30
Summary – Introduction to the Cardiovascular System	01:09
Main Classes of Blood Vessels – Blood vessels and blood circulation	01:05
Arteries – Blood vessels and blood circulation	04:59
Capillaries – Blood vessels and blood circulation	01:25
Veins – Blood vessels and blood circulation	06:58
Structure of Blood Vessels – Blood vessels and blood circulation	06:17
Physical Principles That Influence Blood Circulation – Blood vessels and blood circulation	04:26
Summary – Blood vessels and blood circulation	01:13
Types of Diagnostic Techniques – Basic Diagnostic Techniques	01:03
Importance Patients' History – Basic Diagnostic Techniques	02:17
Topics in Medical History – Basic Diagnostic Techniques	06:06
Example of Patients' History – Basic Diagnostic Techniques	02:18
Physical Exam: Inspection – Basic Diagnostic Techniques	02:04
Physical Exam: Auscultation – Basic Diagnostic Techniques	01:56
Physical Exam: Palpation – Basic Diagnostic Techniques	02:55
Summary – Basic Diagnostic Techniques	00:45
Non-invasive Diagnostic Techniques – Instrument Based Diagnostic Techniques	02:47
Electrocardiogram (ECG) – Instrument Based Diagnostic Techniques	02:42
X-Ray and CT/MRI Scan Imaging – Instrument Based Diagnostic Techniques	05:07
Peripheral Venous and Arterial Ultrasound – Instrument Based Diagnostic Techniques	04:40
Nuclear Tests – Instrument Based Diagnostic Techniques	06:05
Summary – Instrument Based Diagnostic Techniques	00:31
Terminology & Word Disambiguation – Overview of Vascular Diseases	05:17
Disease Criteria – Overview of Vascular Diseases	01:03
Overview of the Course – Overview of Vascular Diseases	02:28
Summary – Overview of Vascular Diseases	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to the Vascular System“

Atherosclerosis: Definition	03:02
Atherosclerosis: Etiology	04:17
Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis	05:33
Atherosclerosis: Histopathologic Consequences	03:43
Atherosclerosis: Diagnosis	04:04
Atherosclerosis: Therapy	03:47
Atherosclerosis: Summary	01:25
Buerger's Disease: Definition and Etiology	02:22
Buerger's Disease: Symptoms and Therapy	01:21
Raynaud's Disease: Case, Definition & Pathogenesis	04:56
Raynaud's Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Therapy	02:18
Buerger's and Raynaud's Disease: Summary	01:05
Peripheral Artery Disease: Definition	03:00
Peripheral Artery Disease: Pathogenesis	05:32
Peripheral Artery Disease: Summary	01:50
Aortic Aneurysm: Example	02:15
Aortic Aneurysm: Definition	06:42
Aortic Aneurysm: Etiology	03:32
Aortic Aneurysm: Diagnosis	03:42
Aortic Aneurysms: Summary	01:02
Dissection of the Aorta: Etiology	03:44
Dissection of the Aorta: Symptoms	06:00
Dissection of the Aorta: Therapy	02:05
Renal Stenosis and Fibromuscular Dysplasia	08:00
Dissection and Renal Artery Stenosis: Summary	01:05
Hypertension: Example	01:11
Hypertension: Definition & Forms	05:56
Hypertension: Pathogenesis and Symptoms	02:02
Hypertension: Etiology (Neural Blood Pressure Control Mechanisms)	09:47
Hypertension: Etiology (Humoral Blood Pressure Control Mechanisms)	08:36
Hypertension: Etiology (Risk Factors)	02:41
Hypertension: Symptoms	06:23
Hypertension: Epidemiology	04:04
Hypertension: Summary	01:24
Hypotension and Shock: Definition	03:25
Hypotension and Shock: Pathogenesis	03:12
Hypotension and Shock: Therapy	03:40
Hypotension and Shock: Summary	01:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Arterial Diseases“

Diseases of the Lymphatic System: Definition	03:54
Starling's Law of the Capillary	03:00
Components of the Lymphatic System	02:04
Structure of Lymphatic Vessels	05:53
Congenital Lymphatic Malformations	02:52
Conditions with Tissue Edema	06:28
Diseases of the Lymphatic System: Summary	01:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Diseases of the Lymphatic System“

Vascular Malformations: Definition	05:57
Non-neoplastic Vascular Malformations – Vascular Malformations	06:16
Cavernomas – Vascular Malformations	02:09
Congenital Vascular Malfunctions of the Aorta – Vascular Malformations	07:14
Vascular Malformations: Summary	01:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Vascular Malformations“

Inflammatory Vascular Diseases: Definition	01:28
Inflammatory Vascular Diseases: Classification	06:11
Polyarteritis Nodosa	02:01
Kawasaki Disease	03:13
Giant Cell Arteritis	01:31
Inflammatory Vascular Diseases: Summary	01:22
Quiz zum Kurs „Inflammatory Vascular Diseases“

Venous Diseases: Overview	04:20
Thrombosis: Examples	05:00
Thrombosis: Consequences of Venous Thromboembolism	03:27
Thrombosis: Summary	01:14
Varicose Veins: Definition	02:51
Varicose Veins: Etiology	02:07
Varicose Veins: Pathogenesis	03:11
Varicose Veins: Symptoms	02:01
Varicose Veins: Diagnosis	02:58
Varicose Veins: Summary	00:53
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Definition	02:23
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Epidemiology	01:33
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Etiology	04:02
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Risk Factors	02:45
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Pathogenesis	03:28
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Symptoms	06:24
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Therapy	04:07
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Summary	00:44
Pulmonary Embolism: Definition	01:13
Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnosis	04:51
Pulmonary Embolism: Pulmonary Contrast Angiogram	01:53
Pulmonary Embolism: Summary	00:44
Quiz zum Kurs „Venous Diseases“

Introduction – Lung Anatomy	02:21
Bones and Muscles – Lung Anatomy	08:25
Lower Airways – Lung Anatomy	07:14
Histology of the Lung – Lung Anatomy	04:52
Pulmonary Vasculature – Lung Anatomy	09:00
Introduction – Lung Physiology	02:37
Ventilation – Lung Physiology	05:35
Gas Exchange – Lung Physiology	08:58
Oxygen Transport – Lung Physiology	16:11
Hypoxia – Lung Physiology	12:05
Introduction – Lung Disease	08:00
Investigation – Lung Disease	03:17
Epidemiological Factors – Lung Disease	03:43
Symptoms: Dyspnea – Lung Disease	07:48
Symptoms: Wheeze, Chest Pain and Cough – Lung Disease	09:02
Symptoms: Sputum Production – Lung Disease	10:22
Past Medical and Social History – Lung Disease	11:59
Lung Examination: Introduction – Lung Disease	05:34
Lung Examination: General Observation of the Patient – Lung Disease	08:26
Lung Examination: Clubbing, Trachea and Expansion – Lung Disease	05:21
Lung Examination: Lung Surface and Breath Sounds – Lung Disease	11:40
Lung Examination: Signs for Common Clinical Presentations – Lung Disease	05:51
Lung Examination: Fixed Airways Obstruction – Lung Disease	06:22
Diagnosis: Overview – Lung Disease	07:09
Diagnosis: Spirometry – Lung Disease	09:13
Diagnosis: Other Pulmonary Function Tests – Lung Disease	07:48
Diagnosis: Bronchoscopy – Lung Disease	04:13
Diagnosis: Chest X-ray and Ct Scan – Lung Disease	07:01
Chronic Dyspnea and Cancer – Lung Disease	06:36
Quiz zum Kurs „Introduction to the Respiratory System“

Respiratory Tract Infections: Introduction	02:01
Respiratory Tract Infections: Classification	04:48
Bronchitis	03:46
Pneumonia: Overview	02:32
Pneumonia: Classification	04:08
Pneumonia: Signs and Symptoms	02:54
Pneumonia: Diagnosis	11:26
Pneumonia: Treatment	09:13
Complications of Community Acquired Pneumonia	03:18
Other Types of Pneumonia	04:51
Bronchitis and Pneumonia: Summary	02:20
Influenza Virus	06:46
Subacute Lung Infections	02:14
Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Cause and Pathogenesis	03:47
Tuberculosis Pathogenesis	06:13
Clinical Manifestations and TB Case Histories	06:40
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis	05:43
Treatment of Tuberculosis	05:13
Outcome of TB	02:32
Tuberculosis: Summary	01:51
Quiz zum Kurs „Infections of the Respiratory Tract“

Disorders of Respiratory Physiology	04:50
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	03:48
Patterns of Acid-base Disorders	05:29
Treatment of Type 2 Respiratory Failure	03:35
Obstructive Sleep Apnea	07:24
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome	02:57
Chest Wall and Muscle Disease	03:19
Quiz zum Kurs „Other Respiratory Disorders“

Pleural Disease: Introduction	03:58
Transudates vs. Exudates	04:59
Unilateral Pleural Effusions	03:02
Pleural Tap	02:38
Pleural Biopsy	05:08
Pneumothorax	06:18
Tension Pneumothorax	04:00
Empyema	06:02
Pleural Thickening	01:20
Asbestos Exposure and Pleural Disease	03:13
Quiz zum Kurs „Pleural Disease“

Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Introduction	02:22
Pulmonary Emboli	06:16
Diagnosis of Acute PE	04:21
Treatment of PE	02:16
Pulmonary Hypertension	04:07
Chronic PE (Primary Pulmonary Hypertension)	06:08
Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension	01:44
Cor Pulmonale	03:17
Pulmonary Vasculitis	05:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Pulmonary Vascular Disease“

Lung Cancer and Tumors: Overview	03:10
Lung Cancer and Tumors: Pathogenesis	03:45
Lung Cancer and Tumors: Presentation	03:59
Local Invasion and Metastases	04:39
Distal Metastases	01:52
Paraneoplastic Syndromes	03:12
Differential Diagnosis of Suspected Lung Cancer	01:39
Investigation of Suspected Lung Cancer	03:43
Lung Cancer and Tumors	04:31
Lung Cancer Staging (TNM)	02:08
Treatment: Curable and Incurable NSCLC	06:05
Treatment: SCLC	02:51
Mesothelioma: Presentation and Management	04:53
Less Common Lung Tumors	04:25
Lung Cancer and Tumors: Summary	02:30
Quiz zum Kurs „Lung Cancer“

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Overview	04:02
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Pathology	01:26
Pulmonary Fibrosis	03:45
Pulmonary Fibrosis: Signs and Investigation	02:33
Pulmonary Fibrosis: Clinical Recognition and CT Scans	02:38
Pulmonary Fibrosis: Invasive Tests and Treatment	03:57
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis	05:09
Pneumoconiosis	02:43
Sarcoidosis	05:55
Sarcoidosis: Extrapulmonary Manifestations	04:55
Sarcoidosis: Histological Confirmation	05:59
Quiz zum Kurs „Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)“

Asthma: Lower Airways Obstruction	07:03
Asthma: Clinical History	07:43
Asthma: Subtypes and Diagnosis	06:42
Asthma: Treatment	10:24
Asthma: Acute Exacerbations	06:31
Asthma: Complications	06:01
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Overview	07:26
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Symptoms	04:02
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Clinical Signs	04:47
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Tests and Investigations	05:57
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Treatment	05:53
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Acute Exacerbation	08:07
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Complications and Associations	03:38
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Summary	01:49
Large Airways Obstruction: Causes	05:35
Large Airways Obstruction: Investigation and Treatment	06:05
Bronchiectasis: Overview and Causes	06:18
Bronchiectasis: Presentation and Clinical Signs	04:00
Bronchiectasis: Diagnosis and Treatment	04:56
Cystic Fibrosis and ABPA	07:11
Hemoptysis and Major Hemoptysis: Definition and Treatment	04:00
Other Airways Diseases: Summary	01:28
Quiz zum Kurs „Airway Diseases“

General Facts – Blood Formation	06:10
Blood Cells – Blood Formation	05:45
Blood Structure – Blood Formation	05:27
Erythrocytes – Blood Cells	06:53
Hemoglobin – Blood Cells	05:05
Function – Blood Cells	11:23
Approach to a Patient – Investigation and Diagnosis of Blood Disorders	03:26
Investigation of the Blood System – Investigation and Diagnosis of Blood Disorders	11:58
Additional Investigations – Investigation and Diagnosis of Blood Disorders	06:35
Red Cell Disorders – Diseases of the Blood System	08:40
White Cell Disorders – Diseases of the Blood System	05:39
Additional Malignant Diseases of Blood – Diseases of the Blood System	07:41
Introduction – Blood Transfusion	11:52
ABO and Rh System – Blood Transfusion	09:15
Complications – Blood Transfusion	08:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Hematology: Basics“

Anemia and Iron Deficiency – Red Cell Disorders	10:27
Thalassemia – Red Cell Disorders	04:38
Types of Anemia – Red Cell Disorders	19:04
Polycythemia – Red Cell Disorders	04:28
Types – Leukemia	05:25
Acute Leukemia – Leukemia	25:23
Chronic Leukemia – Leukemia	10:50
Hodgkin Lymphoma – Lymphoma	11:35
Non-hodgkin Lymphomas – Lymphoma	03:56
Other Types – Lymphoma	09:16
Myelodysplasia – Hematopoietic Malignancies and Aplastic Anemia	08:32
Myeloproliferative Disease – Non-malignant conditions and Multiple Myeloma	16:21
Aplastic Anemia – Hematopoietic Malignancies and Aplastic Anemia	05:35
Hemostasis – Bleeding Disorders	15:25
Other Forms – Bleeding Disorders	15:05
Thrombosis – Thrombosis and Anti-Thrombotic Therapy	10:27
Anticoagulant Drugs – Thrombosis and Anti-Thrombotic Therapy	12:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Hematologic Disorders“

Introduction to Anesthesiology – Anesthesiology Basics	03:14
History of Anesthesiology – Anesthesiology Basics	04:11
First Surgical Anesthetic – Anesthesiology Basics	02:58
Other Forms of Anesthesia – Anesthesiology Basics	03:31
Physiologic Basics – Respiration and Cardiovascular System	02:04
Anesthesia and Respiration — Respiration and Cardiovascular System	02:36
Ventilation vs. Spontaneous Ventilation – Respiration and Cardiovascular System	02:23
Cardiac Function and Anesthesia – Respiration and Cardiovascular System	05:43
Effect of Vapours on Cardiac Function – Respiration and Cardiovascular System	02:11
Introduction – Hemostasis and Acid Base Balance	03:19
Acid Base Balance and Anesthesia – Hemostasis and Acid Base Balance	02:48
Oxygen: Effect on Acid Base Balance – Hemostasis and Acid Base Balance	04:24
Anesthetic Gases – Gases and Induction Drugs	02:32
Anesthetic Vapours – Gases and Induction Drugs	04:21
Induction Drugs – Gases and Induction Drugs	03:32
Muscle Relaxants – Gases and Induction Drugs	05:00
Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants – Gases and Induction Drugs	03:25
Non-depolarizing Muscle Relaxants – Gases and Induction Drugs	04:29
Reversal Agents – Gases and Induction Drugs	04:56
Pain: Definition – Opiates and Sedatives	04:51
Analgesics: Definition – Opiates and Sedatives	07:17
Addiction – Opiates and Sedatives	02:31
Antiemetic Drugs – Opiates and Sedatives	03:25
Sedative Drugs – Opiates and Sedatives	01:20
Anesthetic Machine – Anesthetic Systems	02:38
Partial Rebreathing System – Anesthetic Systems	07:06
Safety Features in the Anesthetic Machine – Anesthetic Systems	07:05
Patient Monitoring – Anesthetic Systems	03:18
Invasive Monitors – Anesthetic Systems	04:06
Introduction – Difficult Airway	05:58
If You Can Not Intubate – Difficult Airway	01:30
If You Can Not Intubate and Ventilate – Difficult Airway	02:26
My Technique – Difficult Airway	04:04
Quiz zum Kurs „Anesthesiology: Introduction“

Pre-operative Assessment of the Patient – General Anesthesia	04:40
Induction of Anesthesia – General Anesthesia	01:34
Securing the Airway – General Anesthesia	03:24
Intubating the Patient – General Anesthesia	07:26
Continuing the Anesthetic – General Anesthesia	03:36
Recovery – General Anesthesia	02:16
Post-anesthesia Care Unit – General Anesthesia	01:38
Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia – Neuraxial Blocks	02:11
Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia – Neuraxial Blocks	05:24
Finding the Epidural Space – Neuraxial Blocks	04:53
Spinal Anesthesia and Analgesia – Neuraxial Blocks	03:32
Usage of the Nerve Stimulator – Other Limb Blocks and Intravenous Regional Anesthesia	05:46
Brachial Plexus Blocks – Other Limb Blocks and Intravenous Regional Anesthesia	05:11
Lower Limb Blocks – Other Limb Blocks and Intravenous Regional Anesthesia	03:01
Intravenous Regional Anesthesia – Other Limb Blocks and Intravenous Regional Anesthesia	04:26
Opiate Receptor Agonists – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	07:44
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatories – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	03:35
Antidepressants – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	01:19
Anticonvulsants – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	01:11
Nmda Receptor Antagonists – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	03:20
Local Anesthetics – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	01:34
Case Reports – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	03:45
Obstetrical Pain – Analgesics, Case Reports and Obstetrical Pain	06:50
Quiz zum Kurs „Anesthesia“

Different Emergencies in the Or – Drug Induced Emergencies	01:59
Malignant Hyperthermia – Drug Induced Emergencies	04:51
Anaphylaxis – Drug Induced Emergencies	03:34
Hyperkalemic Cardiac Arrest – Drug Induced Emergencies	05:08
Massive Hemorrhage – Patient and Doctor Induced Emergencies	06:01
Increased Intracranial Pressure – Patient and Doctor Induced Emergencies	02:03
Cardiac Diseases – Patient and Doctor Induced Emergencies	01:51
Wrong Drug and Wrong Dose – Patient and Doctor Induced Emergencies	02:05
Surgical Errors – Patient and Doctor Induced Emergencies	02:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Emergencies“

Special Employees and Conditions in the ICU: Introduction	01:45
Types – Special Employees and Conditions in the ICU	01:35
Employees – Special Employees and Conditions in the ICU	04:51
Common Conditions – Special Employees and Conditions in the ICU	06:11
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy – Special Devices (ICU and Brain Death Determination)	01:22
Intra-aortic Balloon Pump – Special Devices (ICU and Brain Death Determination)	02:26
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome – Special Devices (ICU and Brain Death Determination)	04:11
Sedation in the ICU – Special Devices (ICU and Brain Death Determination)	04:29
Brain Death Determination – Special Devices (ICU and Brain Death Determination)	05:07
Quiz zum Kurs „The ICU“

Definition of Pain – Pathophysiology of Pain	02:06
Pain Team – Pathophysiology of Pain	05:17
Special Analgesics – Pathophysiology of Pain	03:54
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome – Pathophysiology of Pain	05:41
Neuropathic Pain – Pathophysiology of Pain	03:49
Quiz zum Kurs „Pathophysiology of Pain“

Airway of a Child – Anesthesia for Children	04:27
Equipment for Pediatric Anesthesia – Anesthesia for Children	02:41
Other Considerations for Children – Anesthesia for Children	04:41
Thoracic Anesthesia – Anesthesia for Special Operations	02:43
Endobronchial Tube: Positioning – Anesthesia for Special Operations	03:24
Complications and Other Issues – Anesthesia for Special Operations	04:20
Cardiac Anesthesia & Neuroanesthesia – Anesthesia for Special Operations	06:15
Changes in Anesthesiology – The Future of Anesthesia	07:01
Palliative Care – The Future of Anesthesia	01:40
Chronic Pain Management – The Future of Anesthesia	01:33
Perioperative Medicine – The Future of Anesthesia	04:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Anesthesia in Special Situations“

Pharmacology Question Set 1	00:05
Pharmacology Question Set 2	00:05
Pharmacology Question Set 3	00:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Pharmacology – Board-Style Questions“

Pathology Question Set 1	00:05
Pathology Question Set 2	00:05
Pathology Question Set 3	00:05
Quiz zum Kurs „General Pathology – Board-Style Questions“

Behavioral Sciences Question Set 1	00:05
Behavioral Sciences Question Set 2	00:05
Quiz zum Kurs „Behavioral Sciences / Psychiatry – Board-Style Questions“

Important Concepts and Terms — Introduction to Microbiology	04:22
Fungi — Introduction to Microbiology	03:01
Protozoa – Introduction to Microbiology	04:52
The Concept of Microorganisms – Introduction to Microbiology	03:43
Surviving the Extremes of Life – Introduction to Microbiology	01:50
Metabolic Wizardry – Introduction to Microbiology	03:52
Why do we Care About Microbes? – Introduction to Microbiology	03:17
Bacteria and Bacterial Structure – Bacteria	06:11
Gram-positive Solution – Bacteria	03:43
Gram-negative Solution – Bacteria	06:14
Bacterial Interior – Bacteria	03:49
Making a Bacterial Cell – Bacteria	04:37
Fueling in Heterotrophs – Bacteria	04:13
Harnessing Bacteria – Bacteria	03:24
Bacteria Exchange DNA – Bacteria	02:49
Virus Overview – Viruses	05:15
How 'infected' are we? – Viruses	05:02
Good Viruses – Viruses	04:05
Are Viruses Alive? – Viruses	01:55
Viruses are Very Small – Viruses	04:04
Viruses are not as Small as we Once Thought! – Viruses	03:01
How old are Viruses? – Viruses	02:15
Virus Discovery – Viruses	04:21
We Continue to Discover new Viruses – Viruses	05:30
Eukaryotic Microbes – Fungi	05:36
Yeasts – Fungi	04:13
Pathogenic Yeasts – Fungi	06:16
Filamentous Fungi (Molds) – Fungi	03:11
Indoor Molds – Fungi	03:11
Histoplasmosis – Fungi	04:13
Global Warming and Fungal Diseases – Fungi	03:32
Introduction to Parasites	02:35
Protozoa – Parasites	03:58
Classification of Protozoan Parasites – Parasites	02:46
Helminths (Worms) – Parasites	05:40
Nematodes (Roundworms) and Cestodes (Flatworms) - Parasites	02:57
Schistosomes – Parasites	04:22
Estimated Worldwide Prevalence of Parasitic Infections – Parasites	01:40
Introduction – Prions	04:13
Scrapie – Prions	03:03
Inactivation of Scrapie Infectivity – Prions	03:14
Current View of Prions – Prions	04:15
Sporadic CJD – Prions	02:58
Forced Cannibalism Spreads BSE – Prions	03:10
Chronic Wasting Disease – Prions	02:58
Quiz zum Kurs „Microbiology: Introduction“

Human Microbiome	06:00
Infection Basics	03:20
Bacteria Spread	03:55
Exotoxins and Type III Cytotoxins – Bacterial Toxins	05:33
Endotoxin – Bacterial Toxins	05:16
Membrane-damaging Toxins and Extracellular Matrix Toxins – Bacterial Toxins	02:20
Antimicrobial Compounds	02:14
Antimicrobial Resistance	07:07
Staphylococci	03:58
Abscesses – Staphylococcus Aureus	09:01
Toxin-mediated Diseases – Staphylococcus Infection	04:31
Group A Streptococci	07:20
Streptococcus Pneumoniae	06:29
Enteric Bacteria	03:17
Vibrio Cholerae – Enteric Bacteria	07:03
Escherichia Coli – Enteric Bacteria	15:14
Shigella – Enteric Bacteria	04:05
Salmonella – Enteric Bacteria	06:38
Clinical Types of Intestinal Infection	02:45
Bacillus	11:02
Clostridium	12:16
Clostridial Infections	10:52
Listeria Monocytogenes	07:00
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae	06:46
Actinomyces Species	04:29
Nocardia Species	05:50
Mycobacterium	02:22
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis	17:03
Mycobacterium Leprae	04:29
Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare	04:07
Neisseria Meningitidis	13:08
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa	11:05
Legionella Pneumophila	11:34
Francisella Tularensis	07:02
Bordetella Pertussis	10:02
Brucella Species	06:05
Campylobacter Jejuni	07:18
Helicobacter Pylori	10:05
Klebsiella Pneumoniae	06:25
Yersinia	00:54
Yersinia Pestis	10:46
Yersinia Enterocolitica	04:40
Proteus Mirabilis	04:23
Haemophilus	01:56
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B	09:54
Haemophilus Ducreyi	02:08
Gardnerella Vaginalis	04:11
Pasteurella	05:18
Bacteroides	06:18
Treponema	08:29
Syphilis – Treponema Pallidum	17:06
Yaws, Pinta, and Bejel – The Endemic Treponematoses	03:39
Borrelia	06:31
Lyme Disease – Borreliella burgdorferi	07:22
Relapsing Fever – Borrelia	05:06
Leptospira	05:53
Chlamydia	05:55
Chlamydia Trachomatis	13:28
Chlamydia Psittaci	01:10
Chlamydia Pneumoniae	01:57
Rickettsia	13:33
Mycoplasma	01:28
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae	16:47
Mycoplasma Hominis	01:19
Ureaplasma	03:21
Quiz zum Kurs „Bacteria“

How are Viruses Studied?	03:56
Viral Culture and Virus Quantification	05:46
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:45
Gapped Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	03:03
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) Genomes – DNA Viruses	02:20
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) – RNA Virus Genomes	03:58
Positive-sense Single-stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	06:21
Negative-sense Single-stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA) Virus – RNA Virus Genomes	04:28
Ambisense RNA Virus Genomes	01:58
Genetic Engineering of Viruses	03:59
Breakthrough in Virology	05:34
Viral Genomes	05:14
Adenoviruses	11:23
Herpesviruses	05:12
Herpex Simplex Virus-1 and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 – Herpesviruses	11:46
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) – Herpesviruses	05:37
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) – Herpesviruses	07:39
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Herpesviruses	05:46
Roseolovirus (HHV-6 and HHV-7) – Herpesviruses	02:38
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) – Herpesviruses	04:01
Papillomaviruses	22:33
BK and JC Virus – Polyomaviruses	07:14
Poxviruses	04:39
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV) – Poxviruses	01:57
Hepatitis B Virus – Hepadnaviruses	12:15
B19 Parvovirus – Parvoviruses	07:58
Rotavirus and Colorado Tick Fever Virus – Reoviruses	08:17
Picornaviruses	01:47
Enteroviruses – Picornaviruses	13:24
Rhinoviruses – Picornaviruses	06:17
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) – Picornaviruses	06:07
Norwalk Virus and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) – Caliciviruses	05:23
Flaviviruses	01:06
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) – Flaviviruses	06:25
Arboviruses – Flaviviruses	08:16
Rubella and Other Togaviruses	11:09
Retroviruses	02:59
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – Retroviruses	09:24
AIDS-defining Diseases – Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)	17:15
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) – Hepeviruses	08:08
Paramyxoviruses	03:04
Measles Virus – Paramyxoviruses	06:41
Mumps Virus – Paramyxoviruses	03:17
Parainfluenza Viruses – Paramyxoviruses	05:57
Rabies Virus – Rhabdoviruses	09:01
Ebola and Marburg Viruses – Filoviruses	06:02
Influenza Viruses – Orthomyxoviruses	12:45
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) and Lassa Fever Virus – Arenaviruses	04:50
Bunyaviruses	02:20
Hantaviruses – Bunyaviruses	02:45
California Encephalitis Virus – Bunyaviruses	03:01
Quiz zum Kurs „Viruses“

Coronaviridae: Overview	07:52
Characteristics of COVID-19	02:21
COVID-19: Transmission	04:18
COVID-19: Basic Reproduction Number	06:17
COVID-19: Case Fatality Rate (CFR) & Infection Fatality Rate (IFR)	07:10
COVID-19: Epidemiology	10:53
COVID-19: Pathogenesis	08:09
COVID-19: Clinical Aspects	08:27
COVID-19: Complications	07:16
COVID-19: Diagnosis and Treatment	07:21
COVID-19: Prevention	05:42
COVID-19: Vaccines	06:00
COVID-19: Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Side Effects of Vaccines	08:00
COVID-19: Challenges and Prospects of Vaccine Development	04:58
COVID-19: Clinical Case	18:11
Quiz zum Kurs „Coronavirus“

Eukaryotic Microbes	08:31
Fungal Dimorphism	01:54
Fungal Infections	02:29
Sources of Fungal Infections	00:42
Antifungal Agents	02:25
Introduction to Fungi: Learning Outcomes	00:25
Endemic Mycoses: Overview	00:28
Histoplasmosis: Introduction – Endemic Mycoses	08:17
Histoplasmosis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention – Endemic Mycoses	02:49
Coccidiomycosis (Valley Fever) – Endemic Mycoses	09:52
Endemic Mycoses: Learning Outcomes	00:28
Opportunistic Infections: Introduction	00:30
Candidiasis – Opportunistic Infections	08:07
Cryptococcosis – Opportunistic Infections	04:03
Aspergillosis – Opportunistic Infections	04:37
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) – Opportunistic Infections	03:29
Opportunistic Infections: Learning Outcomes	00:44
Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses: Introduction	00:42
Sporotrichosis – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	05:05
Dermatophytes – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	06:06
Cutaneous Fungal Infections	09:36
Malassezia – Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses	02:53
Subcutaneous, Cutaneous and Superficial Mycoses: Learning Outcomes	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Fungi“

Giardia lamblia – Protozoa (GI Infection)	05:17
Entamoeba Histolytica – Protozoa (GI Infection)	06:06
Cryptosporidium – Protozoa (GI Infection)	04:51
Cystoisospora – Protozoa (GI Infection)	04:49
Cyclospora – Protozoa (GI Infection)	05:34
Toxoplasma gondii – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	06:58
Toxoplasmosis – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	03:52
Trypanosoma brucei – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	08:06
African Trypanosomiasis – Protozoa (CNS Infection)	04:38
American Trypanosomiasis – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	07:23
Leishmania – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	12:38
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) – Protozoa (Visceral Infection)	04:05
Plasmodium – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	09:22
Malaria – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	06:42
Babesia – Protozoa (Hematologic Infection)	05:43
Trichomonas – Protozoa (Sexually Transmitted Infection)	05:00
Introduction to Helminths	02:28
Ascaris lumbricoides (Nematodes) – Helminths	08:48
Hookworms (Nematodes) – Helminths	04:54
Trichinella spiralis and Trichinosis (Nematodes) – Helminths	04:30
Taenia (Cestodes) – Helminths	05:49
Echinococcus (Cestodes) – Helminths	09:11
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosomiasis (Trematodes) – Helminths	07:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Parasites“

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSEs) of Humans	08:50
Pathogenesis – TSEs	03:53
Prion Protein – TSEs	02:00
Mad Cow Disease – TSEs	06:33
Molecular Test for TSE Prions – TSEs	04:38
Chronic Wasting Disease – TSEs	07:26
Origins of Prion Diseases – TSEs	02:30
TSEs: Learning Outcomes	00:34
Quiz zum Kurs „Prions“

Overview and History of Epidemiology	02:00
Origin of Epidemiology	07:36
Epidemiologic Terminology	02:53
Descriptive Studies – Epidemiology and Biostatistics	05:05
Smallpox – Epidemiology and Biostatistics	04:58
Observational Epidemiology	05:38
Learning Outcomes – Epidemiology and Biostatistics	00:56
Critiquing Presented Content – Critical Thinking and Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)	04:22
Critical Thinking and Evidence Based Medicine (EBM): Introduction	08:36
Study Design Types – Critical Thinking and Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)	03:21
Evidence Pyramid and Level of Evidence – Critical Thinking and Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)	02:07
Framing a Research Question – Critical Thinking and Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)	04:00
Learning Outcomes – Critical Thinking and Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)	00:46
Quiz zum Kurs „Epidemiology and Biostatistics: Introduction“

Epidemics: Definition	05:06
Epidemics: Types	04:45
Key Pandemics in History	05:29
Zoonoses	03:31
The Continuum of Pandemic Phases	02:15
Modes of Transmission and Disease Transmission Cycle	07:14
Outbreak Management and Infection Control	07:13
Epidemic Curves	05:08
Epidemic Curve of COVID-19	05:45
Case Fatality Rate (CFR) and Infection Fatality Rate (IFR)	04:24
Factors Influencing the Case Fatality Rate (CFR)	05:25
Case Fatality Rate (CFR) for COVID-19	03:29
Attack Rate	03:32
Basic Reproduction Number R0	06:50
Effective Reproduction Number Re or Rt	03:38
Herd Immunity	05:27
SIR Model	11:27
Contact and Recovery Rate	06:24
Farr's Law	04:48
Forecasting vs. Dynamic Models	05:35
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) Pandemic: Timeline, Virology, and Vaccination	11:38
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) Pandemic: Epidemiology and Prevalance	07:50
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) Pandemic: Test Positivity Ratio and Death-to-test Ratio	07:51
Combating COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2)	07:20
Quiz zum Kurs „Pandemics“

Epidemiology and Statistics	04:27
Types of Variables – Statistics Basics	01:05
Dichotomous Variables – Statistics Basics	06:28
Null Hypothesis – Statistics Basics	02:03
p-Value – Statistics Basics	02:56
Confidence Intervals – Statistics Basics	02:20
Learning Outcomes – Statistics Basics	00:44
Quiz zum Kurs „Statistics: Basics“

Definition of Bias	04:49
Selection Bias	04:54
Healthy Worker Effect	01:11
Loss to Follow-up Bias	02:17
Berkson Bias	02:56
Learning Outcomes I – Statistical Biases	00:18
Information Bias	01:13
Misclassification Bias	06:13
Response Bias	01:45
Detection Bias	02:30
Learning Outcomes II – Statistical Biases	00:17
Learning Goals – Statistical Biases	00:52
Hawthorne and Rosenthal Effect	03:52
Confounding Bias	03:59
Effect Modification	04:33
Learning Outcomes III – Statistical Biases	00:29
Quiz zum Kurs „Statistical Biases“

Population Research Designs – Observational Studies (Study Designs)	03:03
Cross-sectional Study – Observational Studies (Study Designs)	01:37
Case-control Study – Observational Studies (Study Designs)	03:09
Cohort Study – Observational Studies (Study Designs)	07:04
Observational Studies (Study Designs): Summary	03:21
Matched Studies – Observational Studies (Study Designs)	03:19
Learning Outcomes – Observational Studies (Study Designs)	00:31
Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) – Interventional Studies (Study Designs)	08:02
Rct: Advantages and Disadvantages – Interventional Studies (Study Designs)	06:07
Groups – Interventional Studies (Study Designs)	08:19
Blinding – Interventional Studies (Study Designs)	07:15
Experiments – Interventional Studies (Study Designs)	03:56
Ecological Study – Interventional Studies (Study Designs)	03:32
Learning Outcomes – Interventional Studies (Study Designs)	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Types of Studies“

Descriptive Epidemiology: Introduction	03:47
Measurements of Morbidity – Descriptive Epidemiology	05:43
Mortality Rate – Descriptive Epidemiology	06:05
Population Pyramid – Descriptive Epidemiology	02:28
Learning Outcomes – Descriptive Epidemiology	00:26
Quiz zum Kurs „Descriptive Epidemiology“

Relative Risks (Measures of Association): Introduction	01:57
Contingency Table – Relative Risks (Measures of Association)	05:01
Relative Risk – Relative Risks (Measures of Association)	05:57
Learning Outcomes – Relative Risks (Measures of Association)	00:19
Attributable Risk and Odds Ratio (Measures of Association): Introduction	00:59
Attributable Risk – Attributable Risk and Odds Ratio (Measures of Association)	06:37
Odds Ratio – Attributable Risk and Odds Ratio (Measures of Association)	06:00
Quiz zum Kurs „Measures of Association“

Validity & Reliability: Introduction	02:19
Causality	06:04
Causal Relationship: Possibilities	03:03
Reliability	02:38
External Validity	06:27
Quiz zum Kurs „Validity and Reliability“

Measurement – Data	04:24
Levels of Measurement – Data	04:48
Distribution – Data	04:32
Type I and Type II Errors – Data	05:11
Learning Outcomes – Data	00:52
Quiz zum Kurs „Data“

Screening Tests: Introduction	04:21
Sensitivity and Specificity – Screening Tests	03:10
False Positives and False Negatives – Screening Tests	09:11
Likelihood Ratio – Screening Tests	06:40
Learning Outcomes – Screening Tests	00:35
Quiz zum Kurs „Screening Tests“

Research Ethics: Introduction	01:36
Nuremberg Code	01:21
Belmont Report	02:07
Declaration of Helsinki	05:30
Informed Consent	04:24
Research Ethics Boards	06:56
Research Ethics: Learning Outcomes	01:23
Quiz zum Kurs „Research Ethics“

Quiz zum Kurs „Becoming a Doctor – Masterclass“