Neuropathology: Foundations

covers the topic clearly using an example i have seen in many question banks and practice exams

clear and exactly what is needed from subfalcine herniation. continue to provide these great lectures!

exactly what needs to be understood about intracranial pressure. clear and easily understood

Excellent review of topic, covers essential points and gives key factors of treatment

Dr Carlo Raj always makes me interested in listening to the lectures at all time. He is always Clear. thank You Dr. Raj

The speech style is a little robotic? Maybe this would be better as an audio book.

Understanding that it is an introduction, so I would not expect a lot of details, assuming that there will be other videos that go more in depth. I like the update provided a little more information on Arnold Chiari than other lectures. I would have liked some animation to help illustrate.

Just reading from the slide not explaining anything at all. Could really use some illustrations to differentiate the different types of brain herniation.

Wonderful Professor! Love the humor and colorful presentations. Thank you!

When I pass my neurology block next week, I’ll be sure to come back and thank Dr. Raj. If it weren’t for him, I’d still be lost and confused.

Every lecture should be done like that ! Thank you very much doctor !

I like Dr Raj. He is so funny and manages to make me remember many things!

Great lecture just like all of his lectures. He is always very engaging.

excellent list about the factors that increase the risk of haemorrhagic stroke. Good explanation.

I love your lectures. I learn so much. So good at teaching. Thanks.

there was insufficient information in lecture and its hard to understand him

he is just excellent shame, I can't recommend anybody else except him.

HE IS JUST THE BEST TEACHER THAT LECTURIO HAS EVER HAD IN HISTORY

THE TEACHER IS EXCEPTIONALLY GOOD. I LOVE HIM WITH ALL OF MY HEART. HE IS FUNNY AND MAKES THE LECTURE INTERESTING PLEASE KEEP HIM

I liked it very much, thanks for sharing your knowledge

It's has really been great and productive except I had to go check Neuroanatomy because I am not yet well conversant with Neuroanatomy. I don't know how I can really grasp it! Anyway I really recommend it to anyone in love with science, particularly medical knowledge. Thanks to the team that made the lectures interesting! More importantly, thanks for the 7 days access, I could not afford to pay. I humbled and indebted by the kind hearts!

Dr Raj is literally one of the best lecturers i know of

Great stuff! Used lecturio before and after my exam. They have been constantly improving

Already taken the step but these are great review lectures to keep the knowledge fresh. Appreciate the lectures Dr Raj!

Dr. Raj is fun to listen to I love his excitement and personal stories.

It was really Informative, well explained, enthusiastic, just great!!! Keep up the good work

It is a beat extensive especially covering the anti-seizure medications and their side effects . Touching basic principles in the therapeutics including in pregnancy

The presenter is knowledgeable about the subject and presents the topic in an easy to understand and interesting manner!

The content is amazing except when talking about "Clasp Knife" and "Cog Wheel" rigidity I would also recommend pointing at picture especially when talking about "lewis body" Thank you

everything is explained really well. everyone makes mistakes and so despite the one mistake it is really informative and consice. Dr Raj's videos are really good

Not very clear Attending having language barrier Felt like he was reading it off and didn’t have good grasp.

I'm very grateful for these lectures, they are fascinating and short, everything we need for the exam!

very good, complete and simple to understand, i liked this lectures a lot.

Dr. Raj’s lectures have been very helpful to me in understanding complex concepts. Thank you

I understand stroke syndromes for the first time without feeling that it was a very complex concept

Great instructor, he is extremely thorough, efficient, and gives high yield information.

Very good lectures, funny and didatic, i liked it a lot. Thanks doctor.

The speaker does not explain anything. He just names random stuff and says it is important.

Not clear. Not pointing at images. To many updates and glitches.

I enjoyed learning about this very much. I also liked how Dr. Carlo Raj explained everything. I am not a medical student, but I am a high school student and hope to learn a lot more about neurology

I love his presentation style and details regarding the topic. He keep you engaged and information is retained the first time.

i was reading the reviews and there is a big mistake, this lecture it's a resume, it can't be your only source of information, so don't cry about it and use it with your books.

Clear and Concise. Very Nice. On different point, it was hard to find using search. Perhaps add the "contre" "contrecoup" "coup" but not "chicken coup" as search terms might help other others find this gold.

excellent teacher with effiecient teaching methods. Lecturio is very helpful generally

Dr Carlo Raj has a unique way of telling you the important stuff. Also the summary in the end of every great

He explains things really well, the repititon means I remember what he is saying, and his jokes do aswell. very clear and concise.

Hard topic, but the systematic approach is very helpful. He is a great at pointing out the relevant information about each of the topics. Everytime I see he is the teacher I know I'll not be losing my time.

The teacher seems passionate and sounds knowledgeable He teaches in an understandable manner.

I have a difficult time understanding Dr. Raj' speech in these videos Charcot-Marie-Tooth was covered in little detail but was in an NBME question

Barely any information presented, very disappointing. I wish there was more explanation and more information about the treatment. A lot of things just arent getting mentioned

Lecture was excellent! very clear and simple. I enjoyed it. Thanks so much Dr Raj.

Carlo Raj is so good at explaining and keeping you alert and focused. He asks questions and is very funny! I learned a lot about the things that didn't stick in my normal classes. Super good course!!

It could have been more detailed and a bit more tied in with the basic neuro.

The video was very down to earth and easy to understand. Thank you

Great material and the table was just super fantastic. I would appreciate the Lecturio team makes an update to this video, describing the general clinical presentation of meningitis, that will be a big booster.

I love the combo of humour and medicine, it makes it sink in easily. Thanks once again Dr Raj for such a great lecture. I am just loving neuropathology with you, I hope I could be a guru like you :)

VERY good lecture, thanks for such an essential break down of this topic, I am loving this topic.

As usual highly rated. I love your lectures and the whole Lecturio team. Keep the good work up. Thank you

No matter what, I appreciate Dr. Raj, I have been watching his videos and I have watched more than a bunch of his videos. I want to say a big thank to you and the whole Lecturio team :) thank you for such a wonderful system and teacher who is making learning Medicine easier and clearer. Thanks a bunch

Lots of facts and information missing, goals for therapy not mentioned

I’d like too see more images incorporated in this course to allow visual learning!

I like it very much. He explained the topic easy. I love neurosurgery but in emergency there are a lot of patients with headache.

I understand the point of an "introductory" lecture, but this is well below subpar. I needed detailed explanations of the various types of Spinal Cord injuries. I looked at the other video in the "series", but this is well below that of what I expect from a clinical neurology section.

it is a good a good teacher that explain and transmit you the information using the easiest way possible i liked it very much

good coverage of all headaches, well explained, satisfied very much so

Some of Dr Raj's lectures are excellent, but this is one of the frequent examples of his strange mannerisms obstructing a clear explanation.

Great professor! Thank you for your lectures! it is short, informative, and NOT boring!

I like it, but I think he need to explain more about CVA and anatomical relation . Some times I find it difficult to understand the accent.

I don't want to sound unkind, but this is not good. Not enough exact facts and description of the conditions, too many unnecessary phrases that don't help me connect with Dr. Raj and what he is trying to teach me. This was a waste of my precious time.

I like that is the most precise information that you might need for solving clinical cases later in practice

I like your lectures Raj! Always helping me a lot, thank you

I'm glad you fixed the mistakes in the classes so we can fully trust lecturio.

Very good table explained and I appreciate the extra details added to it.

I watched it to reinforce and know a little bit more about stroke besides the information that I already read in books or articles, because in lecturio I got more facts that I don't find anywhere else. And I would recommend it to my friends in med school since you can watch the videos or answer the quiz before you read about some topic or after, so you feel sure about what you know.

Really grateful my brain works well with Dr. Raj's teaching style He always drops in links to other topics & things you should be thinking about when delivering his lectures

Dr. Raj nails it, easy and quick, to the point, nothing unnecessary, thank you!!!

The subtitles do not go according to the doctor's explanation

Not impressive. Just reading the slides and dull expressions. half of his word are unable to be listened

Very concise and clear. He is an excellent teacher. Still confused about mononeuritis multiplex

I enjoy Dr Carl a lot, great and clear and more so easy to understand. Makes medicine a lot more fun

This course delivered a lot of information and useful techniques with regards to the analysis of CSF to determine the cause of meningitis and the rundown of most of the clinical presentations of these disorders. I also enjoyed having the summary at the end of each video to give an overview to each condition and the main points to remember about each. The actual pathophysiological teaching leaves much to be desired as do the slides themselves. Dr Raj is good at delivering things in an interesting way when he has the right slides. These ones are just text most of the time which makes things much less interesting. It would also be nice to get more of an insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of each disease both macro and micro

Dr. Raj lectures are always funny This lecture is short, provides key points, easy to remember Excellent explanation for the anatomical-clinical correlation

Well explained. The failure was to be so explicit without a lot of explanation.

Lecture on this topic was clear and easy to follow. Terminology was and the appropriate to promote understanding and retention.

Es una muy buena clase, el tema se entiende muy bien.

Provided no useful explanations on the topic and I ended up looking for information on google to understand it myself. To much joking around and too little professionalism.

seriously these series of lectures are the absolute worst. no explanation at all, no physiopathology, no images...just a pathologist who seems to be severely under qualified to teach a comprehensive clinical neurology lecture , reading a bunch of bullet points off the most lazily prepared power point presentation. seriously strating to wonder what the point of lecturio is. I do the q bank right after the lectures and literally nothing that is asked is mentioned in these lectures.

Im sorry Dr Raj, I really enjoyed your cardiology series, but the neurology is subpar to put it politely. zero detail, just a bunch of bullet points and basic stuff a first year pre-med student already knows. no detail as to the pathophysiology, treatment or any of that. If I have to go back to biochem or neuroanatomy for all that then what's the point of this series?

I really enjoyed watching this lecture versus having to listen to hours of lecture on these topics.

Lets his need top "put on a show" get in the way of explaining things. Could perhaps benefit from some diazepam before lecturing.

Very clear and concise definitions of stroke vs TIA. I appreciate that Dr. Raj underlines the importance of TIA treatment as a risk factor for a stroke.

La traducción, no es tan buena; pero ha sido un tiempo bien invertido por su explicación.

me dio la idea general de como enfocar el diagnostico de ACV

queria puntos claves en el diagnostico y tratamiento, ademas de una vista panoramica antes de entrar al tema a estudiarlo por completo y me ha servido demasiado. muchas gracias

 Excellent exhibitor, clear, concise in addition to excellent content very useful

This is a very good lecture for everyone, not just people studying medicine.

However, I would like to see patients or role playing to demonstrate the condition.

Excellent explanation in every perceptive ! I would like to have a bit more pictures in the PPT !

Dr. Raj is quite interesting during lectures he makes information easy to integrate and remember it. Thank you, Dr. Raj.

speaker contradicts himself several times an he not sure of what is written in slides example: in treatment of SAH he 1st mentions that watch for hypertesion hypervolumia and hemodilution then in next lecture he realized that HHH written in slides reffer to treatment strategy there are several other mistakes dont have time to elaborate also what ever is written in slides is not fully explained by speaker

not upto the mark lecturer laughing inappropriately and information not eplained properly

Very good course!!! Sometimes the accent is a little difficult to understand, but I really liked it..

It is clearl, comprehensive and simply explained. the content is well designed. the lecturer is friendly.

I liked it very much as an introduction to CVA and to bring it all together. I watched the entire series before studying with textbooks to fill in the blanks. Carlo Raj is making sure I know what's important. If you expected to be finished with CVA after watching a few videos you will be disappointed no matter what you choose to watch.

this lecture is great, good level of detail and well explained!

Clear emphasis was made, and the pace was easy for audience to follow

Well-structured, with emphasis on high-yield pieces of info. Saves time for memorization

DR Carlo Raj is a great educator.very nice speech, clear concept of every topic.seems like I have a good private tutor and no need of books after watching his lecture.

Structured and taught with comparisons and stressed contrasts in epidemiology/clinical presentation/imaging findings

An excellent run through of stroke and tia that incorporates pathophysiology biochemistry clinical presentation and mx ...... great teaching thanks

Tons of mistakes in what seems to be all fields of Lecturio videos. It's a shame really. This one in particular goes on about the "virus" H. Influenzae. It's just tons of basic stuff that they really mess up. I wouldn't even use this as a free resource honestly.

Despite that Dr. Raj inaccurately recognized H. influenzae as a virus (which is actually a G(-) bacterium), he did a good job of engaging students in thinking and reflecting, while pointing out a general memory-aiding scheme ( e.g. common skin flora species being implicated in post-neurosurgery/penetrating trauma/CSF-associated meningitides) Having watched many of Dr Raj's videos (a med-student with high standards myself and always hateful of lackadaisical teaching styles of the MAJORITY of professors in my country), I have to say Dr. Raj exhibits excellent "mentor" qualities in a style of his own.

Detailed and comprehensive lectures. Good overview of Alzheimer disease and pathophysiology

Too basic, needs a lot more clinical information and more backround.

I still like Dr. Raj professionalism and high yield content. Very useful

high yield and very useful. I personally like Dr. Raj (professionalism, kind of humour and teaching skills). Readily helpful for me and my preparation to Step 1

clear and concise in explanation; content well-organized and presented in a way that is easy to absorb

This taught me... I was wondering one day while I was reading a Medical book, hmm what are seizures? Then I was looking all over the web found this website and went to Carlo Raj, MD for seizures this is just the beginning for me and I hope I like the rest of his videos.

Great lectures in such a short time. I would listen to this series right before exams.

Just reading the slides.No explanation.No schematic drawing to show the involved areas or the characters of the diseases.No pathological sections, gross or microscopic.

very good video. Did not not know the relation to floppy baby and botulinum toxin.

Slow but comprehensive but not completely enticing. I dont think that this is sufficient for the boards.

I work as an MD at the neurology department at Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen. I was looking for inspiration before I was supposed to do a lecture on CNS infections myself, for the medical students and young doctors at the department. Your lectures are not even close to being good enough or sufficient - there are WAY to many details left out, plus, explanations and clinical relevance is almost none. I couldn't use it at least, and had to dig deeper in my old books and in other lectures. Moreover, I don't get the way the lecturer speaks... he pronounces some words with a weird emphasis on specific words - making you almost feel stupid...

He is very clear and specific .Is important to know anatomy and pathology to understand his lecure an be able to respond thearlier questions

I like the lecture but tend to give highlights, good if concepts are explained in details and visual teaching aids included.

Very informative and concise.. with application of info on real case analysis

Horrible Lecturer. Teaching Cant be this way, unfortunately! I hope someone else takes over.

Not detailed enough in concepts. Mostly comprised lists of pathologies/syndromes. less emphasis on conceptual development

allow i just wanna give five stars innit yes yes yes

I think this lecture lack of details and certain points needed as introduction

Watching these is clearer, more concise, and far more efficient than going to any of my lectures. I easily learn in 5-10 minutes of watching Dr Raj what I would struggle to pick up in an hour of lectures at medschool.

its really good but kind little short the doctor did good job specially emphasis on important parts

The overall quality is good. But what about diseases like ALS, I dont understand why a important disease like this are not covered in the clinical neurology course. And there are couple of other diseases also. I hope that lecturio fixes this issues in the near future.

A very bad lecture. Mistakes that can not be said lecture after lecture

very clear explanation and easy to understand great examples and easy to follow

Good talk on the topic but could be improved by discussion management and when you may consider surgical evacuation vs watch and wait. Also no mention of chronic subdural haematoma.

I'm not sure if this topic will be covered in neurosurg but serious detail lacking. First of all no definition what a raised ICP is and how best to diagnose. No clear explanation of the underlying cause ie mass effect (tumour, abscess), vascular (hypoxia, hypercapnia, venous flow obstruction), hydrocephalus (obstructive vs none), pseudotumor cerebri. It would have been useful to discuss shunts in the treatment as well and when you may consider inserting them

Again a really comprehensive coverage of this topic. I would like in the future for a discussion regarding the use of mini-mental state examinations as it is an important part of the work up of a patient with memory impairment. I was surprised not hear about the cautious use of neuroleptics in Lewy body dementia. I would have like to learn more about the clinical utility of neuroimaging and when you would use them? Finally, It would have also been good to tackle prion disease

Really comprehensive talks on the various movement disorders. I would have liked to see video examples of each movement disorders for completeness

A truly comprehensive coverage of this topic. Really impressed with how much information is included and the systematic approach to formulating a ddx

Good summary of the topic but would have been also good further discuss some of the immunosuppresive agents and fingolimod. In the dx workup section the use of MRI was also omitted

I really enjoyed the overall topic. Good balance of detail. What I suggest for future revisions is to expand the criteria for when you would prescribe AED for example aside from 2 eps pts with focal abnormalities or underlying conditions that cannot be remedied or patients with abnormal EEGs may be started on these agents. Furthermore, impact on driving and occupation could have also been included. Finally, I would love to see a separate section focused secondary cause of seizures.

It would have been good to further discuss migraine headaches and tensions headaches. I would have like to learn more about the features of aura (incl scotomas). Moreover, a discussion on what constitutes medication overuse headache is warranted given the ease of access to OTC analgesics. Finally an opportunity has been missed to discuss if which circumstances you would consider the use of prophylactic therapies

Not sure if there will further talks on haemorrhagic stroke but significant omissions evident. For example target for BP lowering, discussion of management of complications incl vasopasm, raised ICP, seziure prevention. Work up of patient wasn't clear ie the use of lumbar punctures in high clinical suspicions but ct equivocal

I enjoyed the series on ischaemic stroke but it would have been great to discuss in more depth the secondary management of stroke in particular blood pressure targets and agents with the most supportive evidence for use (e.g ACE-I). I also note that there was an omission about the best way to manage BP in the acutely hypertensive patient post stroke. Despite theses as always good taster of the topic. I appreciate the challenge of work that goes into producing these contents

I really liked this lecture and learned a lot. He broke it down and explained things simply without being condescending, and I found his examples to be easy to remember.

The lecture was concise and to the point. Dr Carlo's Style of lecturing always provides the right amount of emphasis, and his use of anecdotes help in visualising the patient. Any Iecture by Dr. Carlo Raj Is always highly recommended.

the professor should smile a bit :) His tone is scary at times.

I didn't like the lecturer he is like screaming and shouting in my opinion

The explanation is up to the point and very precise,love each one of the video this doctor had conducted. :)